?judiciary

judiciary發(fā)音

英：[d??'d???r?]　　美：[d?u?d?????r?, -?d???r?]

英：　　美：

judiciary中文意思翻譯

n.司法部, 司法制度, 法官

adj.司法的, 法院的,法官的

judiciary詞形變化

名詞復數: judiciaries |

judiciary常見(jiàn)例句

1 、She has claimed that she never met Teng and urged the Hunan judiciary to rectify the case and declare his trial a miscarriage of justice.───她已宣稱(chēng)自己從未見(jiàn)過(guò)滕興善，并吁請湖南司法當局平反本案，并宣布滕的審判是一樁誤審。

2 、But I believe that our judiciary branch will prove that we are innocent, and history will clear my name.───但我堅信我們的司法機構將證明我們是清白的，歷史將為我正名。

3 、I can't confirm, but I have a guy who says they were blackmailed, the entire senate judiciary, and the stuff on them was buried we're talking deep black hole deep the kind of deep ?that no one ever finds the kind of deep that gets you on the senate judiciary committee.─── 我不能肯定 但我收到消息 說(shuō)整個(gè)議院司法部成員被人要挾了 因為那些埋藏的秘密被發(fā)現了 被埋進(jìn)無(wú)底洞的秘密 根本沒(méi)人會(huì )知道的秘密 因為沒(méi)被發(fā)現 才能當上司法委員會(huì )委員的秘密

4 、The House Judiciary Committee voted that President Nixon should be impeached.───眾議院司法委員會(huì )贊成彈劾尼克松總統。

5 、The company keeps the right to put Yong Wang under the prosecution of judiciary department.───五公司保留移交司法機關(guān)的權利，同時(shí)公司正在進(jìn)一步核查，看其交待的問(wèn)題是否與進(jìn)一步核查結果相符。

6 、It is a significant issue for judiciary personnel to appropriately app...───如何把握罪刑法定,避免有罪類(lèi)推,是擺在司法人員面前的重大課題。

7 、The judiciary has become a symbol for Egypt's reform movement.───司法已成為埃及改革運動(dòng)的象征。

8 、"Mabury v Madison,1803",which gave a birth to Constitutional Judicature, established a precedence that judiciary investigate to decide whether a law is unconstitutional or not.───1803年美國的“馬伯里訴麥迪遜案”開(kāi)創(chuàng )了憲法訴訟的先河,由此確立了由司法機關(guān)審查法律違憲與否的先例。

9 、But critics say he wants to curb the power of the judiciary.───但批評人士指出，他是希望能以此抑制司法部門(mén)的權利。

10 、It will have its own administrative and legislative powers,an independent judiciary and the right of adjudication on the island.───它擁有在臺灣的行政管理權、立法權、獨立的司法權和終審權。

11 、As a corollary, democracy is held to require the establishment of an independent judiciary and courts.───作為一種必然的結果需要建立一個(gè)獨立司法系統和法院來(lái)保持民主。

12 、His supporters say that Mr Musharraf wants the judiciary headed by a lawyer whom he can more easily manipulate.───他的支持者們說(shuō)穆沙拉夫先生想司法部由一位更輕易受自己擺布的律師領(lǐng)導司法部。

13 、The Basic Law guarantees the independence of our judiciary and, apart from foreign affairs and defence, it gives us full responsibility to manage our own affairs.───《基本法》確保香港司法機構獨立運作，并讓我們全權處理外交和國防以外的一切內部事務(wù)。

14 、A closed sessionof the judiciary committee.───審判委員會(huì )的秘密會(huì )議。

15 、The efforts by the Judiciary to promote mediation are underpinned by a costs sanction.───司法機構在促進(jìn)調解方面的工作，亦得到訟費罰則的輔助。

16 、A more mundane spectre, Bangladesh's intensely politicised judiciary, is now a bigger threat to the country's fragile democracy.───世俗更可怕的是孟加拉國激烈的司法泛政治化目前對國家脆弱的民主是更大的威脅。

17 、Judicial power and judiciary authority can not be separated;loss of judiciary authority is deviating from its nature and value.───司法權具有多義性,從廣義上可分為審判權和檢察權,而司法權威是司法機關(guān)應享有的威信和公信力。

18 、The rot in the judiciary predates Abdullah.───大馬印裔有權要求賠償。

19 、The Senate Judiciary Committee hearings will be crucially important in preventing jurists with a radically-right wing judicial philosophy from making it to the bench.───參議院司法委員會(huì )的聽(tīng)審在阻止持極右翼司法哲學(xué)的法學(xué)家被任命為最高法院法官方面起到非常重大的作用。

20 、A local member of the judiciary having limited jurisdiction, especially in criminal cases.───地方法官擁有有限司法權，尤其是在刑事案件中有司法權的司法官中的地方成員

21 、He has obstructed the Administration of Justice by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary Powers.───他拒絕批準建立司法權力的法律,以阻撓司法的執行。

22 、Books have been written about the so-called imperial presidency, the imperial Congress and the imperial judiciary.───關(guān)于所謂總統、國會(huì )和法院擁有至高無(wú)上權力的內容，許多人早已著(zhù)過(guò)書(shū)。

23 、The spokesman said, "The Basic Law also preserves our common law tradition and ensures the independence of the judiciary.───《基本法》保留我們的普通法傳統,并且確保司法獨立。

24 、But due to political conceptions,political systems and judiciary status,the judiciary isn't able to review all the actions of public power.───但受各國政治理念、政治體制、司法機關(guān)地位等因素的制約,司法機關(guān)并不一定能夠對所有的公權力行為進(jìn)行司法審查。

25 、Nevertheless, if American judiciary maintains cereal song Yahoo to trade,restricted market competition, still can overrule this to trade.───不過(guò)，假如美國司法部認定谷歌雅虎交易限制了市場(chǎng)競爭，仍然可以否決這一交易。

26 、A law court or system of law courts; a judiciary.───司法，司法系統法庭或法庭制度; 司法系統，司法部

27 、It also means that the Wong Kwong Yu, "the incident" is the first investigation by the judiciary.───中英文對照:這也意味著(zhù)，黃光裕此次“事發(fā)”，是由司法部門(mén)率先調查的。

28 、I was thinking about three members of the federal judiciary.─── 我只是先考慮三位聯(lián)邦司法人員

29 、In China, the powers-that-be must be persuaded that a more empowered, independent judiciary will be both a market and a crowd-pleaser, as well as good politics.───在中國，執政者必須意識到，一個(gè)更強大更獨立的司法系統將不僅能使市場(chǎng)獲益，更能帶動(dòng)政治。

30 、I am a senator and a member of the judiciary committee.─── 我是個(gè)議員 是司法委員會(huì )的一員

31 、Thirdly, the WTO also requires "transparency" in areas like government administration and the judiciary.───三、世貿組織的規則要求行政和司法等各領(lǐng)域要具有”透明度”，有助于”公開(kāi)性“的原則被接受。

32 、But neither India's complacent judiciary nor its often-craven journalists shows much interest in reinvestigating his case.Mr Guru remains on death row.───她對去年夏季克什米爾的示威者可能要求與巴基斯坦聯(lián)盟、脫離印度的斷言就很能是錯的，因為他們似乎想要被兩個(gè)國家擊斃。

33 、Worryingly, given his feud with the judiciary, judges nominated by him will form a majority in the Constitutional Court by next year.───令人擔憂(yōu)的是，他與司法部素來(lái)不和，而他提名的法官到明年將在憲法法院中占據多數席位。

34 、The attempt by the judiciary through PILs to enter the area of policy-making and policy implementation has caused concern in political circles.───司法企圖透過(guò)公益訴訟干涉政策決行，引起政界的關(guān)注。

35 、He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent of laws for establishing judiciary powers.───他拒絕批準建立司法權利的法律，以阻撓司法的執行。

36 、The House Judiciary Committee is calling on him to testify about whether the White House improperly meddled with the Justice Department.───司法委員會(huì )要求他就白宮是否不正當的干涉了司法部門(mén)的工作這件事作證。

37 、Some courts of limited jurisdiction are called special inferior trial courts or minor judiciary courts.───一些有限管轄權的法院被稱(chēng)為特殊低級法院或者是次級法院。

38 、The two sides postponed a deal, this shows that the judiciary felt the need to conduct a serious review.───雙方推遲達成交易，這表明司法部門(mén)感到有必要對此進(jìn)行認真的審查。

39 、He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers.───他拒絕批準確立司法權力的法律，從而阻礙司法行政管理工作。

40 、As a member of the judiciary who desires to improve relations among counsel and between the Bench and the Bar, I pledge as follows.───作為法官隊伍中的一名希望改善律師之間的關(guān)系以及法官與律師之間的關(guān)系的成員，本文作出如下保證：

41 、A closed session of the judiciary committee.───審判委員會(huì )的秘密會(huì )議

42 、We must believe in our judiciary.───也一定要信任我們的司法。

43 、We're patching in a representative from the house judiciary committee and a congressional liaison.─── 分別用來(lái)聯(lián)絡(luò ) 司法委員會(huì )和國會(huì )

44 、Obviously, the judiciary here was too lenient toward those in power.It could be expected that they would abuse power even more brazenly in the future.───司法對掌權者顯然寬待，日后執政者的濫權必將更為明目張膽。

45 、The Chinese judiciary is endeavoring to deepen the reform of its judicial system.───中國司法部門(mén)積極推進(jìn)司法體制改革。

46 、Dozens of newspapers opened during the Khatami period, only for many to be shut down on one pretext or another by the judiciary.───在哈塔米總統的任期內，許多的新聞報紙企業(yè)建成，但是國家司法部門(mén)卻借助于一個(gè)又一個(gè)的托詞迫使這之中很多企業(yè)就此關(guān)門(mén)。

47 、She is the senior member of the judiciary committee, and we are going to need her support for your confirmation.─── 她是司法委員會(huì )的資深委員 你的批準需要她的支持

48 、However, this does not mean that the judiciary must stop this trade.───但這并不意味著(zhù)司法部門(mén)要阻止這起交易。

49 、It allows us complete financial autonomy, it establishes Hong Kong as a separate customs territory. The Basic Law guarantees the independence of our judiciary.───《基本法》讓我們享有全面的財政自主權，維持香港特別行政區獨立關(guān)稅區的地位，并確保香港司法機構獨立運作。

50 、A prerequisite of legal reform is separation of the government and the judiciary.───中國為入世在司法領(lǐng)域的改革也在緊鑼密鼓中進(jìn)行。

51 、It will have its own administrative and legislative powers, an independent judiciary and the right of adjudication on the island.───它擁有在臺灣的行政管理權、立法權、獨立的司法權和終審權；

52 、A law court or system of law courts;a judiciary.───司法，司法系統法庭或法庭制度；司法系統，司法部

53 、Judiciary spokesman Ali Reza Jamshidi says the proceedings of the appeal will be open to experts from the Iranian bar association.───發(fā)言人賈姆什迪說(shuō)，伊朗律師協(xié)會(huì )的有關(guān)專(zhuān)家將可以到庭觀(guān)看上訴的審理過(guò)程。

54 、I cannot afford another one because you want to influence the judiciary.─── 我承受不起第二場(chǎng)了 就因為你想干預司法

55 、The need for a transparent and fair legal system will compel China to quicken the reform of its judiciary.───加入世貿組織，要求中國建立透明公正的法律體系。

56 、And for that, dear members of the senate judiciary committee, we as lovers of liberty, salute you.─── 鑒于此 敬愛(ài)的議院司法委員會(huì )成員 我們自由愛(ài)好者 向你們致敬

57 、Counselors, this is not a judiciary hearing.─── 律師們 這不是司法聽(tīng)證會(huì )

58 、In response to the changing needs of court users, the Judiciary has introduced its first Technology Court to facilitate the conduct of court proceedings.───為了配合法庭使用者不斷轉變的需求,以及促使訴訟程序更順利地進(jìn)行,司法機構已設立了首個(gè)科技法庭。

59 、The judiciary is the safeguard of our liberty and of our property under the constitution.───司法制度是對我們在憲法下取得自由和財產(chǎn)的保障。

60 、The judiciary was not independent, and the lack of due process remained a serious problem.───司法系統并不獨立并且不執行法定訴訟程序仍是一個(gè)嚴重的問(wèn)題。

61 、Generally, law-making power is assigned to the legislature, law-enforcing power to the executive, and law-deciding power to the judiciary.───一般說(shuō)來(lái),立法權分歸立法機關(guān)執法權屬于行政機關(guān)，而裁決法律權則給予了司法機關(guān)。

62 、That's what our judiciary hearings are trying to determine.─── 司法聽(tīng)證會(huì )就正在調查人數

63 、Lastly, the need for a transparent and fair legal system will compel China to quicken the reform of its judiciary.───五、加入世貿組織，要求中國建立透明公正的法律體系。

64 、It is about education, tolerance and building independent institutions such as a judiciary and a free press.───它包括教育、寬容、以及創(chuàng )立獨立的機構，比如司法系統和自由的新聞媒體。

65 、Appeal may first be to a higher level in the customs administration, but the importer shall have the right in the final instance to appeal to the judiciary.───上訴可首先向上一級海關(guān)提出，但進(jìn)口商最后有權向司法機關(guān)起訴。

66 、The judiciary has itself recognized and articulated these concerns periodically.───司法機關(guān)(本身)經(jīng)常承認與表示這些關(guān)切。

67 、The judiciary is stronger and more independent now than in the past.───司法比過(guò)去更強大和更獨立。

68 、But neither India's complacent judiciary nor its often-craven journalists shows much interest in reinvestigating his case.───但是印度自鳴得意的法官以及膽小如鼠的記者似乎都沒(méi)有重新調查這個(gè)案件的興趣。

69 、At the early period of the founding of GaoGouli, the ministers who were both laird and officials of the central government had powers such as administration, military, judiciary.───在高句麗建國之初 ,五部的部長(cháng)擁有行政、軍事、司法等方面的權力 ,既是領(lǐng)主 ,也是中央官。

70 、They threw you off the judiciary committee.─── 他們把你提出了司法委員會(huì )

71 、But Iran's judiciary chief, Ayatollah Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi, said the Iraqi Cabinet acted "very well" in approving the pact.───但是伊朗司法部長(cháng)沙赫魯迪說(shuō)，伊拉克內閣在批準這項協(xié)議的問(wèn)題上采取了“很好”的行動(dòng)。

72 、The ideology of the judiciary independence has experienced a difficult development from acceptance and animadverts to advocacy.───司法獨立的思想在我國從認可到批判到再提倡，經(jīng)過(guò)艱難曲折的歷史發(fā)展。

73 、But two years later, finally, the judiciary has restored my wife's reputation.───但是兩年之后，司法部門(mén)恢復我夫人的名譽(yù)。

74 、Yet their instinctive understanding of how to sway the Chinese judiciary may serve Mrs Wang's son well.───但是他們的對于如何動(dòng)搖中國司法體系的本能理解可能有益于王氏兒子的案件。

75 、Te 64th clause also stipulates the French president as the independent guarantor of the judiciary.───憲法第64條也規定，法國總統為司法機關(guān)獨立之保證人；

76 、Under the order, existing members of the superior judiciary are effectively suspended until they take a new oath to uphold the PCO.───在此法令下，現行高級法院的人員被有效終止權限直到他們宣誓支持PCO。

77 、The Basic Law guarantees that Hong Kong will keep the Common Law system and an independent judiciary with the power of final adjudication in Hong Kong.───《基本法》保證，香港會(huì )維持普通法制度和獨立的司法制度，并擁有終審權。

78 、A man found guilty of adultery has been stoned to death in the northern Iranian city of Rasht, judiciary spokesman said Tuesday.───伊朗司法部發(fā)言人5日稱(chēng)，在該國北部城市雷什特，一男子因犯通奸罪，已被亂石砸死。

79 、In the current judiciary reform to build up judicial fairness and democracy, the importance of Jury System attracts people's attention once more.───在當今以維護司法公平和民主為主題的司法改革中，陪審制度的意義再一次受到了人們的重視。

80 、The key of the environment protection through judiciary means is to establish the mechanism which is convenient for the two groups.───司法保護環(huán)境公益的關(guān)鍵是建立健全兩類(lèi)環(huán)境公益主體通過(guò)司法手段維護環(huán)境公益的途徑。

81 、The failure of the Taiwan Judiciary to conduct a fair, impartial and independent trial of Mr.Chen is evidenced by a litany of prosecutorial misdeeds.───臺灣司法未能公平、公正與獨立審理陳前總統案件從檢察官一連串失職行為可證。

82 、A local member of the judiciary has limited jurisdiction,especially in criminal cases.───地方法官擁有有限司法權，尤其是在刑事案件中。

83 、China has an independent judiciary system.───中國有獨立的司法制度。

84 、The judiciary is composed mainly of the judges of the higher courts , who determine the common law and interpret Acts of parliament .───司法部門(mén)主要包括高級法院的法官，這些法官決定著(zhù)普通法，并且對議會(huì )的立法進(jìn)行解釋。

85 、With the connivance of the supreme leader, they simply used their executive power and a compliant judiciary to override the wishes of the legislature and the voters.───在國家最高領(lǐng)袖的縱容之下，他們僅僅使用了其執行權力與順從的司法部就完成了宣告立法機構與投票者的意愿無(wú)效。

86 、Thus, each house has committees on foreign relations, appropriations, revenues, armed services, agriculture, judiciary, commerce , and labor.───因此，兩院都有外交關(guān)系、撥款、財政、軍事、農業(yè)、司法、貿易與勞工等委員會(huì )的設置。

87 、Institutional Reform and the Judiciary? Which Way Forward?───司法改革:路向何方?

88 、Thirdly, the WTO also requires“ transparency” in areas like government administration and the judiciary.───三、貿組織的規則要求行政和司法等各領(lǐng)域要具有”透明度”，有助于”公開(kāi)性“的原則被接受。

89 、Even if an ordinary common people tells a prime minister, the judiciary also must be inside 3 days can accept.───哪怕一個(gè)普通老百姓告一個(gè)總理，司法機關(guān)也得在三天內就能受理。

90 、Hence, an independent, competent and incorruptible judiciary with judges ready to perform their duties without fear or favour is of the utmost importance.───因此,最重要的是擁有獨立,具管轄權和廉潔的司法機構,而當中的法官必須本著(zhù)不懼不偏的精神履行職責。

誰(shuí)有關(guān)于美國政體的一些詞匯,和相關(guān)介紹各個(gè)部門(mén)還有兩個(gè)黨什么的

Politics of the United States takes place in the framework of a presidential, federal republic where the President of the United States (the head of state and head of government), United States Congress, and judiciary share federal powers, and the federal government shares sovereignty with the state governments. Federal and state elections operate as a two-party electoral system.

The executive branch is headed by the President and is independent of the legislature. Legislative power is vested in the two chambers of Congress, the Senate and the House of Representatives. Judicial power is exercised by the judicial branch (or judiciary), composed of the Supreme Court and lower federal courts. The judiciary's function is to interpret the United States Constitution as well as federal laws and regulations. This includes resolving disputes between the executive and legislative branches. The federal government of the United States was established by the Constitution. American politics has been dominated by two parties, the Democratic Party and the Republican Party, since the American Civil War, although other parties have also existed.

Major differences between the political system of the United States and that of most other developed democracies are the power of the Senate as the upper house of the legislature, the wide scope of power of the Supreme Court, the separation of powers between the legislature and the executive government, and the dominance of the two main parties – the United States being one of the world's developed democracies in which third parties have the least political influence.

The federal entity created by the Constitution is the dominant feature of the American governmental system. However, most persons are also subject to a state government, and all are subject to various units of local government. The latter include counties, municipalities, and special districts.

This multiplicity of jurisdictions reflects the country's history. The federal government was created by the states, which as colonies were established separately and governed themselves independently of the others. Units of local government were created by the colonies to efficiently carry out various state functions. As the country expanded, it admitted new states modeled on the existing ones.

State government

Before their independence, colonies governed themselves separately under the authority of the British Crown. In the early years of the republic, prior to the adoption of the Constitution, each state was virtually autonomous. The delegates to the Constitutional Convention sought a stronger, more viable federal union while preserving the sovereignty of the states.

States governments have the power to make law on all subjects that are not granted to the national government or denied to the states in the U.S. Constitution. These include education, family law, contract law, and most crimes. Unlike the national government, which only has those powers granted to it in the Constitution, a state government has inherent powers allowing it to act unless limited by a provision of the state or national constitution.

Like the national government, state governments have three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The chief executive of a state is its popularly elected governor, who typically holds office for a four-year term (although in a few states the term is two years). Except for Nebraska, which has one-chamber legislature (known as a unicameral legislature), all states have a bicameral legislature, with the upper house usually called the Senate and the lower house called the House of Representatives, the House of Delegates, Assembly or something similar. In most states, senators serve four-year terms, and members of the lower house serve two-year terms.

The constitutions of the various states differ in some details but generally follow a pattern similar to that of the federal Constitution, including a statement of the rights of the people and a plan for organizing the government. State constitutions are generally more detailed, however.

Local government

There are 87,000 local governments, including 3,034 counties, 19,498 municipalities, 16,500 townships, 13,500 school districts, and 35,000 other special districts which deal with issues like fire protection.[1] To a greater extent than on the federal or state level, the local governments directly serve the needs of the people, providing everything from police and fire protection to sanitary codes, health regulations, education, public transportation, and housing.

About 28% of the people live in cities of 100,000 or more population. City governments are chartered by states, and their charters detail the objectives and powers of the municipal government. For most big cities, cooperation with both state and federal organizations is essential to meeting the needs of their residents.

Types of city governments vary widely across the nation. However, almost all have some kind of central council, elected by the voters, and an executive officer, assisted by various department heads, to manage the city's affairs.

There are three general types of city government: the mayor-council, the commission, and the council-manager. These are the pure forms; many cities have developed a combination of two or three of them.

Mayor-Council. This is the oldest form of city government in the United States and, until the beginning of the 20th century, was used by nearly all American cities. Its structure is similar to that of the state and national governments, with an elected mayor as chief of the executive branch and an elected council that represents the various neighborhoods forming the legislative branch. The mayor appoints heads of city departments and other officials, sometimes with the approval of the council. He or she has the power of veto over ordinances — the laws of the city — and frequently is responsible for preparing the city's budget. The council passes city ordinances, sets the tax rate on property, and apportions money among the various city departments. As cities have grown, council seats have usually come to represent more than a single neighborhood.

The Commission. This combines both the legislative and executive functions in one group of officials, usually three or more in number, elected city-wide. Each commissioner supervises the work of one or more city departments. One is named chairperson of the body and is often called the mayor, although his or her power is equivalent to that of the other commissioners.

Council-Manager. The city manager is a response to the increasing complexity of urban problems, which require management expertise not often possessed by elected public officials. The answer has been to entrust most of the executive powers, including law enforcement and provision of services, to a highly trained and experienced professional city manager.

The city manager plan has been adopted by a large number of cities. Under this plan, a small, elected council makes the city ordinances and sets policy, but hires a paid administrator, also called a city manager, to carry out its decisions. The manager draws up the city budget and supervises most of the departments. Usually, there is no set term; the manager serves as long as the council is satisfied with his or her work.

County government

The county is a subdivision of the state, sometimes — but not always — containing two or more townships and several villages. New York City is so large that it is divided into five separate boroughs, each a county in its own right. On the other hand, Arlington County, Virginia, just across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C., is both an urbanized and suburban area, governed by a unitary county administration. In other cities, both the city and county governments have merged, creating a consolidated city-county government.

In most U.S. counties, one town or city is designated as the county seat, and this is where the government offices are located and where the board of commissioners or supervisors meets. In small counties, boards are chosen by the county as a whole; in the larger ones, supervisors represent separate districts or townships. The board collects taxes for state and local governments; borrows and appropriates money; fixes the salaries of county employees; supervises elections; builds and maintains highways and bridges; and administers national, state, and county welfare programs. In very small counties, the executive and legislative power may lie entirely with a sole commissioner, who is assisted by boards to supervise taxes and elections. In some New England states, counties do not have any governmental function and are simply a division of land.

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美國三權分立的內容與特點(diǎn)，誰(shuí)能用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)一下，要具體點(diǎn)的，謝謝．

Separation of powers is a political doctrine under which the legislative, executive and judicial branches of government are kept distinct, to prevent abuse of power. This US form of separation of powers is widely known as "checks and balances."

The principle of separation of powers traces its origins at least as far back as Aristotle's time. During the Age of Enlightenment, several philosophers, such as John Locke and James Harrington, advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others such as Thomas Hobbes strongly opposed it. Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive and the judiciary. His writings considerably influenced the opinions of the framers of the United States Constitution. Some charge, however, that the Framers misinterpreted Montesquieu. According to Isaac Rice (a nineteenth century political scientist), Montesquieu opposed concentrating power in a single person, rather than a single source. It was Montesquieu himself who developed the idea of establishing a form of separation of power in government. The United States borrowed some of the philosophies of Montesquieu to create the system of checks and balances that is present in the United States government today. Rice therefore suggested that a parliamentary system—which would not comply with the strict doctrine of separation of powers—would nevertheless be consistent with Montesquieu's philosophy.

Strict separation of powers did not operate in Britain, a country whose political structure served in most instances as a model for the government created by the US Constitution. In the UK, the King-in-Parliament (the King acting with the consent of the House of Lords and House of Commons) was the supreme lawmaking authority. The executive branch acted in the name of the King - it was known as "His Majesty's Government" - as did the judiciary. The King's Ministers were in most cases members of one of the two Houses of Parliament, and the Government needed to sustain a majority in the House of Commons. One minister, the Lord Chancellor, was at the same time the sole judge in the Court of Chancery and the presiding officer in the House of Lords. Thus, one may conclude that the three branches of British government often violated the strict principle of separation of powers, even though there were many occasions when the different branches of the government disagreed with each other.

Some US states did not observe a strict separation of powers in the 18th century. In New Jersey, the Governor also functioned as a member of the state's highest court and as the presiding officer of one house of the Legislature. The President of Delaware was a member of the Court of Appeals; the presiding officers of the two houses of the state legislature also served in the executive department as Vice Presidents. In both Delaware and Pennsylvania, members of the executive council served at the same time as judges. On the other hand, many southern states explicitly required separation of powers. Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina and Georgia all kept the branches of government "separate and distinct."