?splurge

splurge發(fā)音

英：[spl?:d?]　　美：[spl?:d?]

英：　　美：

splurge中文意思翻譯

n.揮霍, 炫耀

v.揮霍, 亂花

splurge詞形變化

動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞: splurged | 動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數: splurges | 動(dòng)詞現在分詞: splurging | 形容詞: splurgy | 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式: splurged |

splurge常見(jiàn)例句

1 、Saw your loveliness, without splurge, without luxury, without prudency, without banality, without finish.───看見(jiàn)你的美，不張揚，不奢華，不靦腆，不平凡，注定了沒(méi)有完美。

2 、When he has saved up again, he plans to splurge on a digital camera or flat-screen TV.───等他已經(jīng)把錢(qián)存好了，他還計劃“一擲千金‘地購買(mǎi)一部數碼相機或者是一臺平板電視。

3 、I know it's a splurge, but I can afford it.─── 我知道是挺揮霍 但我能負擔得起

4 、Make a meal out of a favorite treat and you'll be less tempted to overindulge on your splurge foods.───用最?lèi)?ài)的材料做一餐食物，你就不會(huì )沉溺于你的食物狂歡了。

5 、A shaky government has done surprisingly well in restoring macroeconomic stability after the near-disastrous spending and borrowing splurge in the early years of this decade.───在上世紀90年代，匈牙利近乎災難性的大肆揮霍和向外借款。在這之后，一個(gè)不穩定的政府重新恢復了宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟的穩定性，其效果之好，令人驚異。

6 、The opposition reckoned the tax would allow the government to splurge before municipal elections next year.───反對者認為此稅將會(huì )使政府可以在明年地方選舉前有充足資金來(lái)收買(mǎi)人心。

7 、For years, Catherine Monk would ignore her sweet tooth, then splurge on half a pint of ice cream───幾年來(lái)，Catherine Monk一直克制自己對甜食的渴望，壓制不了時(shí)，就無(wú)節制地吃半品脫冰淇淋。

8 、She went out on a splurge when she got her first wage packet.───她第一次拿到工資就出去大肆揮霍。

9 、He went flying into the crowd while chasing a loose ball, sharing time briefly with those who can afford to splurge on tickets at Staples Center.───一次撿球的時(shí)候他飛入人群，和湖人的那些大牌球迷們簡(jiǎn)單的慶祝了一番。

10 、Her artworks always contain deep worldly thinking.So the splurge of technique has been put to a subordinate position as to aviod the criticism of mediocrity.───她的繪畫(huà)總是帶有一種深邃的人生玄思在里面，技術(shù)的炫耀反而被置于一個(gè)相對次要的地位，以使繪畫(huà)免遭平庸的戕害。

11 、And the more people you're shopping with, the more your chances of a splurge increase.───一起去購物的人數越多，人們揮霍的幾率會(huì )越大。

12 、EXAMPLE: Since it was his 40th birthday, the group decided to splurge and take their friends to lunch at their town's most expensive restaurant.───在成立40周年之際，集團決定鋪張一回，請他們的朋友到他們鎮上最貴的餐廳吃午餐。

13 、" You feel like you're investing in your health, so a little splurge can't hurt.───你覺(jué)得你是在為你的健康投資，所以一點(diǎn)炫耀是沒(méi)有什么害處的。

14 、ISort, Sell, Splurge!Three great games become a brand new, one-of-a-kind experience where seek &find is just the beginning.───3個(gè)極棒的游戲轉變成為一款嶄新的，獨特的游戲，搜索尋找僅僅是游戲的開(kāi)始部分。

15 、He inherit one big stroke property, and splurge it within one year.───他繼承了一大筆財產(chǎn)，一年之內就揮霍光了。

16 、Contra-cyclical capital requirements, forcing banks to build more reserves during good times, will leave them less cash to splurge on bonuses.───反周期的資金需求迫使銀行在經(jīng)濟較好的時(shí)候多儲備資金，而這種需求給銀行更少的資金來(lái)發(fā)紅利。

17 、The government is trying to regain control of public finances after a splurge to win last year's election.───在靠揮霍金錢(qián)贏(yíng)得去年的選舉后，匈牙利政府正試著(zhù)重新控制公共財政。

18 、You can invest half your paycheck in serums and creams - even splurge on dermal fillers and pricey facials - but none of it will get you far without a skin-friendly diet.───你可能會(huì )花費你一半的工資在購買(mǎi)乳液和乳霜，甚至揮霍在昂貴的面膜和美容上面，但只是這些是不夠的，再加上皮膚營(yíng)養膳食，皮膚就會(huì )更加完美。

19 、Splurge on pretty padded hangers so clothes stay in store-bought shape.───多花些錢(qián)在漂亮的軟墊衣架上,從而你的衣服就一直保持了商店里買(mǎi)來(lái)的形狀。

20 、' Fewer than a third said they would splurge on a gift for their spouses or children this holiday season.───不到三分之一的人說(shuō)他們今年假期不會(huì )大肆花錢(qián)給自己的伴侶或孩子買(mǎi)禮物。

21 、to splurge money on race track───在賭馬賽上揮霍無(wú)度

22 、You splurged on a classic because you're sensible.─── 你把錢(qián)花在經(jīng)典品牌上因為你懂這個(gè)道理

23 、If you discover that you’re addicted to deals, you can try a few ways to combat the urge to splurge.───如果你發(fā)現你也很喜歡買(mǎi)促銷(xiāo)品，那么你可以通過(guò)一些方法來(lái)阻止揮霍的欲望.

24 、Going to dinner, splurged on a babysitter.─── 我們打算請個(gè)保姆 然后去吃個(gè)飯

25 、In fact, say analysts at HSBC, a bank, its Keynesian splurge is one of the world's least green.───事實(shí)上，匯豐銀行分析人士稱(chēng)，銀行的凱恩斯主義式揮霍是世界最不綠色環(huán)保方式之一。

26 、What's really at stake here is a quest for beauty.Enjoying simple but inexpensive pleasures like nature walks and museums can quell the urge to splurge.───每天當然應當安排些時(shí)間娛樂(lè )，但干些像烤東西、刷墻壁之類(lèi)的雜活對治愈你的潔癖也是大有好處的哦。

27 、Splurge gathers, and now my curse begins.It shall not end until my death.───炫耀將至，我從今開(kāi)始詛咒，至死方休。

28 、One day she decided to splurge on horse-jumping lessons at a local riding stable.───一天，她決定到當地的一家馴馬場(chǎng)，盡情體驗一下越障訓練的樂(lè )趣。

29 、I'm feeling so good I splurged on lobster.─── 我心情好到在龍蝦上揮霍了一把

30 、Let's splurge on a fried chicken for one time.───我們就奢侈一次買(mǎi)只炸雞吧。

31 、splurge millions on the wedding───為婚禮花費了幾百萬(wàn)元

32 、The victory meeting should be one without any splurge .───慶功會(huì )應該開(kāi)成一個(gè)毫不炫耀擺闊的會(huì )。

33 、They're eating, you know, a lot of people say, “Well, I'll be really good all week, and then I'll just splurge on the weekends.”───他們會(huì )吃東西，你知道，很多人說(shuō)：“好的，我這周一直表現不錯，然后我會(huì )在周末大快朵頤?！?/p>

34 、However, it was reactivated two years later as the politically motivated urge to splurge once again took over.───但是，兩年后，政治驅動(dòng)的揮霍之風(fēng)再次抬頭，債務(wù)鐘又被激活。

35 、(on) splurge on a new hat───花很多錢(qián)買(mǎi)了一頂帽子

36 、And now that American spending is faltering, a splurge is welcome.───況且既然美國消費躊躇不前，那炫耀一下也未嘗不可。

37 、How much money do you have to splurge?───這樣的話(huà)，試問(wèn)，你還能有多少錢(qián)可供揮霍呢？

38 、And if you're in the market for a bit of a splurge, Atopalm MLE Cream is a wonderful option for dry, sensitive skin.───這就是為什么你會(huì )在冬天因皮膚干燥而煩惱：皮膚防線(xiàn)瓦解，類(lèi)脂物無(wú)法有效將皮膚細胞結為一體。

39 、This is producing a spending splurge on steroids.Excluding SUVs, almost as many cars are being sold in China as in America.───結果是一輪消費狂潮：不算運動(dòng)型多功能車(chē)的話(huà)，中國的汽車(chē)銷(xiāo)售量幾乎跟美國持平。

40 、Foreign capital inflows may have been too big or too quick, leading to a consumption and construction splurge, fuelled by reckless lending to firms and households, often in foreign currencies.───境外資本流入也呈現出過(guò)大或者過(guò)快的問(wèn)題，從而引致了消費和建筑領(lǐng)域的肆意揮霍；

41 、Check out this post we did a while back listing what you should splurge on and what you should save on.───點(diǎn)擊這篇我們后發(fā)表的文章， 文章列出了什么是您該揮霍的，什么是該節省的.

42 、Beijing is wise to temper this borrowing and lending splurge.───北京緩和這種借貸狂熱的做法是明智的。

43 、Its basic character is splurge, vogue and devour.───炫耀性、時(shí)尚性和揮霍性是消費主義的基本特征。

44 、ex. I had a splurge and bought two new suits.───我大手大腳花了一筆錢(qián)買(mǎi)了兩套新西裝。

45 、This happens to a lot of people when they try to economize: they're so pleased with themselves for looking for the best buy on tuna fish that they splurge by buying a DVD.───這會(huì )發(fā)生在許多想要節省的人們的身上:他們對自己在購買(mǎi)到最劃算的金**魚(yú)上感到十分滿(mǎn)意，以至于最后揮霍地買(mǎi)了一臺DVD。

46 、In cozy Copenhagen, splurge on pastries, visit the Little Mermaid and dance till dawn at Tivoli Gardens.───在安逸的哥本哈根，可以盡情享用美味的餡餅，看望一下小美人魚(yú)，在蒂沃利公園跳舞到天明。

47 、Splurge gathers, and now my curse begins. It shall not end until my death.───汝等與我將生命與榮耀獻于死死團，今夜如此，夜夜皆然。

48 、Big-spending luxury consumers have continued to splurge on pricey handbags and jewelry, even as the global financial crisis has forced them to cut back in other areas.───盡管金融危機迫使的平時(shí)大手大腳的奢侈品消費者們在其它方面削減成本，但這些人對名貴箱包珠寶依然熱情不減，揮金如土。

49 、IN RECENT years the yen has been a profitable carry-trade currency, used by investors to borrow cheaply in order to splurge on risky assets around the world.───近些年日圓成為了有利可圖的套息交易的貨幣，投資者可以用便宜的價(jià)格借到日圓，并大肆把它們用于投資全球的高風(fēng)險的資產(chǎn)。

50 、You might splurge on a big-screen TV, or you might splurge by going to a more convenient gym.───你也許在大屏幕電視上揮霍，或者你也許是在去一個(gè)更方面的健身房上面揮霍。

51 、to splurge for one's talent───賣(mài)弄才學(xué)

52 、I splurged and got the kind the bears like.─── 我奢侈了一次 買(mǎi)了熊會(huì )喜歡的衛生紙[**內容]

53 、Saving rewards points for your dream vacation or another splurge runs the risk of the points expiring or never being used.───累積積分的好處是也許能夠實(shí)現你夢(mèng)想的假期或者其他值得炫耀的獎項，但是風(fēng)險就是可能商家會(huì )終止積分，或你一直沒(méi)機會(huì )使用這些積分。

54 、Splurge: To indulge in an extravagant expense or luxury,───縱容自己奢侈。

55 、Don't be afraid to splurge a little, sweetheart.─── 小寶貝 稍微秀下恩愛(ài)也不錯哦

56 、So much of the spending splurge of the past decade has gone into the public services that they are likely to yield the greatest savings.───過(guò)去十年里，公職部門(mén)揮霍的開(kāi)支令人咂舌，最大幅度的削減恐怕要從這些部門(mén)開(kāi)始。

57 、We'll splurge on a trip in France next year.───明年咱們去法國揮霍玩個(gè)痛快。

58 、Remember: you are ruled by the feet - so splurge on some great walking shoes!───記?。翰叫袑δ闶亲钣行У?，那就趕緊多買(mǎi)幾雙旅游鞋吧！

59 、Ab, $12.99 is such a splurge for wine.─── 小艾 12.99買(mǎi)紅酒太浪費了

60 、Housing sales are still well below their levels in the boom years, and given the uncertain economy and rising unemployment, Chinese consumers aren't likely to splurge this year.───中國住房銷(xiāo)量仍然明顯低于住房熱潮時(shí)期的水平，而且考慮到經(jīng)濟前景不明朗，失業(yè)人數不斷上升，中國消費者今年不太可能大舉支出。

61 、EXAMPLE: Believing that visitors needed to be impressed, the boss decided to buy extravagantly beautiful furniture for the new office as a splurge.───老板認為，有必要給來(lái)訪(fǎng)者留下深刻印象，所以決定給新辦公室購買(mǎi)特別好看的家具，顯擺一下。

62 、Splurge on manicures and pedicures.───修手腳指甲。

63 、Oh, my darlings like to splurge once in a while.─── 我的寶貝們喜歡過(guò)陣子就揮霍一通

64 、Valentine’s Day was a great chance to splurge, but heck, what about a good round of Easter and Passover presents.───情人節是揮霍下的好機會(huì )，但為什么不弄復活節，逾越節禮物呢？

65 、3. splurge vt. &vi.───亂花(錢(qián))；糟蹋(錢(qián))；

66 、Twice a year, I splurge on an economy shuttle.─── 一年兩次 我把錢(qián)都花在經(jīng)濟飛梭上了

67 、splurge it───[美]生活奢華, 任意揮霍

68 、Still, the Gulf's splurge might be better spent if governments were doing even less of the splurging.───但是，如果政府的炫耀性建設再少一些的話(huà)，這種炫耀會(huì )是更好的消費。

69 、Billionaires swarmed into Nice to splurge millions during the summer holidays.───暑期休假時(shí),億萬(wàn)富翁們群趨尼斯揮霍了百萬(wàn)巨款。

70 、And tens of millions of less well-heeled consumers routinely splurge on high-end products.───那么,千百萬(wàn)自備消費者日常揮霍高端產(chǎn)品.

71 、Expectant mothers are simultaneously cautioned by doctors to gain no more than 35 pounds and egged on by friends and family to splurge because they're eating for two.───在醫生警告準媽媽們孕期增重不該超過(guò)35磅的同時(shí)，朋友家人卻以準媽媽是在為兩個(gè)人吃東西而鼓動(dòng)她們大吃特吃。

72 、Because you're ruled by luxury-loving Venus, though, it's important for you to make an occasional splurge.───不過(guò)，你也舍得為自己心愛(ài)的玩意花大價(jià)錢(qián)，因此在買(mǎi)它時(shí)比比價(jià)格再做決定。

73 、How about you, George? I'm all for it myself. We're free this afternoon. Let's really splurge.───你認為怎么樣，喬治？我非常贊成。我們今天下午沒(méi)事。讓我們喝個(gè)痛快。

74 、In addition, saving up a whole week's alcohol quota for a weekend splurge is not recommended, both for the large load of calories added and for the negative health and social impact.───另外，考慮到大量熱量的積累和對健康及社會(huì )會(huì )造成負面影響，也不贊成把一周的酒精配額攢到周末一次性攝入。

75 、Taking a pedicab there is my weekly splurge.─── 坐三輪去那兒是我每周一次的揮霍

76 、So it must splurge now.───因此，必須現在鞏固優(yōu)勢。

77 、There are three things that can't be wasted, body, money and love. You splurge them and get more kicks than halfpence;───有三樣東西不能浪費：身體，金錢(qián)和愛(ài)情。妳若肆意揮霍，則會(huì )得不償失！

78 、So far, the American rich and the trading-up crowd are in no mood to splurge for high-price, high-visibility status goods.───迄今為止，美國有錢(qián)人和上層社會(huì )還沒(méi)什么心思炫耀昭示身份的高價(jià)奢侈品。

79 、I'm all for it myself. We're free this afternoon. Let's really splurge.───我非常贊成喝點(diǎn)酒，今天下午我們都沒(méi)事，我們就喝個(gè)痛快吧。

80 、I had a splurge and bought two new suits.───我大手大腳花了一筆錢(qián)買(mǎi)了兩套新衣服。

81 、Blithely rolling over unpayable debts is not the hallmark of a healthy banking system. China has not got to grips with its last lending splurge, let alone this one.───輕率地將無(wú)力償還的債務(wù)展期，并非健康銀行體系的標志。中國連上一次大舉放貸遺留的問(wèn)題都沒(méi)有解決，更別提今年的大舉放貸了。

82 、Sure you may splurge here and there to celebrate your newfound financial milestone, but it won’t be over the top.───的確你可能在這個(gè)地方揮霍在另外的地方為新形成的財政轉折點(diǎn)而慶祝，但是不可能超越這個(gè)頂點(diǎn)。

83 、splurge on───v. 揮霍, 浪費

84 、Managers may also have learned a lesson from the investment splurge of the 1990s.───經(jīng)理人們還有可能是在上世紀90年代投資燒錢(qián)熱中學(xué)到了教訓。

85 、In only two nations (hint: red wine and the Riviera) did most people vote to splurge.───只有在兩個(gè)國家（提示：紅葡萄酒和里維埃拉），最多的人選擇用于揮霍。

86 、Enjoying simple but inexpensive pleasures like nature walks and museums can quell the urge to splurge.───享受簡(jiǎn)單的廉價(jià)的快樂(lè )如簡(jiǎn)單的散步和參觀(guān)博物館就是治愈你壞毛病的良方。

87 、Secondly, show China and show Beijing to righthearted, sincere foreigners objectively. Neither splurge something seriously, nor conceal something deliberately.───其次，更好地、更客觀(guān)地向正直的國際友人展現中國，展現北京。沒(méi)必要刻意炫耀什么，也沒(méi)必要遮遮掩掩。

88 、Today, a mocha malt Frappuccino is my favorite splurge .───如今，法布奇諾是我的最喜歡的奢侈。

89 、Don't hesitate to splurge on domestic delights that afford long-term pleasure, like expensive cookware, fluffy towels and designer sheets.───別猶豫了，趕緊去買(mǎi)些方便又實(shí)用的家庭必需品吧，炊具、巾和床單都會(huì )給你帶來(lái)快樂(lè )。

90 、Everything I splurge on in my life comes back to bite me.───我這輩子揮霍過(guò)的每樣東西都曾改頭換面后來(lái)向我尋仇。

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How the one-child policy changed Chinese  nuptials .

nuptials必須帶著(zhù)s，上周我們整理的The Good Wife追劇筆記中也有出現Nuptials的變體：prenuptial婚前發(fā)生的，也經(jīng)?？吹交榍皡f(xié)議的簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)pre-nup。

OVERSIZE cupids in pink, furry  outfits  hand out heart-shaped balloons with “I Do” written on them (in English) at a wedding -themed  trade fair in Beijing. Vendors offer romantic  photo-shoots  of couples under water or at a racetrack, personalised wedding cigarettes, and biscuits with names such as “Date & Fate”. An emphasis on love is a new addition to Chinese weddings—and  shines a pink-filtered spotlight on social change.

第一句話(huà)中，outfit特指在特殊場(chǎng)合中穿的全套服裝，做及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，注意介詞搭配：outfit sb./sth. In/with sth. 為……搭配全套裝備/服裝。

-themed這個(gè)構詞，以……為主題的，比如a Hawaiian-themed party夏威夷主題的聚會(huì )，themed hotels主題酒店。

photo-shoot 跟photograph不太一樣的地方在于，它是更加專(zhuān)業(yè)的攝影，而且通常是給名人麻豆拍的攝影。

最后一句可以get到一個(gè)很好用的寫(xiě)作詞組：shine a spotlight on sth，將…置于聚光燈下，可以引申為聚焦于…、關(guān)注…，比如 Campaigners say it's helped to shine a spotlight on the violent consequences of the trade in illicit diamonds. 社會(huì )運動(dòng)人士認為，此次事件有助人們聚焦非法鉆石交易帶來(lái)的暴力犯罪后果。

For centuries, marriage in China was about ensuring heirs for the groom's family. Ceremonies centred on the groom's  kin : couples  kowtowed  to the man's parents but the woman's relatives were absent. Unusually, both the groom's and the bride's family exchanged money or goods. The more money changed hands, the more opulent  the wedding.

第一句話(huà)可以完完整整套用到有關(guān)愛(ài)情與婚姻或者中國傳統家庭觀(guān)念等相關(guān)話(huà)題的寫(xiě)作中：For centuries, marriage in China was about ensuring heirs for the groom's family. 幾百年來(lái)，結婚在中國意味著(zhù)確保新郎家的香火延續。

heir [eər] ，注意沒(méi)有h的音，繼承人，后嗣，就是國人說(shuō)的香火。 

kin統稱(chēng)家屬，親屬，加上后綴-ship，kinship，則可表示親情或親密的感情。

kowtow 這個(gè)詞應該是從中文音譯過(guò)去的，扣頭，很自然地聯(lián)想到卑躬屈膝、馬首是瞻的樣子，所以可以引申為順從巴結，比如如果你看不慣辦公室里的馬屁精戲精，你可以在心里默默diss：See how stupidly they kow-tow to persons higher in the hierarchy. 瞧他們對上級唯命是從的樣子是多么的愚蠢?？?，kowtow這個(gè)詞更多用于貶義。

最后一句關(guān)注這個(gè)詞opulent [ˈɒpjʊlənt]極富有的，闊綽的，這句話(huà)是說(shuō)，轉手的彩禮錢(qián)越多，婚禮越奢華。

After it  came to power  in 1949, the Communist Party  imposed frugality .  Dowries consisted of necessities like  bed linen  or a bicycle; guests brought their own  food coupons .  But since the 1980s the extravagance of nuptials has matched the country's rise. Celebrations moved out of homes into hotels. Brides  swapped traditional red dresses  for  white,  flouncy meringue-like  ones (some now wear both, in sequence).

Come to power，也可以用rise to power，當權執政。

中文里常說(shuō)提倡勤儉節約，第一句就提供了表達impose frugality，動(dòng)詞也可以用practice.

接下來(lái)的幾個(gè)名詞比較中國特色，dowry嫁妝，bed linen床單枕套，food coupon就是粑粑麻麻小時(shí)候國家發(fā)行的糧票啦。

But since the 1980s the extravagance of nuptials has matched the country's rise.這句話(huà)寫(xiě)得很簡(jiǎn)潔，主要是match一詞用得不錯。從字面來(lái)看，婚禮的鋪張趕上了國家的興盛。那也就是體現一個(gè)前因后果，國家富裕了之后，婚禮也開(kāi)始鋪張浪費大操大辦起來(lái)。

注意到?jīng)]有，這句話(huà)還有frugality的反義詞extravagance。

最后一句話(huà)注意swap sth for sth，把……換成……，下次用這個(gè)詞組替換replace。

女生愛(ài)穿的荷葉邊衣服，荷葉邊怎么說(shuō)？Flounce，荷葉邊的裙子穿上身之后，走起路來(lái)裙擺就一抖一抖的，所以也有那么一點(diǎn)盛氣凌人的感覺(jué)。flounce做動(dòng)詞就有了這么一個(gè)意思，怒氣沖沖的走路，flounce out of the room氣呼呼地走出了房間，可以聯(lián)想著(zhù)記憶。

meringue蛋白酥，meringue-like 像蛋白酥的一樣的，這個(gè)構詞法跟前面提到的-themed是一樣的。 

A large industry has emerged to serve the 13m couples who marry each year. Wedding planners are increasingly common, particularly in cities. A decade ago Cosmo Bride, an American-owned lifestyle magazine, launched a Chinese-language edition in China. An average wedding cost $12,000 in 2011 (the latest year for which such data exist)— the equivalent of  more than two years' income for the average urban  household . An increase in the average marriage age by 2.5 years since 1990 has given parents (who still usually pay for weddings, despite the earning power of their children) more time to save up.

equivalent等同物，等價(jià)物，the equivalent 就是12,000 dollars的同位語(yǔ)，Be the equivalent of 堪比，相當于，等同于，無(wú)異于。

普通城市家庭，the average urban household，household與family的區別如下：

作名詞時(shí)，family常見(jiàn)的意義有“家庭”、“家屬”、“子女”、“家族”。要特別注意的是，如果有人說(shuō)I have a family. 不是說(shuō)“我結婚了”，亦不是“我成家了”，而是“我有孩子了”。比如：She has the sole responsibility for a large family. 她要獨自承擔撫養一大群子女的責任。

而family 作形容詞時(shí)，意思為“老少咸宜的”（designed to be suitable for children as well as adults），比如：a family newspaper全家人/成年人和未成年人都能看的報紙。

Household意思為 a house and its occupants regarded as a unit。盡管很多時(shí)候household也翻譯成“家庭”、“一家人”，但是要注意這里它和family的區別在于：

household包含的是住在一起的人，可以是親屬，也可以不是親屬，比如傭人、管家或者其他成員，有點(diǎn)類(lèi)似我們國家說(shuō)的“戶(hù)口”、“戶(hù)”的含義，比如我國人口普查報告中有一個(gè)概念“家庭戶(hù)”，官方提供的譯文是 family household。而在這一層面上，family只是指有血緣關(guān)系的家庭。

最后一句，save up 和save同義，儲蓄，save up for sth.為了……而存錢(qián)。

The change in wedding  frippery  also reflects a fundamental shift in society. For the first time in the history of Chinese family life, the child—rather than ancestors or parents—is regarded as the centre of the family, says Yan Yunxiang of the University of California, Los Angeles. Most  newly-weds  now are single children, born since the one-child policy was introduced more than 30 years ago. Parents have more to spend if they only have to  fork out for  one wedding (they usually share costs with the spouse-to-be's family).

第一句frippery [ˈfrɪpəri]，多余無(wú)用的東西，花哨的裝飾品，也可以指艷俗的服裝或裝飾物。

For the first time in the history/in one’s life...放在句首，強調the first time，比如For the first time in years the U.S airline industry is in terrific shape.

newly-weds，s要跟著(zhù)，新婚夫婦，〔一對〕新人

最后一句fork out (for sth)，fork out sth (for/on sth) 大量花錢(qián)，大把掏錢(qián)，而且通常是不情愿的?？梢院蜕弦欢蔚膕ave up合在一起記憶。比如：forked out a small fortune on education在教育上花了不少錢(qián)。

同樣表示花了不少錢(qián)的表達還有:

Shell out: 付 (一大筆錢(qián))，比如：You won't have to shell out a fortune for it. 你將不必為它花一大筆錢(qián)。

Pour into: 大量投入〔金錢(qián)〕于〔某事物〕，比如They’ve poured thousands of pounds into developing the business. 他們已經(jīng)投入幾千英鎊開(kāi)發(fā)這項業(yè)務(wù)。

Splurge: 亂花錢(qián)，揮霍，splurge (sth) on sth，比如Within a couple of months, I’d splurged about £2,500 on clothes.就在幾個(gè)月時(shí)間里，我買(mǎi)衣服花掉了 2,500 英鎊。

Splash out on sth.:大肆揮霍(金錢(qián))

William Jankowiak of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, who has  documented relationships in China for 30 years, says love plays a larger part in young people's lives—both in choice of partner and in their relationships with parents. Love is far more often spoken about. The result is evident in weddings, which now focus on the couple. Both sets of parents are represented, but their position is  peripheral. Weddings often  feature  a day of wedding photos, shot before the event, with the couple in a range of outfits  against romantic backgrounds , but with no family members.

第一句的document是及物動(dòng)詞，記錄，記載，比如The effects of smoking have been well documented.有關(guān)吸煙的影響記錄翔實(shí)。

Both sets of parents are represented, but their position is peripheral.雙方父母，both sets of parents。雙方父母都會(huì )出席，但只是peripheral次要的；附帶，比如peripheral and boring information.無(wú)關(guān)緊要的無(wú)聊信息。父母只是婚禮上的陪襯。

feature 以…為特色，是…的特征，翻譯的時(shí)候可以說(shuō)，具有……的特點(diǎn)，……的特點(diǎn)是……，或者簡(jiǎn)單地翻譯成通?！?，比如文中這句話(huà)：Weddings often feature a day of wedding photos, shot before the event婚禮現場(chǎng)當天通常飾以在此前拍攝的婚紗照。

Weddings often feature a day of wedding photos, shot before the event, with the couple in a range of outfits against romantic backgrounds, but with no family members. 婚禮現場(chǎng)當天通常飾以在此前拍攝的婚紗照，在浪漫的背景下，夫妻穿上一系列服裝拍攝婚紗照，但沒(méi)有家庭成員參與其中。

這句話(huà)也可以直接記下來(lái)，用于描述中國式的婚禮，口語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作兩相宜

against the background, against a background of sth以…為背景。

如何發(fā)音

英語(yǔ)是拼音文字，所有的詞匯都是由26個(gè)字母拼出來(lái)的，而在成千上萬(wàn)的不同拼法中，基本發(fā)音因素卻只有39-47個(gè)，這說(shuō)明26個(gè)字母與基本音素間是有著(zhù)一定的關(guān)聯(lián)的。

但是，英語(yǔ)是屬于比較深奧的拼音文字，也就是說(shuō)26個(gè)字母與基本音素之間沒(méi)有一對一的對應關(guān)系，而是一對多和多對一的復雜關(guān)系，這對學(xué)習英語(yǔ)詞匯的發(fā)音和拼寫(xiě)無(wú)疑增加了難度。盡管如此，人們還是總結出了很多發(fā)音規律，這些規律對于絕大多數英文詞匯都是適用的，這就是自然拼音法。英文的26個(gè)字母，分為元音和輔音，其中元音只有5個(gè)，即a，e，i，o，u，其余字母均為輔音。對于大多數輔音來(lái)說(shuō)，它們的發(fā)音是一對一的，而有少數幾個(gè)輔音字母，每個(gè)字母有兩個(gè)或以上的發(fā)音。

1

字母與發(fā)音一一對應的輔音

b -- ball

d -- dog

f -- fish

h -- hat

j -- jump

k -- kite

l -- leg

m -- man

n -- not

p -- pen

q – quick

r -- run

s -- sun

t -- ten

v -- vest

w -- water

z -- zoo

（注意q與u總是連在一起的）

2

有多個(gè)發(fā)音的輔音：

字母 發(fā)音 例詞

c字母c后面接a，o，u的時(shí)候，c的發(fā)音與字母k發(fā)音相同，叫做“hard c sound”cat, cap, call, coat, cup

當字母c后面接e，i，或y的時(shí)候，通常c的發(fā)音與字母s發(fā)音相同，叫做“soft c sound”city, ice, rice, face, cell, cent,voice, pencil, juice

有時(shí)在e或i前面，c會(huì )發(fā)/sh/音ocean, racial, social

g字母g后面接a，o，u的時(shí)候，所發(fā)的音叫做“hard g sound” girl, gas, get,give, go

當字母g后面接e，i，或y的時(shí)候，有時(shí)g的發(fā)音與字母j的發(fā)音相同，叫做“軟g音”age,change, ginger, Egypt, gentle, giraffe, badge

特例：forget, give, girl中的g發(fā)hard sound

xx在單詞中間或結尾時(shí)發(fā)/ks/音box, next, mix, six,fox

x在單詞中間時(shí)有時(shí)發(fā)/gz/音exit, exam, exact

x在單詞起始位置時(shí)發(fā)/z/音xylophone, xerox

yy在單詞起始位置時(shí)發(fā)音為輔音yes, you, yard, year, yell

y在單詞或音節中間或結尾時(shí)被當做元音

y在結尾，單詞只有一個(gè)音節時(shí)y發(fā)長(cháng)/i/音，

y在結尾，單詞有兩個(gè)或以上音節時(shí)y發(fā)長(cháng)/e/音

y在單詞或音節中間時(shí)，發(fā)短/i/音小測試：my, cry, fly, sky

3

輔音字母組合

輔音字母組合的發(fā)音很簡(jiǎn)單，就是把每個(gè)輔音字母的發(fā)音連在一起就可以了。之所以要把它們單獨列出來(lái)，一個(gè)重要的原因就是，每個(gè)輔音字母組合是作為一個(gè)整體來(lái)看待的，在劃分音節的時(shí)候是不能把這些輔音字母組合分開(kāi)的。音節的劃分對于一個(gè)單詞的讀音至關(guān)重要，我們所學(xué)的自然拼音法發(fā)音規律，其實(shí)都是針對單個(gè)音節的，對于多音節的單詞來(lái)說(shuō)，要先把單詞劃分為一個(gè)一個(gè)的音節，然后再對每個(gè)音節應用自然拼音法發(fā)音規律。音節的劃分規律在后面我們會(huì )講述，目前只需要熟記這些字母組合，以備后用。

字母組合 例詞：

帶有l的字母組合bl black,blame, bless, blue, blast

cl --clock,class, clap, clue, close

fl --flag,fly, flat, flash, flower

gl --glass,glad, glide, glue, globe

pl --plate,plane, place, plus, plan

sl --sled,sleep, slow, slide, slim

帶有r的字母組合br --bridge,break, brave, brown, bread

cr --crab,crack, crop, crown, creek

dr --dress,drag, drink, drive, drop

fr --frog,fresh, free, from, front

gr --grape,grade, grass, grin, grunt

pr --press,pride, price, print, proof

tr --truck,track, true, train, tree

帶有s的字母組合sc --scale,scar, score, scare, scuff

sk --skate,skip, skill, skull, skin

sm --smoke,smile, smog, smell, smear

sn --snake,snap, snore, snow, snug

sp --spoon,spin, spot, spell, sport

st --stop,stack, stay, step, still

sw --swim,swell, swing, sweet, swift

tw --twig,tweet, twist, twin, twine

三字母組合shr --shrink,shred, shrill, shrimp, shrub

spl --splash,split, splice, splint, splurge

spr --spread,spring, spree, sprain, spray

squ --square,squad, squirrel, squat, squeak

str --string,strip, straw, stream, street

thr --throw,three, throne, thrift, thrill

在結尾的字母組合ck（只發(fā)一個(gè)/k/音） --duck, pack, quick, luck, rock

ld --cold,gold, held, mild, bald

lk --milk,silk, elk, sulk, skulk

mp --lamp,damp, champ, hump, dump

nch --inch,ranch, lunch, bench, crunch

nd --hand,kind, bend, stand, mind

ng（這個(gè)音比較特別，是舌頭抵住上顎后方所發(fā)出的鼻音）--ring, long, sing, wing, lung

nk --sink,bank, trunk, pink, ink

nt --tent,ant, hunt, sent, mint

sh --fish,rash, brush, wish, trash

st --vest,last, test, list, lost

4

復合字母構成的單音

簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō)，consonant digraph就是兩個(gè)（或三個(gè)）輔音字母在一起只發(fā)一個(gè)音，通常指以下四種組合：ch（tch），sh，wh和th。

ch和sh的發(fā)音有點(diǎn)類(lèi)似中文“吃”和“濕”發(fā)音的前半部分，比如下列例詞：chair，check，shoe，shop。

wh的發(fā)音可能會(huì )比較令人混淆，不同的歷史時(shí)期，不同地方的人wh的發(fā)音會(huì )有一些不同。但現在在美式發(fā)音里，公認的說(shuō)法是，一般來(lái)說(shuō)wh與/w/發(fā)音相同，但在o前面發(fā)/h/音，比如when，what，whale，who，whole。

th的發(fā)音則需要一些記憶力了，在下面這些常用詞里，th發(fā)濁音（舌尖在上下牙齒中間，聲帶需要振動(dòng)，聲音從牙齒和舌頭之間的縫隙里出來(lái)）：they, them-, their, theirs, the, this, that, these, those, then-,than, though, thus, there-（注意，如果一個(gè)單詞后面帶有小橫線(xiàn)，就是指以這個(gè)單詞開(kāi)始的所有單詞，比如them-包括there，therefore，thereafter等）。其它以th開(kāi)始的單詞基本上都發(fā)清音（舌尖在上下牙齒中間，聲音從牙齒和舌頭之間的縫隙里出來(lái)，但是聲帶不振動(dòng)），比如think，thank，thirty等。

不發(fā)音的輔音字母（Silent Consonants）

在有些輔音字母組合中，其中一個(gè)字母是不發(fā)音的，該組合所發(fā)的音與發(fā)音的那個(gè)輔音字母所發(fā)音相同。下面列出了這些組合：

字母組合 不發(fā)音字母 例詞

gh h ghost,ghetto, ghastly

gn g gnat,gnarl, gnaw, gnome, sign

kn k knife,knit, know, knock, knee

mb b comb, lamb,thumb, dumb, climb

pn p pneumonia

ps p psalm,psychic, psychology

rh h rhinoceros,rhyme, rhythm

sc c scissors,scent, scene, scenery, scenario

wr w wrong,wrist, wrap, wretch, wrench

gh gh light,high, eight, sigh, night

5

元音概述

我將對元音的發(fā)音作詳細講解。英語(yǔ)里元音的發(fā)音比較復雜，每個(gè)元音都可以發(fā)多個(gè)音，掌握了元音的發(fā)音規律才能對整個(gè)單詞的發(fā)音有比較準確的掌握。想學(xué)習更多英語(yǔ)知識，請關(guān)注口袋英語(yǔ)aikoudaiyy

元音概述（The Basics About Vowels）

常說(shuō)的元音字母有五個(gè)：a，e，i，o，u，另外y在一個(gè)單詞的中間或結尾時(shí)也被當做元音。

每個(gè)單詞里都包含有至少一個(gè)元音。

每個(gè)單詞的每個(gè)音節里都包含有至少一個(gè)元音。

元音是單詞的“最強音”。元音所發(fā)的音取決于該元音在單詞中的位置或它是如何與其它元音組合的。

一般來(lái)說(shuō)，除了以下幾種情況外，元音都發(fā)短音：

1. 該元音是元音字母組合的一部分

2. 該元音后面有字母r

3. 該元音在一個(gè)單詞或重讀音節的結尾

4. 單詞以字母e結尾

5. 該元音是元音規則的特例

6

短元音

短元音 例詞

A a-------------- ant, and, cat, fast, map

E e-------------- egg, net, let, bed, tent

I i---------------- inch, bit, stick, pin, pig

O o-------------- ox, hot, top, not, got

U u-------------- up, bus, sum, cup, mud

Y y（在單詞中部，發(fā)短i音）------------pyramid, lynx, typical, bicycle, symbol

7

長(cháng)元音

如果一個(gè)單詞以字母e結尾，前面的元音發(fā)長(cháng)音（magic e）。

如果一個(gè)元音是在一個(gè)單詞或重讀音節的結尾，該元音也發(fā)長(cháng)音，

所謂長(cháng)音就是該元音字母的名字，如A的長(cháng)音發(fā)音為/ei/。

當一個(gè)單詞或音節里只有一個(gè)元音時(shí)，該元音發(fā)短音，

而當這個(gè)單詞或音節后面加上字母e，剛才的元音就發(fā)長(cháng)音了，而字母e只起到讓前面的元音發(fā)長(cháng)音的作用，自己是不發(fā)音的。

例如：can，其中的a發(fā)短音，如果結尾加上e，變?yōu)閏ane，元音a就發(fā)長(cháng)音了，而e不發(fā)音，我們管字母e叫做magic e。下面的例詞都是屬于這類(lèi)的：

game, safe, make, gate, whale

Pete, complete, athlete

nine, side, mile, kite, nice

note, rose, globe, those, bone

cube, rule, June, mute, dune（注意元音u的長(cháng)音聽(tīng)上去有兩種，一種就是字母u的名字，另一種則類(lèi)似漢語(yǔ)拼音u的發(fā)音，因為有些輔音與u在一起發(fā)不出字母u的音，就以漢語(yǔ)拼音u的音來(lái)代替，比如rule。）

當元音在單詞或重讀音節結尾時(shí)，該元音發(fā)長(cháng)音，例如：paper, be, she, legal, fiber,piano, open, future, human等等

注意Y在單詞的結尾時(shí)被當作元音來(lái)使用，

當單詞只有一個(gè)音節時(shí)，Y與元音I的長(cháng)音發(fā)音相同，例如：cry, try, by, my。

當單詞有兩個(gè)或以上音節時(shí)，Y在單詞結尾與元音E的長(cháng)音發(fā)音相同，例如：puppy, baby,candy, city, sorry等。

上節講到，當一個(gè)單詞或音節里只有一個(gè)元音時(shí)，該元音發(fā)短音，而當這個(gè)單詞或音節后面加上字母e，剛才的元音就發(fā)長(cháng)音了，而字母e只起到讓前面的元音發(fā)長(cháng)音的作用，自己是不發(fā)音的。這個(gè)規律可以擴展到復合元音字母的情況，當一個(gè)單詞或音節里有兩個(gè)元音時(shí)，通常第一個(gè)元音發(fā)長(cháng)音，第二個(gè)元音不發(fā)音。例如：

ai, ay發(fā)長(cháng)A音，如sail, fail, day, say等。

ea, ee, 發(fā)長(cháng)E音，如 meal, tea, need,feed等。

ie 發(fā)長(cháng)I音，如 tie, lie, pie等。

oa, oe 發(fā)長(cháng)O音，如 load, coat, toe等。

ue, ui 發(fā)長(cháng)U音，如glue, suit, blue,fruit等。但是，有一些不規則情況使得phonics的規則變得復雜起來(lái)，這也正是學(xué)習英語(yǔ)單詞有挑戰性的地方。在一些特殊情況下，單詞里只有一個(gè)元音的時(shí)候，該元音是發(fā)長(cháng)音的，如：

i后面接gh, gn, ld, 或nd時(shí)，i發(fā)長(cháng)音，如sign, high, child, kind等。

o后面接ld, st時(shí)，o有時(shí)發(fā)長(cháng)音，如cold, gold, most,host等，但接st時(shí)有時(shí)還是發(fā)短音的，如lost, cost.

有些復合元音字母也不遵循上述長(cháng)音規律，見(jiàn)下表：

字母組合 所發(fā)音 例詞

ea短e head, bread, heavy, dead, ready

ei 長(cháng)a eight, veil, neigh, weight, freight

oo 長(cháng)u（類(lèi)似漢語(yǔ)拼音的u） moon, zoo, school, pool, tool

oo 短u（類(lèi)似漢語(yǔ)拼音的u） book, look, wood, foot, cookie

eu 長(cháng)u euro, feud, eulogy, sleuth, pneumonia

ew 長(cháng)u chew, new, few, stew, blew

ie 長(cháng)e yield, chief, relief, believe, puppies

ey 長(cháng)e monkey, money, honey, hockey, volley

學(xué)習phonics，除了要熟記各種規則外，還應多讀，多練，才能把各種不規則發(fā)音牢記在心，靈活運用。

8

雙元音

雙元音Diphthong與上節所述的復合元音字母構成的單音（digraph）的區別在于，diphthong是兩個(gè)元音在一起所發(fā)的音是兩個(gè)元音音素組合在一起的，所以聽(tīng)上去有兩個(gè)音，盡管這兩個(gè)音并不是兩個(gè)元音所單獨發(fā)出的，而digraph是兩個(gè)元音在一起，但是只發(fā)一個(gè)單音。把什么元音組合劃歸為雙元音有著(zhù)不同的說(shuō)法，一般來(lái)說(shuō)下面兩種發(fā)音肯定是雙元音：

1、 oi, oy組合，把O 和I 的短音組合在一起連貫發(fā)出來(lái)，比如coin, voice, toy, boy等。

2、 ou, ow組合，發(fā)音時(shí)先發(fā)類(lèi)似漢語(yǔ)拼音ao的音，然后末尾再加上短促的類(lèi)似漢語(yǔ)拼音u的音，例如house, found, owl, now等。帶有r的元音（R-controlled Vowels）

元音字母與r結合起來(lái)，會(huì )發(fā)全新的音，見(jiàn)下表：

組合 所發(fā)音 例詞

ar字母r的名字 car, marble, far, large, party

or/or/ fork, or, for, core, more, pork

/er/ worm, word, world, doctor, neighbor

er, ir, ur /er/nurse, girl, ever, sir, purple

特殊元音（Special Vowel Sounds）

字母或組合 所發(fā)音 例詞

awpaw, law, raw, saw, dawn

allball, call, fall, mall, tall

auhaul, taught, caught, sauce

oucough, bought, brought, thought

o（后面接ng的時(shí)候）song, long,strong, wrong

“broadsound”,比短o音嘴型要小，發(fā)音時(shí)間長(cháng)

a, e, i, o, u非重讀音（schwa sound），當一個(gè)元音在非重讀音節里時(shí)，有時(shí)會(huì )發(fā)此類(lèi)音，非常類(lèi)似漢語(yǔ)拼音里的e，但發(fā)音很輕。about, elephant, banana, machine, confuse

ce, ci, si, ti在同一個(gè)音節里這些字母組合后面接另外一個(gè)元音時(shí)，發(fā)/sh/音ocean, special, mission, nation, delicious, magician

io后面接字母n時(shí)，i發(fā)y音onion, billion, opinion, stallion

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