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unconfirmed是什么意思,unconfirmed中文翻譯,unconfirmed發(fā)音、用法及例句

2025-06-19 投稿

unconfirmed是什么意思,unconfirmed中文翻譯,unconfirmed發(fā)音、用法及例句

?unconfirmed

unconfirmed發(fā)音

英:[??nk?n?f?:md]  美:[??nk?n?f?:rmd]

英:  美:

unconfirmed中文意思翻譯

adj.未最后認可的, 未證實(shí)的

unconfirmed同義詞

invalid | unsubstantiated | unproven | unofficial | unendorsed | uncorroborated | hearsay | unsupervised | unverified | unsupported

unconfirmed反義詞

confirmed

unconfirmed常見(jiàn)例句

1 、One unconfirmed account says fighting began when a group of Sunnis confronted Shi'ites and accused them of tearing up a sacred Sunni flag.───未經(jīng)證實(shí)的消息說(shuō),發(fā)生沖突是因為一群遜尼派穆斯林當面指責什葉派穆斯林撕毀了一面神圣的遜尼派旗幟。

2 、Unconfirmed reports said one end of China's foreign exchange reserves is lower than the end of last year, and the possible decline in 2000 are on record monthly high.───未經(jīng)證實(shí)的消息稱(chēng),1月末中國外匯儲備低于去年末,且降幅可能是2000年有記錄以來(lái)的月度新高。

3 、Still Unconfirmed Features dynamic weather effects (i. E. Sudden rain during the match) Swiss and Turkish leagues included PC version probably to feature NextGen graphic engine───還沒(méi)有證實(shí)的消息比賽中變化的天氣瑞士和土耳其聯(lián)賽包括PC版采用下一代引擎!(這點(diǎn)是本人最期待的了)

4 、We have unconfirmed reports that there has been a terrorist attack.─── 小道消息稱(chēng) 這里遭遇了恐怖襲擊

5 、Unconfirmed reports,rumours,etc.of a coup───有關(guān)政變的未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報道、謠傳等.

6 、There were also unconfirmed reports of cases at Ernst and Young, an accounting firm in Times Square, and at Teachers College at Columbia University.───還有未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報道的案件在安永會(huì )計師事務(wù)所,會(huì )計師事務(wù)所在時(shí)代廣場(chǎng),在師范學(xué)院,哥倫比亞大學(xué)。

7 、however, it was all unconfirmed information until a Kramaerican Photo reconnaissance satellite passed overhead.───然而,這些也僅僅只是由烏克蘭上空掠過(guò)的卡拉馬愛(ài)瑞的偵察衛星拍下的無(wú)法證實(shí)的圖片。

8 、While we are as anxious as you for the teaser trailer, please note that all of this is very much unconfirmed, and should remain firmly in the RUMOR category the time being.───盡管我們和大家一樣焦急地等待著(zhù)有關(guān)消息,但是請記住上述消息非常不確定,目前只能作為傳聞。

9 、An unconfirmed report───未證實(shí)的報導

10 、We have unconfirmed reports of disaster at Raccoon City.───關(guān)于浣熊市事故的報告

11 、Other unconfirmed reports said the assailants included members of a militia known as the Village Guards, who have helped government troops fight Kurdish separatist rebels in recent years.───其他一些未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報道稱(chēng),這些武裝分子包括一個(gè)民兵組織“村莊護衛兵”的一些成員,近幾年這些人協(xié)助政府軍打擊庫爾德分裂分子。

12 、Unconfirmed site collections can also be deleted automatically.───未確認的網(wǎng)站集也可被自動(dòng)刪除。

13 、unconfirmed reports, rumours, etc of a coup───有關(guān)政變的未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報道﹑ 謠傳等.

14 、Zhou Jianqiang Title: unconfirmed Organization: General Director of China-Canada Agriculture Science Cooperating Item, Canada MoA International Cooperating Department───周堅強題目:未確定機構:加拿大農業(yè)部國際合作局中加農業(yè)科學(xué)合作項目主管

15 、irrevocable and unconfirmed credit───不保兌、不可撤銷(xiāo)的信用證

16 、There were unconfirmed reports that the rebel army was advancing on the town.───據未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報告說(shuō), 叛軍正向市區推進(jìn)。

17 、An unconfirmed source adds that Chen Xiaoxu has been following the Buddhist life credo for seven years.───小道消息稱(chēng),陳曉旭已遵守佛教的清規戒律達七年之久。

18 、According to unconfirmed information, leasing is not in accordance with the "strokes, shooting, hanging," pay provisions.───而據未經(jīng)證實(shí)的消息,其出讓金并未按照“招、拍、掛”的規定交納。

19 、There is unconfirmed report that our agent has been arrested.───未確認的報告說(shuō),我們**人已被逮捕。

20 、Unconfirmed reports said the Russian pilot of the plane may have been attempting an emergency landing after facing engine problems, shortly after takeoff.───未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報道稱(chēng),飛機起飛后不久引擎發(fā)生故障,飛機上的俄羅斯飛行員曾試圖緊急迫降。

21 、There are unconfirmed reports of injuries.───現在傷亡情況還不明確。

22 、A small number of Panthers, probably five, and probably G models, was sold to Hungary in 1944, while a single Panther was apparently sold to Sweden in 1943, though this is unconfirmed.───在1944年還有少數的黑豹,可能是五輛G型,被賣(mài)給匈牙利,在1943年很明顯還有一輛黑豹是被賣(mài)給了瑞典,但是都無(wú)法確定。

23 、That attempt may be working: despite unconfirmed reports that Syria was calling up its reserves, no firm promise of military retaliation has come.───此舉或勉能為之:雖敘國征召預備隊之報道未得證實(shí),亦未聞敘軍正告有報復之諾。

24 、An unconfirmed report in today’s South China Morning Post claims that blacks will be "secretly" banned from bars in Beijing’s Sanlitun entertainment area for the duration of the Olympics.───七月十八日的香港南華早報報導,在奧運期間將會(huì )有不明文規定,禁止黑人進(jìn)入位于北京三里屯娛樂(lè )區的酒吧。

25 、Unconfirmed sightings suggest that the Death Eaters may now be using Inferi (see page 10). Any sighting of an Inferius, or encounter with same, should be reported to the Ministry IMMEDIATELY.───未經(jīng)證實(shí)的消息說(shuō),食死徒現在可能使用陰尸(見(jiàn)第10頁(yè))。若看見(jiàn)或遭遇陰尸,請立刻向魔法部報告。

26 、unconfirmed reports───未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報道

27 、Because of the multiped walking character, multi-legged walking robots own obvious priorities in motion and working under unstructured and unconfirmed environment comparing to wheeled robots.───相對于輪式機器人而言,多足步行機器人在非結構化環(huán)境中具有明顯的優(yōu)勢。

28 、unconfirmed offer───虛盤(pán)

29 、But that's unconfirmed until I open him up.─── 但是我得解剖之后才能確認

30 、service unconfirmed───服務(wù)被否決

31 、It's a bunch of conspiracy theories and unconfirmed gossip.─── 都是些陰謀論與未經(jīng)證實(shí)的謠言

32 、Unconfirmed word is that BMW is experimenting with a larger shooting brake/ wagon variant for the 1 so that American customers who demand more space can be easily accommodated.───未經(jīng)證實(shí)的話(huà)是,寶馬正在試驗更大的拍攝剎車(chē)/旅行車(chē)變異為1,因此誰(shuí)是美國客戶(hù)的需求更多的空間可以輕松容納.

33 、unconfirmed information───未經(jīng)證實(shí)的消息

34 、Reverts to its unconfirmed state, and───將恢復為其未確認時(shí)的狀態(tài),而且

35 、Unconfirmed reports suggest that a merger between two major State-owned enterprises is under investigation.───未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報道表明兩家大型國有企業(yè)間的合并正處于調查階段。

36 、Confirmed and unconfirmed documentary credit───保兌信用證和未保兌信用證

37 、Many supposed risk factors, for example alcohol consumption, smoking and caffeine intake, remain controersial or unconfirmed.───很多推測的危險因素,如酒精消費、吸煙及咖啡攝入,尚存爭議及不確定因素。

38 、Unconfirmed reports say she is in an irreversible coma.─── 未經(jīng)證實(shí)消息稱(chēng) 歌手陷入了不可逆性昏迷

39 、Unconfirmed report that seasonal flu vaccine in Ukraine is contaminated with life bird flu virus.───未經(jīng)證實(shí)消息:烏克蘭季節性流感疫苗被生命烏病毒污染。

40 、liver cancer and rhinopharyngocele whose pathogeny have been unconfirmed need to research further by the geochemical method on the basis of information known.───作為流行病的肝癌和鼻咽癌的病因尚未探明,需要在前人研究的基礎上,開(kāi)展環(huán)境地球化學(xué)、醫學(xué)地質(zhì)學(xué)和多元統計分析等多學(xué)科方法的綜合研究。

41 、Other than that, rest everything is unconfirmed.───其他的任何消息都是臆測。

42 、The rumors, however, are unconfirmed at the time of publication of this report.───不過(guò),該傳聞到本稿發(fā)布之時(shí)還沒(méi)有得到證實(shí)。

43 、revocable unconfirmed banker rs credit───可撤銷(xiāo)的銀行未保兌信用證, 可撤銷(xiāo)無(wú)保兌銀行信用證

44 、"Apparently there were unconfirmed reports of looting taking place but once our teams got down to the dockside they were able to see that there was some mistake.───”很明顯有很多未被證實(shí)的關(guān)于搶劫的新聞?wù)诼祜w,但我們的隊伍在到達前線(xiàn)去探明情況后,發(fā)現并不是那么回事。

45 、As the frequently used grey model,GM(1,1) is particularly available to such random unconfirmed issue like traffic accident forecasting.───GM(1,1)模型是最常用的一種灰色模型,尤其適合于交通事故預測“小樣本”的隨機不確定問(wèn)題。

46 、unconfirmed irrevocable credit───[經(jīng)] 未確認不可撤銷(xiāo)信用證

47 、Unconfirmed reports said that at least six people had been killed.───未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報道稱(chēng)至少有六人喪生。

48 、Analysis and Definition of the Direct Current Single Armed Bridge Assay Device's Unconfirmed Degree───直流單臂電橋檢定裝置不確定度的分析與表示

49 、There were even unconfirmed accounts of marmots attacking people.───甚至有未經(jīng)證實(shí)的土撥鼠攻擊人的報告。

50 、There are unconfirmed reports of a shooting in the capital.───有未經(jīng)證實(shí)的傳言說(shuō)在首都發(fā)生了**擊事件。

51 、We have an unconfirmed report that resuscitation efforts may have failed.─── 我們收到未經(jīng)證實(shí)的消息稱(chēng) 搶救行動(dòng)可能已經(jīng)失敗了

52 、The products function has grown more complicated, and a lot of unconfirmed factors exist in the development of new products.───現今的產(chǎn)品功能愈來(lái)愈復雜,在新產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中,存在著(zhù)許多不確定的因素。

53 、Records in the literature of this species occurring further west in the Himalayas remain unconfirmed and are here considered dubious.───文獻中本種的記錄還出現在更西面的喜瑪拉雅山脈,這存留未證實(shí)和在這里被認為是可疑的。

54 、Unconfirmed L/C───不保兌的信用證

55 、There have also been unconfirmed reports of numerous arrests of Uighur activists in the cities of Kashgar and Gulja.───而一些無(wú)法確認來(lái)源的消息則稱(chēng)有維吾爾族起事者在喀什葛爾和古爾加遭到逮捕。

56 、While unconfirmed, a reactionary approach would fit into Apple's business model.───雖然未經(jīng)證實(shí),但是音樂(lè )廠(chǎng)商可能會(huì )采用蘋(píng)果的商業(yè)模型。

57 、There are unconfirmed reports that it's in the trunk.─── 未經(jīng)證實(shí)的消息說(shuō)錢(qián)在后備箱

58 、One unconfirmed report says that at least one police vehicle has been set on fire.───另有一個(gè)未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報告說(shuō),至少有一輛警車(chē)被燒。

59 、Under which specific condition that a confirmed credit may become unconfirmed for the full amount without the consent of the beneficiary?───在哪些特定情況下,已保兌信用狀未經(jīng)受益人同意,其全部金額將變成未保兌?

60 、According to unconfirmed information, the reporter may have been killed in the fighting.───據未經(jīng)確認的消息,該記者可能在戰斗中被打死。

61 、McMahon.Still, he said he has no way to know whether the storage tanks will become full soon, despite some 'unconfirmed reports' they had.───不過(guò),他說(shuō),他無(wú)從知道這些儲存罐是否很快就會(huì )充滿(mǎn),盡管有未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報告做出了這樣的預測。

62 、...their nationalities still unconfirmed, have been transported to area hospitals for treatment.─── 國籍尚未確認 已被送至就近的醫院接受治療

63 、Unconfirmed sightings suggest that the Death Eaters may now be using Inferi───未經(jīng)證實(shí)的目擊消息說(shuō),食死徒現在可能使用陰尸

64 、Results Among 17 autopsies of newborn,clinical diagnosis accorded with pathologic results in 5 cases,incorrect antemortem diagnosis were 9 cases,unconfirmed clinical diagnoses were 3 cases .───結果36例小兒尸檢中,新生兒尸檢17例,臨床診斷基本符合5例,臨床診斷不符9例,待診3例;28天-2歲12例,臨床診斷基本符合9例,臨床診斷不符1例,待診2例;

65 、Do not copy unchecked user input into a buffer, or allow unconfirmed size parameters to define the range of data being copied.───不要將未檢查的用戶(hù)輸入復制到緩沖區中,也不要允許未經(jīng)確認的大小參數定義復制的數據范圍。

66 、unconfirmed rumours───未證實(shí)的傳言

67 、unconfirmed letter of credit───不保兌信用證未確認信用狀

68 、It remains unconfirmed whether leader Kim Jong Il, believed to be recovering from a stroke, is actually in control of the country.───目前還無(wú)法證實(shí)據信在中風(fēng)后恢復階段的北韓**金正日是否在親自掌權。

69 、Today around 1600 Unconfirmed russian forces/ships enterd georgian port of oti, open fire on 3 georgian navy vessels, set them on fire and left.───今天(應該是13日)下午4點(diǎn)左右,未經(jīng)證實(shí)的俄國武力/艦船進(jìn)入格魯吉亞波季港,向三艘格魯吉亞海軍船只開(kāi)火,使它們起火焚燒,隨后離開(kāi)。

70 、Unconfirmed thyroid cancer of intraoperative frozen-section pathology: strategy and analysis of curative effect───術(shù)中冷凍切片未能確診的甲狀腺癌:對策及療效分析

71 、Irrevocable Unconfirmed L/C───不可撤消不保兌的信用證

72 、An unconfirmed source reports that Andy Lau will get married this year.───小道消息稱(chēng),劉德華今年要結婚。

73 、The strategy shown in the above-mentioned example of the false preset of pragmatics is called "make out something from the void", that is to fabricates an unconfirmed message by the speaker and disposes it as the preset of pragmatics.───上例中體現的虛假語(yǔ)用預設策略是“無(wú)中生有”,也就是發(fā)話(huà)者杜撰一個(gè)不能肯定其真假性的信息做語(yǔ)用預設。

74 、But, at the moment I'm posting it is all unconfirmed rumors.───但是, 此刻我正在張貼它全都是未被證實(shí)的謠言。

75 、Also, an unconfirmed report that military vehicles have entered the airport.─── 據不確切的消息稱(chēng) 戰斗機也開(kāi)赴了機場(chǎng)

76 、We have unconfirmed reports this morning that a plane has crashed into one of the towers of the World Trade Center.───據未經(jīng)核實(shí)的報道今晨一架飛機撞上了世貿中心其中一幢大樓。

77 、Unconfirmed reports indicate hundreds have been infected as a result of the outbreak.─── 未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報道顯示 已有數百人因病毒爆發(fā)被感染

78 、revocable unconfirmed banker's credit───可撤銷(xiāo)無(wú)保兌銀行信用證可撤銷(xiāo)的銀行未保兌信用證

79 、Unconfirmed reports indicate 15 top reformist leaders, possibly including Mr. Moussavi, are under house arrest.───未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報導說(shuō),15名高級改革派**已經(jīng)被軟禁,其中可能包括穆薩維。

80 、As of December, 13% of outstanding CDS trades were unconfirmed.───到12月為止,13%的已售出的CDS交易未經(jīng)確認。

81 、A missing merchant ship with 15 Russian crew members on board has been spotted off the coast of West Africa, unconfirmed reports say.───未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報道稱(chēng),一艘消失的載有15名俄國船員的商船在西非海域被發(fā)現。

82 、unconfirmed rumors───未經(jīng)證實(shí)的謠傳

83 、We currently have sketchy, unconfirmed reports that up to 78 may have died.───我們目前收到的初步報告說(shuō),喪生的人數可能多達78人,但這一數字還有待確認。

84 、unconfirmed rumour───未經(jīng)證實(shí)的傳聞

85 、unconfirmed reports now and then───不時(shí)傳聞

86 、The motive behind the bombing is unconfirmed, but the result is not.─── 引起爆炸的動(dòng)機還不清楚 但慘劇已經(jīng)發(fā)生

87 、Revocable and unconfirmed credit───不保兌、可撤銷(xiāo)的信用證

88 、That is still unconfirmed whether it is right time to set up exclusive channel for documentary.───向故事片靠攏,紀錄片“故事化”;向娛樂(lè )親近,紀錄片“娛樂(lè )化”;

89 、If the unconfirmed reports are true, it would be the clearest sign yet of China's displeasure with its unruly ally.───如果這些未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報道屬實(shí)的話(huà),這是中國對這個(gè)難以駕馭的盟友發(fā)出的最清晰的不滿(mǎn)信號。

90 、Canada confirmed six cases of mild illnesses on Sunday, and the United States reported 20. Meanwhile, Spain, Israel and New Zealand were investigating possible but unconfirmed cases.───加拿大方面則是證實(shí)了6個(gè)輕微的病例,美國方面則有20例。其他國家則尚未發(fā)現任何病例。

信用證是什么?

信用證(Letter of Credit ,L/C)是指由銀行(開(kāi)證行)依照(申請人的)要求和指示或自己主動(dòng),在符合信用證條款的條件下,憑規定單據向第三者(受益人)或其指定方進(jìn)行付款的書(shū)面文件。即信用證是一種銀行開(kāi)立的有條件的承諾付款的書(shū)面文件。

在國際貿易活動(dòng),買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方可能互不信任,買(mǎi)方擔心預付款后,賣(mài)方不按合同要求發(fā)貨;賣(mài)方也擔心在發(fā)貨或提交貨運單據后買(mǎi)方不付款。因此需要兩家銀行作為買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方的保證人,代為收款交單,以銀行信用代替商業(yè)信用(銀行信用要高于商業(yè)信用)。銀行在這一活動(dòng)中所使用的工具就是信用證。

可見(jiàn),信用證是銀行有條件保證付款的證書(shū),成為國際貿易活動(dòng)中常見(jiàn)的結算方式。按照這種結算方式的一般規定,買(mǎi)方先將貨款交存銀行,由銀行開(kāi)立信用證,通知異地賣(mài)方開(kāi)戶(hù)銀行轉告賣(mài)方,賣(mài)方按合同和信用證規定的條款發(fā)貨,銀行代買(mǎi)方付款。

一是信用證是一項自足文件(self-sufficient instrument)。信用證不依附于買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同,銀行在審單時(shí)強調的是信用證與基礎貿易相分離的書(shū)面形式上的認證;

二是信用證方式是純單據業(yè)務(wù)(pure documentary transaction)。信用證是憑單付款,不以貨物為準。只要單據相符,開(kāi)證行就應無(wú)條件付款;(單單相符,單證相符)

三是開(kāi)證銀行負首要付款責任(primary liabilities for payment)。信用證是一種銀行信用,它是銀行的一種擔保文件,開(kāi)證銀行對支付有首要付款的責任。

信用證的分類(lèi)有很多,粗略來(lái)分可以有以下幾種:

A 根據信用證的單據或者信用證本身的要求來(lái)分:

(1)以信用證項下的匯票是否附有貨運單據劃分為:

跟單信用證及光票信用證。

①跟單信用證(Documentary Credit)是憑跟單匯票或僅憑單據付款的信用證。此處的單據指代表貨物所有權的單據(如海運提單等),或證明貨物已交運的單據(如鐵路運單、航空運單、郵包收據)。UCP600跟單信用證慣例

②光票信用證(Clean Credit)是憑不隨附貨運單據的光票(Clean Draft)付款的信用證。銀行憑光票信用證付款,也可要求受益人附交一些非貨運單據,如發(fā)票、墊款清單等。

在國際貿易的貨款結算中,絕大部分使用跟單信用證。

(2)以開(kāi)證行所負的責任為標準可以分為:

①不可撤銷(xiāo)信用證(Irrevocable L/C)。指信用證一經(jīng)開(kāi)出,在有效期內,未經(jīng)受益人及有關(guān)當事人的同意,開(kāi)證行不能片面修改和撤銷(xiāo),只要受益人提供的單據符合信用證規定,開(kāi)證行必須履行付款義務(wù)。

②可撤銷(xiāo)信用證(Revocable L/C)。開(kāi)證行不必征得受益人或有關(guān)當事人同意有權隨時(shí)撤銷(xiāo)的信用證,應在信用證上注明“可撤銷(xiāo)”字樣。但《UCP500》規定:只要受益人依信用證條款規定已得到了議付、承兌或延期付款保證時(shí),該信用證即不能被撤銷(xiāo)或修改。它還規定,如信用證中未注明是否可撤銷(xiāo), 應視為不可撤銷(xiāo)信用證。

最新的《UCP600》規定銀行不可開(kāi)立可撤銷(xiāo)信用證!(注:常用的都是不可撤銷(xiāo)信用證)

(3)以有無(wú)另一銀行加以保證兌付為依據,可以分為:

①保兌信用證(Confirmed L/C)。指開(kāi)證行開(kāi)出的信用證,由另一銀行保證對符合信用證條款規定的單據履行付款義務(wù)。對信用證加以保兌的銀行,稱(chēng)為保兌行。

②不保兌信用證(Unconfirmed L/C)。開(kāi)證行開(kāi)出的信用證沒(méi)有經(jīng)另一家銀行保兌。

(4)根據付款時(shí)間不同,可以分為

①即期信用證(Sight L/C)。指開(kāi)證行或付款行收到符合信用證條款的跟單匯票或裝運單據后,立即履行付款義務(wù)的信用證。

②遠期信用證(Usance L/C)。指開(kāi)證行或付款行收到信用證的單據時(shí),在規定期限內履行付款義務(wù)的信用證。

③假遠期信用證(Usance Credit Payable at Sight)。信用證規定受益人開(kāi)立遠期匯票,由付款行負責貼現,并規定一切利息和費用由開(kāi)證人承擔。這種信用證對受益人來(lái)講,實(shí)際上仍屬即期收款,在信用證中有“假遠期”(usance L/C payable at sight)條款。

(5)根據受益人對信用證的權利可否轉讓?zhuān)煞譃椋?/p>

①可轉讓信用證(Transferable L/C)。指信用證的受益人(第一受益人)可以要求授權付款、承擔延期付款責任,承兌或議付的銀行(統稱(chēng)“轉讓行”),或當信用證是自由議付時(shí),可以要求信用證**別授權的轉讓銀行,將信用證全部或部分轉讓給一個(gè)或數個(gè)受益人(第二受益人)使用的信用證。開(kāi)證行在信用證中要明確注明“可轉讓”(transferable),且只能轉讓一次。

②不可轉讓信用證。指受益人不能將信用證的權利轉讓給他人的信用證。凡信用證中未注明“可轉讓”,即是不可轉讓信用證。

(6)紅條款信用證。此種信用證可讓開(kāi)證行在收到單證之后,向賣(mài)家提前預付一部分款項。這種信用證常用于制造業(yè)。

B根據信用證的用途來(lái)分

(1)循環(huán)信用證(Revolving L/C)

指信用證被全部或部分使用后,其金額又恢復到原金額,可再次使用,直至達到規定的次數或規定的總金額為止。它通常在分批均勻交貨情況下使用。在按金額循環(huán)的信用證條件下,恢復到原金額的具體做法有:

①自動(dòng)式循環(huán)。每期用完一定金額,不需等待開(kāi)證行的通知,即可自動(dòng)恢復到原金額。

②非自動(dòng)循環(huán)。每期用完一定金額后,必須等待開(kāi)證行通知到達,信用證才能恢復到原金額使用。

③半自動(dòng)循環(huán)。即每次用完一定金額后若干天內,開(kāi)證行未提出停止循環(huán)使用的通知,自第×天起即可自動(dòng)恢復至原金額。

(2)對開(kāi)信用證(Reciprocal L/C)

指兩張信用證申請人互以對方為受益人而開(kāi)立的信用證。兩張信用證的金額相等或大體相等,可同時(shí)互開(kāi),也可先后開(kāi)立。它多用于易貨貿易或來(lái)料加工和補償貿易業(yè)務(wù)。

(3)背對背信用證(Back to Back L/C)

又稱(chēng)轉開(kāi)信用證,指受益人要求原證的通知行或其他銀行以原證為基礎,另開(kāi)一張內容相似的新信用證,對背信用證的開(kāi)證行只能根據不可撤銷(xiāo)信用證來(lái)開(kāi)立。對背信用證的開(kāi)立通常是中間商轉售他人貨物,或兩國不能直接辦理進(jìn)出口貿易時(shí),通過(guò)第三者以此種辦法來(lái)溝通貿易。原信用證的金額(單價(jià))應高于對背信用證的金額(單價(jià)),對背信用證的裝運期應早于原信用證的規定。

(4)預支信用證/打包信用證(Anticipatory credit/Packing credit)

指開(kāi)證行授權代付行(通知行)向受益人預付信用證金額的全部或一部分,由開(kāi)證行保證償還并負擔利息,即開(kāi)證行付款在前,受益人交單在后,與遠期信用證相反。預支信用證憑出口人的光票付款,也有要求受益人附一份負責補交信用證規定單據的說(shuō)明書(shū),當貨運單據交到后,付款行在付給剩余貨款時(shí),將扣除預支貨款的利息。

(5)備用信用證(Standby credit)

又稱(chēng)商業(yè)票據信用證(Commercial paper credit)、擔保信用證。指開(kāi)證行根 據開(kāi)證申請人的請求對受益人開(kāi)立的承諾承擔某項義務(wù)的憑證。即開(kāi)證行保證在開(kāi)證申請人未能履行其義務(wù)時(shí),受益人只要憑備用信用證的規定并提交開(kāi)證人違約證明,即可取得開(kāi)證行的償付。它是銀行信用,對受益人來(lái)說(shuō)是備用于開(kāi)證人違約時(shí),取得補償的一種方式。

開(kāi)證人:指向銀行申請開(kāi)立信用證的人,在信用證中又稱(chēng)開(kāi)證人。義務(wù):根據合同開(kāi)證;向銀行交付比例押金;及時(shí)付款贖單。權利:驗、退贖單;驗、退貨(均以信用證為依據)

說(shuō)明:開(kāi)證申請書(shū)有兩部分即對開(kāi)證行的開(kāi)證申請和對開(kāi)證行的聲明和保證(申明贖單付款前貨物所有權歸銀行;開(kāi)證行及其**行只負單據表面是否合格之責;開(kāi)證行對單據傳遞中的差錯不負責;對“不可抗力”不負責;保證到期付款贖單;保證支付各項費用;開(kāi)證行有權隨時(shí)追加押金;有權決定貨物代辦保險和增加保險級別而費用由開(kāi)證申請人負擔。

受益人:指信用證上所指定的有權使用該證的人,即出口人或實(shí)際供貨人。義務(wù):收到信用證后應及時(shí)與合同核對,不符者盡早要求開(kāi)證行修改或拒絕接受或要求開(kāi)證申請人指示開(kāi)證行修改信用證;如接受則發(fā)貨并通知收貨人,備齊單據在規定時(shí)間向議付行交單議付;對單據的正確性負責,不符時(shí)應執行開(kāi)證行改單指示并仍在信用證規定期限交單。權利:被拒絕修改或修改后仍不符有權在通知對方后單方面撤消合同并拒絕信用證;交單后若開(kāi)證行倒閉或無(wú)理拒付可直接要求開(kāi)證申請人付款;收款前若開(kāi)證申請人破產(chǎn)可停止貨物裝運并自行處理;若開(kāi)證行倒閉時(shí)信用證還未使用可要求開(kāi)證申請人另開(kāi)。

開(kāi)證行:指接受開(kāi)證申請人的委托開(kāi)立信用證的銀行,它承擔保證付款的責任。義務(wù):正確、及時(shí)開(kāi)證;承擔第一性付款責任。權利:收取手續費和押金;拒絕受益人或議付行的不符單據;付款后如開(kāi)證申請人無(wú)力付款贖單時(shí)可處理單、貨;貨不足款可向開(kāi)證申請人追索余額。

通知行:指受開(kāi)證行的委托,將信用證轉交出口人的銀行,它只證明信用證的真實(shí)性,不承擔其他義務(wù),是出口地所在銀行。需要證明信用證的真實(shí)性;轉遞行只負責照轉。

議付銀行:指愿意買(mǎi)入受益人交來(lái)跟單匯票的銀行。根據信用證開(kāi)證行的付款保證和受益人的請求,按信用證規定對受益人交付的跟單匯票墊款或貼現,并向信用證規定的付款行索償的銀行(又稱(chēng)購票行、押匯行和貼現行;一般就是通知行;有限定議付和自由議付)。義務(wù):嚴格審單;墊付或貼現跟單匯票;背批信用證;權利:可議付也可不議付;議付后可處理(貨運)單據;議付后開(kāi)證行倒閉或借口拒付可向受益人追回墊款。

付款銀行:指信用證上指定付款的銀行,在多數情況下,付款行就是開(kāi)證行。對符合信用證的單據向受益人付款的銀行(可以是開(kāi)證行也可受其委托的另家銀行)。有權付款或不付款;一經(jīng)付款,無(wú)權向受益人或匯票持有人追索。

保兌行:受開(kāi)證行委托對信用證以自己名義保證的銀行。加批“保證兌付”;不可撤消的確定承諾;獨立對信用證負責,憑單付款;付款后只能向開(kāi)證行索償;若開(kāi)證行拒付或倒閉,則無(wú)權向受益人和議付行追索。

承兌行:指對受益人提交的匯票進(jìn)行承兌的銀行,亦是付款行。

償付行:指受開(kāi)證行在信用證上的委托,代開(kāi)證行向議付行或付款行清償墊款的銀行(又稱(chēng)清算行)。只付款不審單;只管償付不管退款;不償付時(shí)開(kāi)證行償付。

(1)開(kāi)證申請人根據合同填寫(xiě)開(kāi)證申請書(shū)并交納押金或提供其他保證,請開(kāi)證行開(kāi)證。

(2)開(kāi)證行根據申請書(shū)內容,向受益人開(kāi)出信用證并寄交出口人所在地通知行。

(3)通知行核對印鑒無(wú)誤后,將信用證交受益人。

(4)受益人審核信用證內容與合同規定相符后,按信用證規定裝運貨物、備妥單據并開(kāi)出匯票,在信用證有效期內,送議付行議付。

(5)議付行按信用證條款審核單據無(wú)誤后,把貨款墊付給受益人。

(6)議付行將匯票和貨運單據寄開(kāi)證行或其特定的付款行索償。

(7)開(kāi)證行核對單據無(wú)誤后,付款給議付行。

(8)開(kāi)證行通知開(kāi)證人付款贖單。

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