?cranial

cranial發(fā)音

英：['kre?n??l]　　美：[?kren??l]

英：　　美：

cranial中文意思翻譯

adj.頭蓋的, 頭蓋形的

cranial詞形變化

副詞: cranially |

cranial常見(jiàn)例句

1 、We report a 2 year-old-boy with congenital scaphocephaly, total cranial vault remodeling is performed with a pleasing result.───我們報告一例2歲小男孩，出生即有般形頭，我們以全顱再塑的方法來(lái)治療，術(shù)后得到不錯的結果。

2 、Either of the sixth pair of cranial nerves that convey motor impulses to the rectus muscle on the lateral side of each eye.───外展神經(jīng)，外旋神經(jīng)顱內六對神經(jīng)中的一對，可以將運動(dòng)刺激傳達到每只眼邊側的直肌。

3 、HEAD: In proportion to the size of the body. CRANIAL REGION: Skull: Capacious, rather square. Well arched above eyes. Stop: Well defined.───頭顱:與身體的比例協(xié)調;顱部容積大、呈方形,在眼部上方成良好的眉弓,界線(xiàn)清楚。

4 、Its small teeth and narrow nose, the overall shape of the braincase and the thickness of the cranial bones all evoked Homo.───她的牙齒小，鼻子窄，腦顱形狀與顱骨厚度，都像人屬動(dòng)物。

5 、Compression of nerve roots cranial to L4 is uncommon.───壓迫腰4神經(jīng)根相對少見(jiàn)。

6 、It did show that the two bone fragments in Tut's cranial cavity exactly matched some missing pieces from the pharaoh's first vertebra, near the skull.───它顯示出在圖坦的頭蓋骨穴內的兩個(gè)骨頭碎片與靠近頭骨的第一塊脊椎骨處丟失的碎片有些相像。

7 、An acoustic neuroma is a benign (non-cancerous) growth that arises from the sheath surrounding the eighth cranial nerve.───聽(tīng)覺(jué)神經(jīng)瘤是產(chǎn)生于第八對露骨神經(jīng)周?chē)牧夹粤觥?/p>

8 、No, no, II relieved some cranial pressure, some bleeding.─── 沒(méi) 沒(méi) 我只是減小顱內壓 放出淤血

9 、This first stage forms in the cervical region of the embryo, at the cranial end of the nephrogenic cord.───4周末，前者相繼退化，而后者大部保留，繼續向尾部延伸為中腎管。

10 、Anterior cranial fossa dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is uncommon.In this report, we present two patients with anterior cranial fossa DAVF.───摘要前顱窩硬腦膜動(dòng)靜脈瘺管是少見(jiàn)的疾病，在本研究報告中，我們提出以外科手術(shù)治療二位病人的經(jīng)驗。

11 、We believed that free flap reconstruction to fill up midface and anterior cranial base is safe, cosmetically acceptable, and also good to maintain airway patency.───我們相信以顯微自由皮瓣來(lái)重建中臉部并前顱底侵犯腫瘤切除后之缺損是安全的，有可以接受的外觀(guān)，同時(shí)可以維持術(shù)后呼吸道通暢。

12 、We have a patient with massive cranial swelling.─── 我們一個(gè)患者出現嚴重的腦腫脹

13 、The difference of BPF between the two groups was extremely significant (P0.05).───兩組之間的顱腔容積和腦容積差異無(wú)統計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),而B(niǎo)PF差異具有統計學(xué)意義(P

14 、Clinical diagnosis was made by demonstrating a cranial murmur on auscultation;macrocrania and signs of progressive cardiac failure.───聽(tīng)診有顱內雜音，有巨顱及進(jìn)行性心臟衰竭體征時(shí)即可作出該病診斷。

15 、Methods Findings of EEG and cranial CT in 21 children with hemiplegia type of viral encephalitis were analyzed.───方法對21例小兒偏癱型病毒性腦炎結合腦電圖(EEG)、頭顱CT進(jìn)行分析。

16 、Examinations of cranial CT and MR imaging showed a huge heterogeneously enhanced tumor originated from the pineal region with tumoral hemorrhage.───頭部電腦斷層掃描及核磁共振造影發(fā)現在松果體附近有一個(gè)不同顯影密度的扇大腫瘤并發(fā)出血。

17 、Their scientists are not highly regarded in the culture.Shattering the cranial exoskeleton at the tricipital lobe brings instant death.───以下便是克林貢帝國的簡(jiǎn)史，所用的年份都已換成地球年。

18 、Further study of regional changes in the cranial base, with geometric morphometric analysis, is warranted.───值得進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行幾何形態(tài)學(xué)分析的研究，以便更清楚地找出顱底局部變異的位置所在。

19 、HEAD: In proportion to the size of the body. CRANIAL REGION: Skull: Capacious, rather square. Well arched above eyes.───頭顱:與身體的比例協(xié)調;顱部容積大、呈方形,在眼部上方成良好的眉弓,界線(xiàn)清楚?？诓?強健,四方而且粗短,接近頭部總長(cháng)的一半;

20 、In conclusion, brain MRI confirmed the PVL change discovered by cranial ultrasound and the resluts were strongly correlated with spastic type cerebral palsy.───總而言之，腦部磁振攝影檢查確定超音波腦室周?chē)踪|(zhì)軟化癥之發(fā)現，并與痙攣性腦性麻庳有強烈之關(guān)聯(lián)性。

21 、The change of the pial microvascular diameter and velocity after MCAO, was observed with close cranial window method.───應用閉合式顱骨開(kāi)窗法觀(guān)察大鼠大腦中動(dòng)脈阻斷(MCAO)后軟腦膜微血管的改變。

22 、Postoperative complications (cerebrospinal fluid leakage, quadriparesis, infections, cranial nerve palsies, etc.) were observed in 33 patients (22%).───33例（22%）出現術(shù)后并發(fā)癥（包括腦脊液漏、四肢癱、感染、顱神經(jīng)麻痹等）。

23 、Giant cell arteritis occurs mainly in the cranial arteries, especially in the temporal area, and rarely in the coronary arteries.───摘要大部分的巨細胞動(dòng)脈炎都是發(fā)生在頭頸部的動(dòng)脈，尤其是顯動(dòng)脈。

24 、Surgical management involved marsupilization of cyst and sealing the dura fistula while preserving ossicles through a middle cranial fossa approach.───手術(shù)采中顱窩路徑進(jìn)入，將蛛網(wǎng)膜囊腫造口并對閉硬腦膜缺損，同時(shí)完整的保存了聽(tīng)小骨。

25 、At present, the artificial materials for cranial repair include methylsilicone rubber, titanium net, bonwe cement and stainless steel sil net, etc.───摘要目前用于顱骨修補的人工材料有硅橡膠片、鈦網(wǎng)、骨水泥、不銹鋼絲網(wǎng)等。

26 、It is characterized by a narrow, elongated cranial vault with reduced bitemporal dimension.───臨床上的表徵為顱形的后逕變長(cháng)，左右寬度變窄。

27 、Most arachnoid cysts are supratentorial, in the middle cranial fossa.───大多蛛網(wǎng)膜囊腫是位于幕上、中顱窩內。

28 、Chinese and Native Americans are both mongoloid peoples sharing DNA and more obviously the similar cranial shape, colouring and eye shape etc.───中國人和美洲土著(zhù)人都是蒙古人種，有共同的DNA，以及在頭部輪廓、膚色、眼睛形狀等等方面都有很明顯的相似。

29 、Three of them can not cry,and 2 cases were diagnosed as bilateral vocal cord paralysis,1 case as multiple cranial nerve palsy with direct laryngoscopy.───3例不能發(fā)出哭聲,直接喉鏡檢查雙聲帶麻痹2例,多發(fā)性顱神經(jīng)麻痹1例。

30 、Methods:All 70 cases were taken Water area and Caldwell area films,some added tomographic,profile,cranial base films and maxillary sinus radiography.───方法 :對 70例上頜竇患者均攝有 Water位、Caldwell位、部分患者加攝體層片、側位片、顱底片及上頜竇造影片。

31 、Based on the multi-point forming (MPF) technology, a novel digital manufacturing method of cranial titanium plates for the repair of skull defects was developed.───摘要基于多點(diǎn)成形技術(shù)，提出了一種全新的用于顱骨缺損修補的鈦板假體數字化制造技術(shù)。

32 、Located within the cranial cavity.───位于顱腔里的

33 、He will make an incision through the tentorium which is a tuff membrane that holds the cerebellum in the posterior cranial fossa.───天幕被切了一個(gè)口子。天幕在后顱凹中起到固定小腦的作用。

34 、French anthropologist who proposed the ethnological classification of Europeans according to stature, cranial index, and color of hair.───戴尼克爾，約瑟夫：(1852-1918)法國人類(lèi)學(xué)家，他按骨架、頭蓋骨和頭發(fā)的顏色提出了對歐洲人進(jìn)行分類(lèi)的種族分類(lèi)法

35 、The face and cranial vault are badly fractured.─── 臉部和顱頂全部都嚴重骨折

36 、Only 1 case of Cholesteatoma in cerebellopontine and suprasellar cistern was detected with cranial CT scans among 13 patients.───13例患者中 ,頭顱CT檢查僅 1例報告橋小腦角及鞍上池膽脂瘤 ;

37 、From cranial end to orbital end, SSTA/CTA, SSTA/DSTA and the subarachnoid space transverse area became smaller and smaller.───從顱端到眶端，蛛網(wǎng)膜下強的橫截面積逐漸減小，SSTA/CTA和SSTA/DSTA也逐漸減小。

38 、The characteristics of injury of cranial cavity,thoracic cavity,abdominal cavity,and immediate treatment are recommended in this paper.───介紹顱腔、胸腔和腹腔臟器損傷的特點(diǎn)和處理原則。

39 、Objective To study the clinical manifestations, pathology features and treatment experimentes of idiopathic hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis (IHCP).───摘要目的探討特發(fā)性肥厚性硬腦膜炎(IHCP)的臨床、病理特點(diǎn)并介紹治療體會(huì )。

40 、Cranial fracturing embedded fragments into the brain.─── 顱骨破裂迫使碎片嵌入大腦

41 、Your mom has some bleeding into her lung and a cranial fracture.─── 你母親肺內出血 還有顱骨骨折

42 、Prolongation of acousic reflex latency (ARL) was proved to be of diagnostic value in tumors of the 8th cranial nerve in as early as 1980s.───摘要音響反射潛時(shí)的延長(cháng)早于80年代初期就被證實(shí)對于第八對腦神經(jīng)的腫瘤具有診斷價(jià)值。

43 、There was no difference in cranial base blood flow and brain wave topgraphic map before and after microwave radiation.───微波輻射前后顱內底血流及腦地形圖無(wú)差異性。

44 、Methods To review the clinical data of 24 cases with brain infarction after cranial brain injury.───方法回顧分析24例顱腦損傷術(shù)后病人發(fā)生腦梗死的臨床資料。

45 、An open cranial biopsy would tell us what's wrong.─── 開(kāi)顱活檢可以讓我們了解情況

46 、Why is the person's cranial nerve incontrollable cardiac muscle activity?───為什么人的腦神經(jīng)不能控制心肌活動(dòng)?

47 、The right adrenal gland is located cranial to these two arteries, adjacent to the caudal vena cava.───右側的腎上腺，就位于這對動(dòng)脈的頭端，緊鄰著(zhù)后腔靜脈。

48 、CT scan with enhancement could provide a very good image modality except in some involvements in the posterior cranial fossa.───具對比劑顯影之電腦斷層掃瞄之評估，除了對后腦窩之腫瘤外，仍不失為一理想之影像模式。

49 、Benign brain tumor often show up as hypodense (darker than brain tissue) mass lesions on cranial CT-scans.───作為國內期貨業(yè)的知名股票指數，前些年在國內第一家推出期貨程序化交易產(chǎn)品。

50 、When the image intensifier was rotated from cranial to caudal, the main part of RCA was observed to have a extending trend.───當影像增強器由頭傾位向足傾位旋轉時(shí)，右冠狀動(dòng)脈主干逐漸伸展。

51 、Objective: To investingate the method, efficacy and safety of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting (PTAS) for the treatment of neck and cranial artery stenosis.───摘要目的：探討頭頸部動(dòng)脈狹窄性疾病應用腔內成形及支架植入術(shù)治療的方法、療效和安全性。

52 、The clinical situation including angina capitis (85%), acuity of vision changing (35%), cranial never paralysis (25%), backsiphon haemorrhagia nasalis (30%).───臨床表現有頭痛(85%)、視力改變(35%)、顱神經(jīng)麻痹(25%)、回吸性涕血或鼻出血(30%)。

53 、The degree of impairment depends on whether or not cranial radiation is part of treatment, the dosage of radiation or drugs and/or a child's age and gender.───損傷的程度依靠是否把顱側放射療法作為治療過(guò)程的一部分，放射和藥物治療的劑量和（或）孩子的年齡性別。

54 、Only Nick wouldn't die. He would breathe through a trach tube and live through cranial nerve damage and too many bouts with pneumonia to count.───只有小尼克還在為了生存苦苦掙扎著(zhù)。他寧愿一輩子通過(guò)氧氣罩呼吸，忍受著(zhù)顱神經(jīng)受損的痛苦，還有那無(wú)數次肺炎的折磨。他只想生存下去。

55 、Cranial edema is still our primary worry.─── 腦水腫仍然是我們最主要的擔憂(yōu)

56 、The left cranial vault was smaller than the right side.The head circumference was over 97 percentile.Glaucoma was noted over both eyes.───左側頭顱徑較右側小，頭圍大于第97百分位，兩眼有青光眼，并有缺鐵性貧血，顱內無(wú)鈣化，無(wú)抽搐現象。

57 、Coronal and transverse scan parallel with the radial and net fat pipeline in the phantom was performed at sequence of cranial FSE T2WI by Marconi 1.5T superconduct MRI machine.───以Marconi1.5T超導型磁共振儀采用頭部FSET2WI序列,分別對2個(gè)模體行平行于輻射狀和網(wǎng)格狀油脂管冠位面掃描和垂直于上述各面的橫斷位掃描,然后進(jìn)行冠狀面DRR重建。

58 、Clinically, patients with VBD present with acute vertigo due to ischemic change, or with neurologic deficits due to compression of the cranial nerves.───或因壓迫腦組織，出現神經(jīng)癥狀，而以類(lèi)似腦腫瘤的情況前來(lái)求診。

59 、His memory's tucked away in a cranial fold somewhere.─── 他的記憶被塞在大腦的深處

60 、A useful landmark are the paired arteries that arise from the aorta caudal to the kidney, the coeliac and cranial mesenteric arteries.───一個(gè)有用的標的物是，成對的，來(lái)自腎臟尾端的主動(dòng)脈的，腹腔動(dòng)脈與頭端腸系動(dòng)脈。

61 、I would lower the brows, giving it a more menacing look, and add more detail into the cranial cavaties.Eventually a light kit would be installed into the eyes.───我準備削低額頭，讓它看起來(lái)更具威脅性，并且在頭蓋骨上增加更多的細節，最后把發(fā)光組件安裝在眼睛里。

62 、Resection of malignancies of the midface with anterior cranial base involvement may result in complex bone and soft tissue deficiencies.───摘要中臉部并前顱底侵犯腫瘤切除后會(huì )留下復雜之骨骼和軟組織的缺損。

63 、Abstract Objective This study is aimed at exploring the diagnosis, surgical resection, and prognosis of the cranial orbital communicating meningiomas (COCM).───中英文摘要摘要目的本研究旨在探討顱眶溝通性腦膜瘤（COCM）的診斷、手術(shù)及預后。

64 、The incidence of CNP was 41.4%(53/128) with the fifth cranial nerve involved most commonly in 84.9%(45/53).───頭痛、顱神經(jīng)癥狀**及兩者均出現的顱底骨受累發(fā)生率分別為94.5%(69/73)，92.5%(49/53)，97.6%(41/42)。

65 、Description: This Neurophone incorporates an electronic circuit duplicating the encoding of the Cochlea and 8th cranial nerve themselves.───描述：這個(gè)腦聽(tīng)器包含了一個(gè)電子電路復制他們自己的耳蝸的編碼，第8腦神經(jīng)。

66 、The reason it has taken so long to come to this conclusion is that although genetic data are easy to obtain and interpret, cranial measurement is a laborious art.───為什么這一結論經(jīng)歷這么長(cháng)的時(shí)間呢？那是因為盡管基因數據容易獲得并解釋?zhuān)欢^蓋骨的測量卻是一項艱辛的工作。

67 、Cranial CT and MR imaging revealed an osteolytic soft tissue mass involving the scalp with epidural extension to the left frontal region.───頭部電腦斷層掃描及磁振造影均顯示于患者左額部有一骨蝕性腫瘤并且侵犯頭皮及硬膜。

68 、Methods Using CRW brain stereotactic apparatus, with the help of CT and MRI images, cranial trepanation in local anesthesia, cut the brain lesions by microscope.───方法局麻安裝CRW頭架后,行CT或MRI三維掃描,**后局麻下用自制系列環(huán)鉆開(kāi)顱,顯微鏡下切除顱內病灶。

69 、Five of the twelve cranial nerves become activated when you kiss somebody.───當你吻某人時(shí)十二條腦神經(jīng)中五條將變得活躍。

70 、Cranial expansion was delayed in patients with a balanced dysmorphism.───在有平衡畸形的患者頭顱擴張延遲。

71 、Cranial nerve tutorial. Fundamental information about the cranial nerves.───大腦神經(jīng)導引：腦神經(jīng)的基本資訊。

72 、This was refractory to systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy and cranial irradiation.───全身和鞘內化療以及顱腦放療均無(wú)效。

73 、Lower cranial nerve palsy with dysphagia and poor gag reflex is a potentially life-threatening condition, and rarely a complication of high cervical injury.───摘要最后四條顱神經(jīng)麻痹可引起吞嚥困難及作嘔反射變差，有可能導致?tīng)I養不良、吸入性肺炎、嗆死等并發(fā)癥，罕由于上段頸椎受傷所引發(fā)。

74 、Drink bring about cranial nerve bedding face to accumulate loss, can have been you treated? Treat over?───喝酒導致腦神經(jīng)大面積損傷，能治療好嗎？在那里治療？

75 、That wound appears to be connected to this damage to the cranial vault.─── 那個(gè)傷痕貌似跟 顱頂的這個(gè)傷有關(guān)

76 、The results showed that 68 children had abnormal findings in 82 children examined with the cranial CT scan.───82例頭顱CT檢查,68例異常,異常率為82.9%;

77 、The mass lesion here is arising in the acoustic (eighth cranial) nerve at the cerebellopontine angle.This is a schwannoma.Patients may present with hearing loss.───小腦橋腦角聽(tīng)神經(jīng)（第八對腦神經(jīng)）腫塊病變，為小腦橋腦角神經(jīng)鞘瘤，病人可出現聽(tīng)力降低。

78 、Objective: To analyze the risk factors for carotid injury caused by basilar cranial fracture.───摘要目的：分析顱底骨折致頸內動(dòng)脈損傷產(chǎn)生血管并發(fā)癥的危險因素。

79 、Methods We studied the manifestations of cranial and spinal cord MRI in 40 patients with MS.───方法分析40例多發(fā)性硬化患者腦和脊髓MRI表現。

80 、His cranial MRI showed the abnormal long T1 and T2 signals at bilateral centrum ovale, corona radiate and basal ganglia area of the cerebral hemisphere.───頭顱MRI示雙側大腦半球半卵圓中心、放射冠、基底節區多個(gè)點(diǎn)狀長(cháng)T1、長(cháng)T2異常信號。

81 、Superior （Cephalic， Cranial， Above） Toward the head or upper part of the body.───上（頭側，顱側，上方）指向頭或身體上部的方位。

82 、Patients with combined synostoses often require staged procedures because of elevated intracranial pressure or major cranial asymmetry.───因高的顱內壓或頭顱較大范圍的不對稱(chēng)，骨性融合的患者常需要分期手術(shù)。

83 、Methods: Cranial CT scan,MRI examination and clinical symptoms were performed and analyzed in 106 children with tuberculous meningitis.───方法:對106例TM患兒的臨床及頭顱CT、MRI進(jìn)行分析。

84 、A disorder due to a similar molecular basis, myotonic dystrophy 1 (DM1), is known to have white matter hyperintensities on cranial MRI.───另一種有類(lèi)似分子病理學(xué)基礎的疾?。何s性肌強直(DM1)患者的核磁共振成像也有白質(zhì)高信號。

85 、The clinical symptoms were various,but the main symptom was disturbance of consciousness,the symptom of cranial nerve,crossed hemiplegia or bilateral paralyzed.───臨床表現多樣,但以意識障礙、顱神經(jīng)癥狀、交叉性偏癱或雙側癱為主。

86 、Conclusion The CT and MR of cranial extradural empyema can w...───4例顱內硬膜外積膿處硬膜明顯增厚,均勻強化,局部骨板侵蝕破壞變薄或增生。

87 、Bony anatomical data were measured for25 adult human cranial samples.───對25具成人顱骨標本進(jìn)行骨性解剖學(xué)數據測量。

88 、Any of the soft membranous gaps between the incompletely formed cranial bones of a fetus or an infant.───囟門(mén)一柔軟的膜狀口，在胎兒或嬰兒的未完全發(fā)育好的頭顱骨頭之間

89 、His head was forced down by impact, causing cranial fractures.─── 他的頭被外力強制按下 造成了顱骨骨折

90 、The holotype (IVPP V12811) of Sinornithosaurus millenii was collected from the lower part of the Yixian Formation, including most of the cranial and postcranial elements.───千禧中國鳥(niǎo)龍正型標本（IVPP V12811）采自遼寧北票四合屯義縣組下部湖相頁(yè)巖層，保存有頭骨和頭后骨骼的大部以及皮膚衍生物印痕。

急幫幫忙！醫學(xué)英語(yǔ)翻譯！翻譯以下的內容！

顱

顱肋胸膜和縱隔胸膜圓頂形成CUPOLAE過(guò)去的擴大顱胸光圈。

胸膜輪廓偏差

在右邊的腔靜脈是由一個(gè)籠罩在胸膜背腹擴張 - 皺襞腔靜脈缺如者。

薄胸膜之間的溝通可能讓左，右囊。

概要

胸膜更廣泛比由于許多倍胸邊界觀(guān)察。然而，在背隔膜有一個(gè)小空間，胸膜不撒謊。

比較在國內物種胸膜

馬

該costodiaphragmatic反射運行到17月底肋骨椎第八肋骨軟骨。它的斜坡，是dorsocranially凹，預計在最后肋骨顱。

沖天爐的權利胸膜內側延伸。

反芻動(dòng)物

從運行的costodiaphragmatic反射第八肋軟骨交界處第十二肋骨，低于iliocostalis外緣。它有一個(gè)陡峭的上升和尾部橫穿第十一屆肋骨中間。

右顱沖天胸膜延伸，2〜3厘米長(cháng)costally。該地區的內側縱隔。

食肉動(dòng)物

該costodiaphragmatic反射運行到13月底肋骨背第八肋軟骨。它傳遞的第十一肋骨肋軟骨交界處。

左派和右派cupolae胸膜延伸，左側進(jìn)一步比對。

豬

該costodiaphragmatic反射運行到最后肋背一半來(lái)自第七肋軟骨交界處。這是一個(gè)統一的曲線(xiàn)。

N.B.在所有物種的costodiaphragmatic反映運行從胸骨然后在描述如位置上升第八肋骨。

臨床注意：

在所有的針**入顱必須向costodiaphragmatic線(xiàn)，否則針將進(jìn)入腹腔物種。

臨床注意的肋骨：

雖然肋骨只是由在胸腔穿刺針繞過(guò)它需要知道他們的結構有幾個(gè)原因：

1）經(jīng)營(yíng)者應當了解的存在下，因為它肋間通過(guò)這些針**入的。既然是通常通過(guò)**入特定肋間每次針技術(shù)進(jìn)行了解是非常有用的肋骨數目與肋骨一些標志性建筑。該鷹嘴是在大型動(dòng)物中，豬肋骨第五，但在小動(dòng)物第四肋骨。

急幫幫忙！醫學(xué)英語(yǔ)翻譯！翻譯以下的內容！

翻譯如下：

顱

顱肋胸膜和縱隔胸膜圓頂形成CUPOLAE過(guò)去的擴大顱胸光圈。

胸膜輪廓偏差

在右邊的腔靜脈是由一個(gè)籠罩在胸膜背腹擴張 - 皺襞腔靜脈缺如者。

薄胸膜之間的溝通可能讓左，右囊。

概要

胸膜更廣泛比由于許多倍胸邊界觀(guān)察。然而，在背隔膜有一個(gè)小空間，胸膜不撒謊。

比較在國內物種胸膜

馬

該costodiaphragmatic反射運行到17月底肋骨椎第八肋骨軟骨。它的斜坡，是dorsocranially凹，預計在最后肋骨顱。

沖天爐的權利胸膜內側延伸。

反芻動(dòng)物

從運行的costodiaphragmatic反射第八肋軟骨交界處第十二肋骨，低于iliocostalis外緣。它有一個(gè)陡峭的上升和尾部橫穿第十一屆肋骨中間。

右顱沖天胸膜延伸，2〜3厘米長(cháng)costally。該地區的內側縱隔。

食肉動(dòng)物

該costodiaphragmatic反射運行到13月底肋骨背第八肋軟骨。它傳遞的第十一肋骨肋軟骨交界處。

左派和右派cupolae胸膜延伸，左側進(jìn)一步比對。

豬

該costodiaphragmatic反射運行到最后肋背一半來(lái)自第七肋軟骨交界處。這是一個(gè)統一的曲線(xiàn)。

N.B.在所有物種的costodiaphragmatic反映運行從胸骨然后在描述如位置上升第八肋骨。

臨床注意：

在所有的針**入顱必須向costodiaphragmatic線(xiàn)，否則針將進(jìn)入腹腔物種。

臨床注意的肋骨：

雖然肋骨只是由在胸腔穿刺針繞過(guò)它需要知道他們的結構有幾個(gè)原因：

1）經(jīng)營(yíng)者應當了解的存在下，因為它肋間通過(guò)這些針**入的。既然是通常通過(guò)**入特定肋間每次針技術(shù)進(jìn)行了解是非常有用的肋骨數目與肋骨一些標志性建筑。該鷹嘴是在大型動(dòng)物中，豬肋骨第五，但在小動(dòng)物第四肋骨。