?interpolated

interpolated發(fā)音

英：['?nt?:p?le?t?d]　　美：['?nt?:p?le?t?d]

英：　　美：

interpolated中文意思翻譯

動(dòng)詞interpolate的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞形式.

adj. 以?xún)?*值替換的

interpolated詞形變化

動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式: interpolated | 動(dòng)詞現在分詞: interpolating | 名詞: interpolation | 動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數: interpolates | 形容詞: interpolative | 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞: interpolated |

interpolated常見(jiàn)例句

1 、Texture image interpolated by the novel model preserves the entire texture pattern;the jaggies in linear structure of texture is smoothed too.───使用雙層約束模型處理紋理圖像可以保持紋理特征，平滑紋理部分線(xiàn)形特征位置的塊狀效應。

2 、Interpol International Criminal Police Organization───國際刑事警察組織

3 、Implementation of Raised-Cosine Roll-Off Pulse Shaping Interpolated Filter Based on FPGA───升余弦滾降基帶成型內**濾波器的FPGA實(shí)現

4 、Interpol agent Jack Valentine could not be bought.───國際刑警杰克。瓦倫丁就無(wú)法收買(mǎi)，

5 、Adaptability of Different Interpolated Curves to Displacement-Based Method in Analysis of Structural Reliability───不同擬合曲線(xiàn)對結構可靠度分析位移方法的適應性

6 、In order to improve the quality of the interpolated image and enhance the resolution of it, a novel regularized image interpolation algorithm based on genetic algorithm is proposed in this paper.───為了提高**值圖像的質(zhì)量和增強圖像的分辨率 ,首次提出了一種基于遺傳算法的正則化圖像**值方法。

7 、Hunt:You heard about Scotland Yard?Interpol?Interstate Authority? I can make them all go away.───亨特：你聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)蘇格蘭場(chǎng)、國際刑警和州際警察署嗎？他們統統都沒(méi)法跟我比。

8 、interpolated data and speech transmission───內**數據與語(yǔ)言傳輸

9 、Differentiated and Interpolated of two-way orthogonal square wave by software───兩路方波的軟件四細分辨向

10 、In addition, the statistical moments in frequency domain were chosen as features to classify the original and the interpolated audio signals.───另外還提出了用頻譜統計矩作為特征的方法，使統計分類(lèi)穩定有效。

11 、Interpol already has your father and I have you.─── 國際刑警已經(jīng)抓到了你父親 我抓到了你

12 、Interpol have searched all the corners of the earth for the elusive hijackers.───國際刑警組織已在世界各地搜查在逃的飛機劫持者。

13 、interpolated array transform───內**陣列變換

14 、In January this year, we joined hands with the Interpol to organise the ICAC-Interpol Conference, attracting over 500 delegates from 61 jurisdictions and eight international organisations.───今年一月,我們與國際刑警在香港聯(lián)合主辦國際反貪會(huì )議,有超過(guò)500位代表參加,他們分別來(lái)自61個(gè)司法管轄區及八個(gè)國際組織。

15 、Finally, we use a iterative method to interpolated reconstruct the high resolution images.───在圖象配準的基礎上，我們利用一個(gè)迭代的散亂點(diǎn)**值方法來(lái)重構高分辨率圖象。

16 、Joining forces with Scotland Yard and Interpol, Alex fights his way through a torrent of false leads, impersonators, and foreign agents before he gets close to the heart of the crimes.───在蘇格蘭場(chǎng)和國際刑警的配合下，亞歷克斯在潮水般的錯誤線(xiàn)索中、在不斷與冒名頂替者和外國探員打交道的過(guò)程中一路過(guò)關(guān)斬將，查清了罪惡的根源。

17 、Created in 1923 to support police cooperation among 186 countries, Interpol, The international Criminal Police Organization, provides a means of communication for police around the world.───創(chuàng )建于1923年，旨在協(xié)助186個(gè)國家的警員合作，國際刑警組織，這個(gè)國際（打擊）罪犯警察組織，提供了一種為全世界警察交流的方式。

18 、Well, interpol has a yellow notice on her.─── 國際刑警已經(jīng)發(fā)布了她的*通報

19 、Your group is on the list of Interpol.─── 你的組織上了國際刑警的追查名單

20 、It reported to the International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) immediately and assisted with the investigation.───克羅地亞警方隨即通報國際刑警組織，并配合各國警方展開(kāi)跟蹤調查。

21 、I listen to Interpol, Radiohead, Beatles, Nirvana.───聽(tīng)向國際刑警組織，收音機，披頭士，涅槃。

22 、Whether the image should be interpolated on zoom or not. This leads to better quality but is somewhat slower than non interpolated images.───08當縮放圖片時(shí)是否使用內**法處理。這樣品質(zhì)會(huì )較佳，但顯示時(shí)會(huì )比不使用內**法的來(lái)得慢。

23 、Double-quoted strings don't recognize escaped single quotes, but they do recognize interpolated variables and the escape sequences shown in Table 1-1.───雙引號字符串不識別轉移單引號，但識別如表1-1所示的可變**值和轉義序列。

24 、Tell him to meet me at the interpol office.─── 讓他去國際刑警辦事處找我

25 、Interpol has been giving threat assessments to the Chinese authorities and conducting training sessions in crisis and major event operations.───國際刑警已給與中國官方威脅評估,并就危機及重要事件操作進(jìn)行了訓練。

26 、Agent 47 manages to escape, but leaves his things behind, which are examined by the Interpol.───**47設法逃脫，但他留下的東西背后，這是審查國際刑警組織。

27 、Luca... Interpol is all over what happened there.─── 盧卡... 國際刑警到處**手這件事了

28 、To accomplish this scaling, the image could be upsampled (“interpolated”) by a factor of Y, filtered to eliminate aliasing, and then downsampled (“decimated”) by a factor of X.───為了達到這一目標，圖像可以Y為因數進(jìn)行上采樣（“**值”），通過(guò)濾波以防止混疊，然后以比例因子為X進(jìn)行下采樣（“抽樣濾波”）。

29 、Interpol is all over what's going on there.─── 國際刑警到處**手這件事了

30 、Interpol says, norwegian police was 2006 in the computer hard disk of a man the photograph that discovers a large number of children are encroached by the gender.───國際刑警組織說(shuō)，挪威警方2006年在一名男子的電腦硬盤(pán)中發(fā)現大量?jì)和庑郧址傅恼掌?/p>

31 、Interpol DNA MEG is the main reference source for DNA unit,which recommends guidelines on DNA sampling and evidence collection,DNA databasing,quality assurance,and training,etc.───DNA專(zhuān)家組是DNA組的主要咨詢(xún)機構,負責推薦DNA采樣和證據采集、DNA數據庫、質(zhì)量控制、DNA技術(shù)培訓等方面的指導原則。

32 、The end result of the analysis can be derivative information, interpolated information or prioritized information.───分析的結束結果可能是被竄改數據或優(yōu)先數據的引出的數據。

33 、TMS320C64x DSP Video Port/VCXO Interpolated Control (VIC) Port Reference Guider[R].───岡薩雷斯(美)等.數字圖像處理(第二版)[M]阮秋琦,等譯.北京:電子工業(yè)出版社,2004.

34 、He said the police before his career is nothing to understand, this experience, he wanted to be a policeman, a Huang uncles the same as Interpol.───他說(shuō)，之前他對警察這個(gè)職業(yè)沒(méi)什么了解，這次經(jīng)歷之后，他想當一名警察，一名像黃叔叔一樣的刑警。

35 、No match in our system or Interpol's.─── 我們和國際刑警的系統里都找不到

36 、An interpolated subrule keeps its own inner $/, so its parentheses never count toward the outer rules groupings. (In other words, parenthesis numbering is always lexically scoped.───內**的子規則將保留它內部的變量$/，所以它的圓括號計數不會(huì )和外層的規則有關(guān)。（換句話(huà)說(shuō)：括號數量的計算也是有域的限制的。）

37 、In complex adaptive systems you simply can't rely on interpolated functions.───在復雜的適應性系統中，你根本不可能依賴(lài)**值函數來(lái)判斷系統的行為。

38 、interpolated data and speech transmissio───內**數據與話(huà)音傳輸

39 、International DNA users conference and regional DNA training is also organized under the umbrella of the Interpol DNA unit.───國際刑警組織還定期召開(kāi)國際DNA用戶(hù)大會(huì ),開(kāi)展地區性DNA技術(shù)培訓,以促進(jìn)DNA技術(shù)的普及、應用和發(fā)展。

40 、All the while he eludes the grasp of Interpol Agent Jack Valentine (very good Ethan Hawke), by keeping three steps ahead.Predictably Yuri's world comes crashing in upon him.───同時(shí)他還通過(guò)各種手段巧妙地和抓捕他的國際刑警杰克瓦倫丁警官進(jìn)行周旋，并且每次都能成功擺脫困境。

41 、Another one is the optical resolution and interpolated resolution, which the camera’s software system through the mathematical calculations to enhance the resolution of the camera.───另外還有一個(gè)就是光學(xué)分辨率和**值分辨率，即相機的軟件系統通過(guò)數學(xué)運算提升的相機的分辨率。

42 、Wanted by Interpol: Homosexual Pedophile John E.───Hamilton 3 個(gè)新帖 （共 3 個(gè)） Dave U.

43 、interpolated second-order polynomials───內**二階多項式

44 、The idea of interpolated filtering is realized with a cascade of an FIR and an interpolated FIR (IFIR) filter, and with a tap-weight overlapping method.───內**濾波是由一個(gè)有限脈沖響應(FIR)濾波器、一個(gè)內**有限脈沖響應濾波(IFIR)與一種將述兩個(gè)濾波器系數重疊的方法串聯(lián)實(shí)作而成。

45 、Interpol Secretary General Ronald Noble praised China's security preparations for the Olympics, when he opened the police organization's Asian meeting in Hong Kong, Monday.───國際刑警組織秘書(shū)長(cháng)諾布爾星期一在香港亞洲地區會(huì )議上致開(kāi)幕詞時(shí)，稱(chēng)贊中國對奧運會(huì )進(jìn)行的安全準備工作。

46 、Many lines have been interpolated into the manuscript at a later date.───不少字句是后來(lái)添寫(xiě)進(jìn)原手稿中去的。

47 、Pan Wen, Qian Yushou, Zhou E.Power harmonies measurement based on windows and interpolated FFT(1) Study of Windows[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 1994, (1): 50-54.───[4]潘文,錢(qián)俞壽,周鶚.基于加窗**值FFT的電力諧波測量理論-窗函數研究電工技術(shù)學(xué)報,1994,(1):50-54.

48 、The estimation of electrical harmonic parameters by using the quasi-synchronization and interpolated FFT are introduced.───介紹了加窗**值法和準同步法在電力系統諧波參數估計中的應用。

49 、He has since expanded his dragnet, tapping the network of agents and informers he cultivated during his previous role as an Interpol agent.───他充分利用各種資源，動(dòng)用了之前在擔任國際刑警組織探員時(shí)建立起來(lái)的探員和線(xiàn)人網(wǎng)。

50 、An interpolated hash matches the longest possible key of the hash as a literal, or fails if no key matches. (A "" key will match anywhere, provided no longer key matches.───一個(gè)內**的哈希表按照字面意義匹配最長(cháng)可能的鍵，如果沒(méi)有鍵匹配就失敗。（一個(gè)""鍵將會(huì )匹配到任何地方，不再有鍵匹配的時(shí)候就使用它。）

51 、On any given night, all across Europe, Interpol officials could pinpoint exactly who was sleeping where.───之所以這樣，國際刑警的干員才能在全歐境內的酒店中精確的查出當晚是誰(shuí)又是在哪里安歇的。

52 、'Go as a skivvy,' Joe interpolated laconically.───佛瑞德.亨利不肯善罷甘休。

53 、Backreferences (e.g. 1) are gone; $1 can be used instead, because variables are no longer interpolated.───反向引用（比如1）也不用了；使用$1來(lái)代替，因為變量不能再內**了。

54 、Cosin-window and interpolated FFT───加窗**值FFT

55 、The interpolated filtering scheme can effectively reduce the computational complexity while inherits all the numerical stability advantages of the conventional FIR filter.───內**濾波方法可有效的降低計算復雜度同時(shí)保有傳統有限脈沖響應濾波器的數值穩定性?xún)?yōu)點(diǎn)與性能。

56 、In the core normalization,the logging curves are interpolated with this technique so that the vertical resolution of the logging curves is identical with core sample size.───在巖心歸位中,用該方法對測井曲線(xiàn)作**值處理,使測井曲線(xiàn)的縱向分辨率與采樣巖心尺寸一致,然后進(jìn)行相關(guān)分析。

57 、interpolated second-order polynomial filter───ISOP濾波器

58 、THE ERROR ESTIMATES FOR APPROXIMATING PARAMETRIC SURFACE BY INTERPOLATED PLANE TRIANGULAR PATCH───參數曲面用**值三角平面片逼近的誤差估計

59 、Interpol clearly has no idea who they're dealing with.─── 國際刑警組織很顯然不知道他們的對手是何等人物

60 、The head of the world's largest police organization, Interpol, says he is satisfied with China's security preparations for the Beijing Olympics.───國際刑警組織負責人說(shuō)，他對北京奧運會(huì )的安全準備工作感到滿(mǎn)意。

61 、Interpol from the Zhou had served prison out of Zhou's fingerprint records than the right, and Cho-bottle on the fingerprint match.───刑警從周某曾服刑的監獄調出周某的指紋記錄比對，與趙某家酒瓶上的指紋相符。

62 、Interpol, international criminal police organization───國際警察組織, 國際刑警組織

63 、Cant (superelevation) is now interpolated between blocks to give a smoother ride.───在每個(gè)模塊之間，已**入斜面（超高度），使路線(xiàn)變得順滑。

64 、The seismic wavelets in well location were interpolated according to the inverse distance in the first method.───其中反距離內**法是直接按照距離內**井旁子波；

65 、The more lines you make, the more accurate the resulting interpolated curve will be.───你制作越多的線(xiàn)段,**入的曲線(xiàn)就將得到一個(gè)越精確的結果。

66 、Urban-Effect Correction to Improve Accuracy of Spatially Interpolated Temperature Estimates in Korea.───國空間**值溫度估計改進(jìn)準確性的城市效應訂正。

67 、Based on these techniques, the dispersed test velocity data are interpolated by the distance-weighted least square method and nerve network method is applied to error correction.───在此基礎上，運用距離加權最小二乘法對離散實(shí)驗數據進(jìn)行網(wǎng)格化**補，并運用神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò )模型概念對**補流速值進(jìn)行誤差判別和修補。

68 、The =>operator provides a literal constructor (a special notation) that makesit easier to express the list of key interpolated values or object properties.───=>操作符提供了一個(gè)結構，來(lái)簡(jiǎn)單的描述一系列的關(guān)鍵**入值和對象屬性。

69 、interpolated piezoelectric accelerometer───內裝式壓電加速度計

70 、Interpol Chief Calls on Nations to Share Passport Data───國際刑警組織秘書(shū)長(cháng)呼吁各國共享護照數據

71 、Any interpolated names [Art. 6] are not counted as components of a binomen.───任何**入其間的名稱(chēng)[第6條]不算作一個(gè)二名式名稱(chēng)的組成部分。

72 、In the new CNC system, not only linear or arc but also splines can be interpolated.───在該系統中不但具有直線(xiàn)和圓弧**補功能,而且還具有樣條曲線(xiàn)**補功能。

73 、Churches, lawyers and families are planning to take action against an expanding cult led by a former Moonie who is on Interpol's international wanted list for sexually abusing female followers.───(教會(huì )、律師和家庭計畫(huà)對由一位被國際刑警組織以性侵犯女信徒而通緝的前統一教信徒所領(lǐng)導的一個(gè)快速擴張的邪教采取行動(dòng)。

74 、Not to the carabinieri and not to Interpol.─── 不能討好憲兵隊 也不能討好國際刑警組織

75 、window-added and interpolated FFT───加窗和**值FFT

76 、Interpol Search hereby expressly disclaims any and all warranties, express or implied, including the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose and shall not be liable for any claims or liabilities related to such search results.───華生**社因此在這里聲明如下：任何的和全部的保證，表達和暗示包括為某個(gè)特別目的適用的保證，并且不應對任何要求負責，或者關(guān)聯(lián)到這些查詢(xún)結果的責任.

77 、They warn Interpol that the criminal may be disguised as women.───他們提醒國際刑警組織，罪犯可能是男扮女裝或假扮成女人。

78 、DNA unit of Interpol provides technical support to enhance member states DNA capacity and promote widespread use in the international law enforcement environment.───國際刑警組織為了對各成員國的DNA檢驗工作提供技術(shù)支持,促進(jìn)DNA技術(shù)的廣泛應用,設立了DNA組。

79 、an elaborate,ornamental melodic flourish interpolated into an aria or other vocal piece───加入詠嘆調或其它聲樂(lè )作品中精心安排的，起裝飾作用的旋律

80 、Interpol is on Agent 47's trail, but they clash with Yuri, who doesn't want to do things quite the same way.───國際刑警組織是在47的線(xiàn)索，但他們與俄羅斯的沖突，誰(shuí)不想要做的事情非常相同的方式。

81 、The masses of onlookers, to see how just this, "Interpol" and some are uncomfortable at the end of the high vigilance of the people to immediately report to the police station.───圍觀(guān)的群眾，怎么看眼前這個(gè)“刑警”都有些別扭，最終，警惕性較高的群眾立即向派出所報案。

82 、One of the main themes of this year's Interpol Asia conference is the tracing and apprehending of child-sex offenders in the region.───今年國際刑警組織亞洲地區會(huì )議的主題之一是搜尋并逮捕亞洲地區的兒童性犯罪分子。

83 、It is a key target for computer-aided cartography that interpolated contour from DEM, also is principal application for DEM.───從數字高程模型內**等高線(xiàn)一直是計算機地圖制圖的基本任務(wù)之一，也是數字高程模型最重要的應用之一。

84 、hanning-windowed interpolated FFT───加窗**值FFT法

85 、Mannen every occasion, he burned the shop owner hijacked the female, and the police and confrontation, Interpol captain decisively to replace the female boss as hostages.───萬(wàn)念俱焚之際，他劫持了小賣(mài)部的女老板，并和警方對峙，刑警隊長(cháng)果斷地替換了女老板作為人質(zhì)。

86 、Interpol Agent Louis Salinger and Manhattan Assistant District Attorney Eleanor Whitman are determined to bring to justice one of the world's most powerful banks.───你把你的錢(qián)交給銀行，但你有想過(guò)，他們把你的錢(qián)拿去做什麼用途嗎？

87 、Sim was arrested in an Interpol operation in Singapore on July 6 and sent back to Malaysia, where he has been remanded for 60 days, the paper said.───7月6日，沈昌邁在新加坡一場(chǎng)國際刑警組織的行動(dòng)中被捕，隨后被遣返馬來(lái)西亞，他的還押候審期為60天，該報說(shuō)。

88 、In order to generate rectangle field grids, Non-uniform B-Spline curve was constructed and interpolated on scanning line data points, then it was sampled uniformly.───為了生成矩形域網(wǎng)格，構造**值于掃描線(xiàn)上數據點(diǎn)的非均勻B樣條曲線(xiàn)，再對其均勻采樣，以保證曲面**值精度。

89 、I called Interpol hoping I could bring you in.─── 我給國際刑警打了**想帶你到局里

90 、Improve on traditional interpolated algorithm in CNC system - arc cutting method───CNC系統中傳統**補法的改進(jìn)-弧度分割法

關(guān)于水泥的中英文對照文章

International best practice values of energy consumption for cement production

For the international best practices at each stage of production, data were gathered from public literature sources, plants, and vendors of equipment. These data and calculations are described below.

--Raw materials and fuel preparation

Energy used in preparing the raw material consists of preblending (prehomogenization and proportioning), crushing, grinding and drying (if necessary) the raw meal which is mostly limestone. All materials are then homogenized before entering the kiln. Solid fuels input to the kiln must also be crushed, ground, and dried. Best practice for raw materials preparation is based on the use of a longitudinal preblending store with either bridge scraper or bucket wheel reclaimer or a circular preblending store with bridge scraper reclaimer for preblending (prehomogenization and proportioning) at 0.5 kWh/t raw meal, a gyratory crusher at 0.38 kWh/t raw meal, an integrated vertical roller mill system with four grinding rollers and a high-efficiency separator at 11.45 kWh/t raw meal for grinding, and a gravity (multi-outlet silo) dry system at 0.10 kWh/t raw meal for homogenization. Based on the above values, the overall best practice value for raw materials preparation is 12.05 kWh/t raw material. Ideally this value should take into account the differences in moisture content of the raw materials as well as the hardness of the limestone. Higher moisture content requires more energy for drying and harder limestone requires more crushing and grinding energy. If drying is required, best practice is to install a preheater to dry the raw materials, which decreases the efficiency of the kiln. For BEST Cement, it is assumed that pre-heating of wet raw materials is negligible and does not decrease the efficiency of the kiln.

Solid fuel preparation also depends on the moisture content of the fuel. It is assumed that only coal needs to be dried and ground and that the energy required for drying or grinding of other materials is insignificant or unnecessary. Best practice is to use the waste heat from the kiln system, for example, the clinker cooler (if available) to dry the coal. Best practice using an MPS vertical roller mill is 10-36 kWh/t anthracite, 6-12 kWh/t pit coal, 8-19 kWh/t lignite, and 7-17 kWh/t petcoke or using a bowl mill is 10-18 kWh/t product. Based on the above, it is assumed that best practice for solid fuel preparation is 10 kWh/t product.

--Additives preparation

In addition to clinker, some plants use additives in the final cement product. While this reduces the most energy intensive stage of production (clinker making), as well as the carbonation process which produces additional CO2 as a product of the reaction, some additives require additional electricity for blending and grinding (such as fly ash, slags and pozzolans) and/or additional fuel for drying (such as blast furnace and other slags).

Additional requirements from use of additives are based on the differences between blending and grinding Portland cement (5% additives) and other types of cement (up to 65% additives). Portland Cement typically requires about 55 kWh/t for clinker grinding, while fly ash cement (with 25% fly ash) typically requires 60 kWh/t and blast furnace slag cement (with 65% slag) 80 kWh/t (these are typical grinding numbers only used to determine the additional grinding energy required by additives, not best practice; for best practice refer to data below in cement grinding section). It is assumed that only fly ash, blast furnace and other slags and natural pozzolans need additional energy. Based on the data above, fly ash will require an additional 20 kWh/t of fly ash and slags will require an additional 38 kWh/t of slag. It is assumed that natural pozzolans have requirements similar to fly ash. These data are used to calculate cement grinding requirements. For additives which are dried, best practice requires 0.75 GJ/t (26 kgce/t) of additive. Generally, only blast furnace and other slags are dried. Those additives that need to be dried (the default is all slags, although the user can enter this data as well in the production input sheet) best practice requires an additional 0.75 GJ/t (26 kgce/t) of additive.

--Kiln

Clinker production can be split into the electricity required to run the machinery, including the fans, the kiln drive, the cooler and the transport of materials to the top of the preheater tower (“kiln preheaters” and “cooler system”), and the fuel needed to dry, to calcine and to clinkerize the raw materials (“precalcination”, if applicable, and the “kiln”). Best practice for clinker making mechanical requirements is estimated to be 22.5 kWh/t clinker, while fuel use has been reported as low as 2.85 GJ/t (97.3 kgce/t) clinker.

Final grinding

Best practice for cement grinding depends on the cement being produced, measured as fineness or Blaine (cm2/g). In 1997, it was reported that the Horomill required 25 kWh/tonne of cement for 3200 Blaine and 30 kWh/tonne cement for 4000 Blaine. We make the following assumptions regarding Chinese cement types: 325 = a Blaine of less than or equal to 3200; 425 = a Blaine of approximately 3500; 525 = a Blaine of about 4000; and, 625 = a Blaine of approximately 4200. More recent estimates of Horomill energy consumption range between 16 and 19 kWh/tonne. We used best practice values for the Horomill for 3200 and 4000 Blaine and interpolated and extrapolated values based on an assumed linear distribution for 3500 and 4200 Blaine. We estimated lowest quality cement requires 16 kWh/tonne and that 3500 Blaine is 8% more than 3200 Blaine (17.3 kWh/tonne), 4000 Blaine is 20% more than 3200 Blaine (19.2 kWh/tonne), and 4200 Blaine is 24% more than 3200 Blaine (19.8 kWh/tonne). We then used these values to estimate the values of other types of cement, based on more or less grinding that would be needed for any additives. We assumed common Portland cement grinding required similar energy as pure Portland cement, that blended slag and fly ash cements were on average, 65% slag and 35% fly ash, that grinding pozzolans required similar energy as grinding slags (at a similar ratio of 65%) and that limestone cement contained 5% extra limestone with grinding requirements similar to grinding slag.

--Other production energy uses

Some cement facilities have quarries on-site, and those generally use both trucks and conveyors to move raw materials. If applicable to the cement facility, quarrying is estimated to use about 1% of the total electricity at the facility.

Other production energy includes power for auxiliaries and conveyors within the facility. (We have excluded packaging from our analysis). Total power use for auxiliaries is estimated to require about 10 kWh/t of clinker at a cement facility. Power use for conveyors is estimated to require about 1 to 2 kWh/t of cement. Lighting, office equipment, and other miscellaneous electricity uses are estimated to use about 1.2% of the total electricity at the facility.

國際上水泥生產(chǎn)能耗的最佳實(shí)踐值

各個(gè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程的國際最佳實(shí)踐值是根據公開(kāi)發(fā)表的各種文獻資料，以及水泥企業(yè)和設備供應商提供的數據確定的。下面來(lái)介紹這些數據及其計算過(guò)程。

--生料和燃料制備

生料制備的能耗包括生料（主要是石灰石）的預混合（預均化和配料）、破碎、粉磨和烘干（如果需要的話(huà)）。所有物料在入窯之前都要經(jīng)過(guò)充分的均化。入窯的固體燃料也要先經(jīng)過(guò)破碎、粉磨和烘干。生料制備的最佳實(shí)踐值計算依據如下：預混合采用帶橋式刮板式取料機或斗輪式取料機的縱向預均化堆場(chǎng)，或者帶橋式刮板式取料機的環(huán)形預均化堆場(chǎng)（電耗0.5kWh/t生料）；破碎采用轉子破碎機（電耗0.38kWh/t生料）；生料粉磨采用帶高效選粉機和四個(gè)輥子的立磨系統（電耗11.45kWh/t生料）；均化采用重力式（多出口筒倉）烘干系統（電耗0.10kWh/t生料）。綜合以上能耗數值，生料制備的最佳總能耗為12.05kWh/t生料。理論上，該能耗值還應考慮生料水分和石灰石硬度的影響。水分越大則烘干能耗越多，石灰石硬度越高則破碎和粉磨能耗越多。如果原料需要烘干，則最佳的措施是安裝一個(gè)預熱器，雖然它會(huì )降低窯的熱效率?！癇EST Cement”假設烘干濕原料的能耗可以忽略不計，因此沒(méi)有降低窯系統的熱效率。

固體燃料制備的能耗也與燃料的水分有關(guān)?！癇EST Cement”假設只有煤需要烘干和粉磨，其他物料的烘干和粉磨能耗可忽略不計。烘干煤粉的最佳措施是利用窯系統（如熟料冷卻機）的廢熱做烘干熱源。煤粉磨的最佳措施是采用MPS立磨（電耗為10-36kWh/t無(wú)煙煤，6-12kWh/t煙煤，8-19kWh/t褐煤，7-17kWh/t石油焦），或碗磨（電耗為10-18kWh/t產(chǎn)品）。綜合以上能耗數值，燃料制備的最佳總能耗為10kWh/t產(chǎn)品。

--混合材制備

除了熟料以外，一些水泥企業(yè)還在水泥終產(chǎn)品中添加混合材。該措施在減少熟料生產(chǎn)能耗以及CO2排放量的同時(shí)，需要增加混合材的混合與粉磨電耗（如粉煤灰、礦渣和火山灰）以及烘干用的燃料消耗（如高爐礦渣和其他礦渣）。

根據硅酸鹽水泥（5％混合材）和其他類(lèi)型水泥（混合材配比最高達65％）在混合和粉磨方面的差別，添加混合材會(huì )增加額外的電耗。硅酸鹽水泥的熟料粉磨電耗一般為55kWh/t，而粉煤灰水泥（含25％粉煤灰）的粉磨電耗一般為60 kWh/t，高爐礦渣水泥（含65％礦渣）的粉磨電耗一般為80 kWh/t（這些能耗數值是摻加混合材的一般能耗水平，不是最佳能耗水平；最佳能耗水平可參考下文的水泥粉磨部分）?！癇EST Cement”假設只有粉煤灰、高爐礦渣、其它礦渣和天然火山灰需要額外的能耗。綜合以上能耗數值可知，粉煤灰需要的額外電耗為20 kWh/t粉煤灰，礦渣需要的額外電耗為38kWh/t礦渣。天然火山灰的額外電耗假設與粉煤灰相同。這些數據可用于計算水泥粉磨電耗?；旌喜暮娓蔁岷牡淖罴阉绞?.75GJ/t（26kgce/t）混合材。一般情況下，只有高爐礦渣和其他礦渣需要烘干。那些需要烘干的混合材（默認情況是所有礦渣，雖然用戶(hù)可以在生產(chǎn)信息輸入表中輸入該數據）的最佳烘干熱耗為0.75GJ/t（26kgce/t）混合材。

窯系統

熟料生產(chǎn)過(guò)程的能耗可分為驅動(dòng)機械設備（如風(fēng)機、窯的驅動(dòng)裝置、冷卻機和預熱器喂料提升機等）的電耗和烘干物料、煅燒生料的燃料消耗。熟料生產(chǎn)的最佳電耗水平是22.5 kWh/t熟料，最佳燃料消耗水平可低至2.85 GJ/t（97.3kgce/t）熟料。

水泥粉磨

水泥粉磨的最佳電耗水平取決于水泥的細度或比表面積（cm2/g）。1997年，有文獻指出用筒輥磨將水泥粉磨到3200 cm2/g的電耗為25 kWh/t水泥，粉磨到4000 cm2/g的電耗為30 kWh/t水泥 。對于中國的水泥，我們做如下假設：標號為325的水泥的比表面積小于等于3200 cm2/g；標號為425的水泥的比表面積約3500 cm2/g；標號為525的水泥的比表面積約4000m2/g；標號為625的水泥的比表面積約4200 cm2/g。最新的研究認為筒輥磨的能耗范圍是16-19 kWh/t水泥。我們以用筒輥磨將水泥粉磨到比表面積為3200 cm2/g和4000 cm2/g的電耗水平作為相應細度的最佳電耗水平，并根據線(xiàn)性分布假設通過(guò)內**和外**計算出比表面積為3500 cm2/g和4200 cm2/g的最佳電耗水平。我們估算得出比表面積為3200 cm2/g的水泥最佳粉磨電耗為16 kWh/t水泥，比表面積為3500 cm2/g的水泥的最佳粉磨電耗要比3200 cm2/g的水泥高出8％（17.3 kWh/t水泥），4000 cm2/g的水泥的最佳粉磨電耗比3200 cm2/g的水泥高20％（19.2 kWh/t水泥），4200 cm2/g的水泥的最佳粉磨電耗比3200 cm2/g的水泥高24％（19.8 kWh/t水泥）。我們用這些值又估算了其他類(lèi)型水泥的最佳粉磨電耗，估算過(guò)程中考慮了混合材的粉磨電耗。我們假設普通硅酸鹽水泥的粉磨能耗與硅酸鹽水泥相當，礦渣水泥的礦渣含量平均為65％，粉煤灰水泥的粉煤灰含量平均為35％，火山灰的粉磨能耗與礦渣的粉磨能耗相當（摻加量都是65％），并假設含5％額外石灰石的石灰石水泥的粉磨能耗與礦渣粉磨能耗相當。

--其他生產(chǎn)能耗

一些水泥企業(yè)就建在礦山旁，它們一般采用卡車(chē)或皮帶來(lái)運送原料。如果是這樣，則礦山開(kāi)采的能耗約占全廠(chǎng)總能耗的1％。

其他生產(chǎn)能耗還包括廠(chǎng)區內所有輔助設備和輸送設備的動(dòng)力消耗（我們已經(jīng)將水泥包裝過(guò)程的能耗排除在外）。一個(gè)水泥企業(yè)輔助設備的總能耗約為10kWh/t熟料。所有輸送設備的總能耗約為1－2kWh/t水泥。照明、辦公設備和其他各種各樣的電耗約為全廠(chǎng)總電耗的1.2％。

雙三次樣條內**網(wǎng)格化方法軟件的研制開(kāi)發(fā)及應用

郭志宏

（地礦部航空物探遙感中心，北京　100083）

我中心IBM4341計算機硬件設備及軟件系統是1988年從美國引進(jìn)的。這些年來(lái)，該套系統為我中心航空物探數據處理及成圖完成了不少工作，起了很大作用，但同時(shí)也逐漸暴露了其缺點(diǎn)。首先是IBM4341機硬件設備及空調系統占地面積大、耗電量大，同時(shí)需要配備較多的維護人員。另外其所配備的靜電繪圖儀所用的繪圖紙、墨等耗材一直依靠國外進(jìn)口，從而使得在IBM4341機上進(jìn)行航空物探數據處理及成圖工作的成本居高不下。特別是近幾年，隨著(zhù)IBM4341機硬件設備逐步老化等諸多問(wèn)題的出現，使得我中心航空物探數據處理及成圖工作受IBM4341機瓶頸限制的矛盾日益突出。所幸的是這幾年微型計算機的迅猛發(fā)展已使微機的硬件設備基本能夠滿(mǎn)足中心航空物探數據處理及成圖工作的要求，但是基于微機上的航空物探數據（解釋?zhuān)┨幚砑俺蓤D的軟件系統卻很不完善，無(wú)法和IBM4341機上配套的軟件系統相比。尤其是在數據網(wǎng)格化和成圖方面，還不得不依賴(lài)IBM4341機的軟件程序，這是近年來(lái)無(wú)法將IBM4341計算機完全淘汰的主要原因之一。為了挽救IBM4341機上這些有價(jià)值的軟件程序，不使其隨著(zhù)IBM4341機的淘汰而消失，盡可能將其消化、吸收、移植或重新開(kāi)發(fā)到微機上來(lái)，實(shí)現航空物探數據微機處理及成圖一條龍，在1996年初設立了微機高精度航空物探解釋處理及成圖系統研制的課題。

一、IBM4341機網(wǎng)格化程序的消化與吸收簡(jiǎn)況

無(wú)論是航空物探數據（解釋?zhuān)┨幚磉€是成圖，首先面臨的是數據網(wǎng)格化問(wèn)題。網(wǎng)格化方法軟件的好壞不僅直接影響到網(wǎng)格化數據的質(zhì)量、精度和可信程度，而且還將進(jìn)一步影響到數據解釋處理圖件的質(zhì)量、效果和可靠性。IBM4341機網(wǎng)格化程序是隨IBM4341計算機引進(jìn)的，程序是澳大利亞的ECS公司70年代基于小型計算機開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái)，其后經(jīng)過(guò)在IBM4341機上多年的應用證明其數據網(wǎng)格化質(zhì)量精度高、效果好，這是大家公認的。即使在國外同類(lèi)程序中相比，IBM4341機網(wǎng)格化程序迄今也是較優(yōu)秀的。因此，這幾年有許多同志曾多次試圖對IBM4341機網(wǎng)格化程序進(jìn)行消化和剖析，但均未獲結果。主要原因是IBM4341機網(wǎng)格化程序隨機引進(jìn)的FORTRAN源程序語(yǔ)句多達上萬(wàn)條，程序既長(cháng)又亂，結構極其復雜，經(jīng)常是子程序套用子程序，子程序多達幾十個(gè)。這些子程序中有些源程序是由匯編語(yǔ)言編寫(xiě)而成，個(gè)別關(guān)鍵的子程序甚至還缺少源程序。出于技術(shù)保密等原因，當時(shí)隨機引進(jìn)的資料中沒(méi)有網(wǎng)格化程序方法技術(shù)方面的資料，加上所給的源程序中的說(shuō)明語(yǔ)句又很少，從而對其進(jìn)行消化吸收和剖析工作無(wú)法進(jìn)行。這些年來(lái)，IBM4341機網(wǎng)格化程序所采用的網(wǎng)格化方法技術(shù)始終是個(gè)難解之謎。

二、微機雙三次樣條內**網(wǎng)格化方法軟件的研制開(kāi)發(fā)

由于前面提到的原因，無(wú)法剖析和移植IBM4341機網(wǎng)格化程序，為解決微機高精度航空物探處理成圖系統中的數據網(wǎng)格化問(wèn)題，只有走自己重新研制和開(kāi)發(fā)的路。通過(guò)收集和閱讀大量資料文獻，比較各種數據網(wǎng)格化方法，針對航空物探測線(xiàn)型數據的特點(diǎn)，我們最終選用三次樣條函數作為**值函數，在微機上研制開(kāi)發(fā)出三次樣條內**網(wǎng)格化方法軟件。

（—）三次樣條**值函數

設函數f（D）在**值區間[D0,Dn]上的n+1個(gè)互異節點(diǎn)Di上的值為f（Di）=Fi,i=0,1,2，…，n，則函數f（D）對應在各子區間[Di-l,Di]上的三次樣條**值函數為[1][2]

航空物探遙感論文集

其中，hi=Di-Di-l,D∈[Di-l,Di],i=1,2，…，n;M0,M1,M2，…，Mn為樣條**值函數S（D）在n+1個(gè)互異節點(diǎn)上的二階導數值Mi=S″（Di）,i=0,1,2，…，n；它們滿(mǎn)足下面的代數方程組

航空物探遙感論文集

其中

航空物探遙感論文集

令S″（D0）=M0=0及S″（Dn）=Mn=0作為邊界**值條件，則可根據（1）式至（2）式用“追趕法”求得[D0,Dn]區間上分段三次樣條**值函數。

（二）雙三次樣條內**網(wǎng)格化方法

雙三次樣條內**網(wǎng)格化方法的主要思想和過(guò)程如下。

1.坐標轉換

將實(shí)際測量航線(xiàn)的大地坐標轉換到用戶(hù)確定的網(wǎng)格坐標系中，以利于后面各步的計算工作。

2.測線(xiàn)方向樣條**值計算

根據（1）式至（2）式，沿各測量航線(xiàn)方向進(jìn)行樣條**值計算，從而獲得各測線(xiàn)數據的三次樣條**值函數，并將有關(guān)計算結果儲存起來(lái)以備調用。需要指出的是，由于各測量航線(xiàn)實(shí)際是折線(xiàn)，因而在應用（1）式一元三次樣條**值函數時(shí)，**值區間各節點(diǎn)上的Di值和D值應為折線(xiàn)段累加距離

航空物探遙感論文集

式中，D（X,Y）∈[Di-1,Di],X∈[Xi-1,Xi],Y∈[Yi-1,Yi],i=1,2，…，n。這樣處理后，比較復雜的二元三次樣條**值函數計算[3]仍可簡(jiǎn)化為較簡(jiǎn)單的一元三次樣條**值計算問(wèn)題，既能保證足夠的**值精度，又不會(huì )引起前者計算可能產(chǎn)生的不穩定性問(wèn)題。

3.交叉點(diǎn)搜尋及求值

分別搜尋計算各網(wǎng)格線(xiàn)與各測線(xiàn)的交叉點(diǎn)位置，并根據各測線(xiàn)數據的三次樣條**值函數求出各交叉點(diǎn)上的數據場(chǎng)值，見(jiàn)圖1。

圖1　雙三次樣條內**網(wǎng)格化示意

○為網(wǎng)格線(xiàn)與測線(xiàn)的交叉點(diǎn)

圖2　原始網(wǎng)格區邊部去假值示意

4.網(wǎng)格線(xiàn)方向樣條**值計算

根據各網(wǎng)格線(xiàn)與各測線(xiàn)的交叉點(diǎn)及場(chǎng)值，分別沿x和y網(wǎng)格線(xiàn)方向進(jìn)行三次樣條**值，從而得到各網(wǎng)格線(xiàn)上網(wǎng)格節場(chǎng)值。由于參與網(wǎng)格化計算的測線(xiàn)數據量一般均較大，并且為了計算時(shí)能夠得到足夠大的網(wǎng)格數據，3、4兩步是分塊計算重復進(jìn)行的。將沿x和y網(wǎng)格線(xiàn)方向**值獲得的網(wǎng)格節點(diǎn)上的兩次**值結果平均，從而得到用戶(hù)選擇的原始網(wǎng)格化區域的網(wǎng)格數據結果。

5.原始網(wǎng)格區網(wǎng)格數據邊部去假值處理

將兩次三次樣條**值計算得到的原始網(wǎng)格區網(wǎng)格數據進(jìn)行原始網(wǎng)格區邊部去假值處理，得到有效網(wǎng)格區的原始網(wǎng)格數據，見(jiàn)圖2。

6.有效網(wǎng)格區網(wǎng)格數據圓滑處理

有效網(wǎng)格區原始網(wǎng)格數據進(jìn)行加權平均圓滑處理，從而得到有效網(wǎng)格區圓滑網(wǎng)格數據，該網(wǎng)格數據就是雙三次樣條內**網(wǎng)格化程序的最終網(wǎng)格化結果。

圖3是雙三次樣條內**網(wǎng)格化方法的程序流程。

三、雙三次樣條內**網(wǎng)格化方法實(shí)例計算

雙三次樣條內**網(wǎng)格化方法采用的“分段定義，光滑連接”的三次樣條**值函數，屬于自然樣條函數類(lèi)。當**值節點(diǎn)大于或等于4時(shí)，滿(mǎn)足一定**值條件的三次自然樣條是唯一存在的，并且在所有滿(mǎn)足同一**值條件的函數中自然樣條函數最為平滑、穩定，很少出現多余的拐點(diǎn)和畸變。另外三次樣條函數由于在**值區間上二次連續可微，因而，即使對一些精度要求較高的工程問(wèn)題，例如飛機外形的設計、船體放樣、地球物理探礦等，其**值精度也足夠了，所以雙三次樣條內**網(wǎng)格化方法計算得到的網(wǎng)格化數據應具有**值精度高、畸變小，**值數據平滑穩定、質(zhì)量效果好等特點(diǎn)。這些特點(diǎn)已被新疆某地雙三次樣條內**網(wǎng)格化方法實(shí)例計算結果與IBM4341機網(wǎng)格化程序計算結果比較后所證實(shí)。圖4和圖5是新疆某地區分別采用雙三次樣條內**網(wǎng)格化方法程序和IBM4341機網(wǎng)格化程序計算獲得的航磁網(wǎng)格化數據的繪制結果。比較圖4和圖5，可以看到兩者吻合率達到95%以上，并且圖4在精度細節和質(zhì)量效果方面完全可以和圖5相媲美，兩者只是在數據圓滑程度和數據邊部處理上略有差異。從圖4和圖5驚人的吻合情況，不難推斷出IBM4341機網(wǎng)格化程序必定也是一種以樣條**值為核心技術(shù)的網(wǎng)格化方法。困擾多年的IBM4341機網(wǎng)格化程序的方法技術(shù)難解之謎終于被揭曉。從新疆某地區的應用情況還看到，雙三次樣條內**網(wǎng)格化方法的結果除了在精度細節和質(zhì)量效果方面已達到IBM4341機網(wǎng)格化程序的水平，其網(wǎng)格化計算速度也遠比后者快，計算該區290×468網(wǎng)格數據，雙三次樣條內**網(wǎng)格化程序在486微機上僅需6minCPU時(shí)間，而IBM4341機網(wǎng)格化程序在IBM4341機上則需近20minCPU時(shí)間才能完成。

圖3　雙三次樣條內**網(wǎng)格化方法程序流程圖

四、結論

通過(guò)新疆阿克蘇等工區的實(shí)際應用和比較，可得出以下幾點(diǎn)結論。

圖4　新疆某地區雙三次樣條內**網(wǎng)格化航磁△T網(wǎng)格數據

圖5　新疆某地區IBM4341機網(wǎng)格化航磁△T網(wǎng)格數據

1.計算精度高　雙三次樣條內**網(wǎng)格化方法在網(wǎng)格化精度細節和質(zhì)量效果方面已基本完全達到IBM4341機網(wǎng)格化程序的水平。

2.計算速度快　雙三次樣條內**網(wǎng)格化程序的計算速度遠比IBM4341機網(wǎng)格化程序快。

3.計算點(diǎn)數多　雙三次樣條內**網(wǎng)格化程序允許參與計算的每條測線(xiàn)的測點(diǎn)數可多達20000或更多，而IBM4341機網(wǎng)格化程序則限制每條測線(xiàn)的點(diǎn)數不能超過(guò)9000。

4.計算網(wǎng)格大　雙三次樣條內**網(wǎng)格化程序能計算的數據網(wǎng)格遠比IBM4341機網(wǎng)格化程序大，前者可達2000×2000或更大，而后者有效網(wǎng)格僅為512×512。

5.網(wǎng)格化前預處理　雙三次樣條內**網(wǎng)格化程序增加了網(wǎng)格化前對剖面測線(xiàn)數據全區整體去水平基值及進(jìn)行空間域非線(xiàn)性濾波圓滑處理等功能。

6.邊部無(wú)外延　雙三次樣條內**網(wǎng)格化程序計算的網(wǎng)格數據邊部基本無(wú)外延，而IBM4341機網(wǎng)格化程序由于采用了逐步增生法計算的網(wǎng)格數據邊部則略有外延。

雙三次樣條內**網(wǎng)格化方法軟件的研制成功使得微機高精度航空物探解釋處理及成圖系統的建立成為可能，為該系統的研制成功奠定了堅實(shí)的基礎。目前該系統其它方面的工作也已基本完成，一些成果已逐步投入使用，從新疆等工區的應用情況看，效果均較滿(mǎn)意。微機高精度航空物探解釋處理及成圖系統的研制完成，不僅能使航空物探（解釋?zhuān)┨幚砑俺蓤D工作完全擺脫IBM4341機的瓶頸束縛，并且還帶來(lái)較大的經(jīng)濟效益。

參考文獻

1.徐萃薇.計算方法引論.北京：高等教育出版社，1985

2.汪柄柱.快速樣條函數**值網(wǎng)格化方法.物化探計算方法技術(shù)，1996,18（4）

THE DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF THE SOFTWARE OF THE DOUBLE CUBIC SPLINE INTERPOLATED GRIDDING TECHNIQUE

Guo Zhihong

（Aerogeophysical Survey and Remote-Sensing Center,Beijing 100083）

Abstract

Gridding is an important link in geophysical and geochemical data processing.The double cubic spline interpolated gridding technique suggested in this paper can relatively satisfactorily solve the gridding calculation problem of the aerogeophysical traverse type data.A calculation example for a certain area of Xinjiang proved this technique to be of high precision and calculation speed.The successful development of the software for the double cubic spline interpolated gridding technique has completely freed the aerogeophysi-cal data processing and mapping for Aerogeophysical Survey and Remote-Sensing Center from the restriction of the IBM 4341 computer,and laid a solid foundation for the high-precision aerogeophysical interpretation and processing on computer and the successful development of the mapping system.