?cutaneous

cutaneous發(fā)音

英：[kju?te?n??s]　　美：[kju?ten??s]

英：　　美：

cutaneous中文意思翻譯

adj.皮膚的, 侵犯皮膚的

cutaneous詞形變化

副詞: cutaneously |

cutaneous常見(jiàn)例句

1 、In the meantime, bilateral pigment of size labium cutaneous is deepened gradually, increase gradually, begin occurrence white secretion.───同時(shí)，雙側大小**皮膚的色素漸加深，并逐漸增大，開(kāi)始出現白色分泌物。

2 、Surfactant can promote the permeation of drug through skin,so noisome has exclusive advantages in vitro cutaneous delivery.───以及它的促滲透作用,在經(jīng)皮給藥系統中也有更好的作用。

3 、Maintain is cutaneous best what is method? ?───保養皮膚的最好辦法是什么？？

4 、The most common complication in children with varicella is cutaneous superimposed infection with pyogenic bacteria.───摘要孩童期的水痘感染最常見(jiàn)的并發(fā)癥是化膿性細菌的繼發(fā)性皮盧感染。

5 、Sebaceoma (sebaceous epithelioma) is an uncommon cutaneous adnexal tumor with differentiation toward sebaceous unit.───摘要皮脂瘤(皮脂腺上皮瘤)是具有皮脂腺分化特徵的罕見(jiàn)表皮附屬器腫瘤。

6 、How does ability reduce computer radiate to be harmed to cutaneous?───怎樣才能減少電腦輻射對皮膚的傷害？

7 、The cutaneous electrogastrogram can reflect gastric contractions?───體表胃電活動(dòng)能反映胃的收縮嗎?

8 、We reported two cases of traumatic asphyxia following traffic accident that recovered without cutaneous or systemic sequelae.───我們報告兩個(gè)因車(chē)禍導致的外傷性窒息的個(gè)案報告，經(jīng)治療后沒(méi)有皮膚或全身性的后遺癥。

9 、Operation was performed after the infection was controlled, using pedicled cutaneous flap and myocutaneous flap to repair the defect.───感染控制后,應用帶蒂皮瓣、肌皮瓣修復,并繼續滴注引流,至感染消失。

10 、Reduce the intake of the carotene in food, cutaneous pigment but slowly subsidise.───減少食物中的胡蘿卜素的攝入量，皮膚的色素可慢慢消退。

11 、Objective: To observe the curative effect of MEBO on treating cutaneous necrosis caused by siberian cocklebur fruit.───摘要目的：觀(guān)察濕潤燒傷膏治療由中藥蒼耳子外用誘發(fā)的皮膚壞死的療效。

12 、Sit before computer every day, be very big to cutaneous radiate?───天天坐在電腦前，對皮膚的輻射是不是很大？

13 、A 13-year-old male farmer suffered from cutaneous and na il phaeohyphomycosis for five years is reported in this paper.───報告一例由球毛殼菌所致的皮膚和甲暗色絲孢霉病。

14 、How to enhance cutaneous immunity power?───如何提高皮膚的免疫力？

15 、A case of localized linear discoid lupus erythematosus with cutaneous calcinosis is reported.───報告1例線(xiàn)狀盤(pán)狀**伴皮膚鈣沉著(zhù)癥?；颊吲?36歲。

16 、Studies have demonstrated that psychological factors regulate keratinocyte proliferation and cutaneous immunity.───基礎研究顯示，精神因素對角質(zhì)形成細胞的增生和皮膚的免疫有調節作用。

17 、Pleura is the most invaded site by extrapulmonary tuberculosis, among which cutaneous tuberculosis is only less than one percent.───臺灣肺外結核侵犯的位置以肋膜最為常見(jiàn)，而皮膚結核約占肺外結核不到百分之一。

18 、Discrete, annular, scaly, erythematous patches and plaques at photo-exposed areas are typical cutaneous lesions of neonatal lupus erythematosus.───它是一種可以影響到胎兒全身許多器官及系統的疾病。

19 、Pyoderma gangrenosum(PG)is an uncommon, ulcerative, cutaneous disorder with distinctive clinical characteristics.───摘要壞疽性膿皮病是一個(gè)少見(jiàn)、化膿性、有獨特臨床表徵的皮膚疾病。

20 、How can you enhance cutaneous immunity power?───怎么樣可以增強皮膚的免疫力？

21 、Among them two kinds of composition are had allegedly good mix glossily repair cutaneous effect, and conduce to maintain cutaneous humidity balance.───其中有兩種成分據說(shuō)具有良好的光滑和修復皮膚的功效,并且有助于保持皮膚的濕度平衡。

22 、Affect cutaneous to is computer much meeting?───對得電腦多會(huì )影響皮膚的嗎？

23 、Does the woman stay up late to give cutaneous leucocyte very easily kill?───女人熬夜是不是很容易把皮膚的白細胞給殺死？

24 、How to reduce cutaneous grease to secrete! !───如何減少皮膚的油脂分泌??！

25 、Mutational activation of the BRAF oncogene is the most common genetic alteration in cutaneous melanoma.───BRAF癌基因突變的激活是皮膚黑色素瘤最常見(jiàn)的基因改變。

26 、Because of inside contained part conduces to bate cutaneous surface layer, cell of eliminate skin death, furrow also was eliminated subsequently.───因里面含有的成分有助于軟化皮膚的表層，除去表皮死亡細胞，皺紋也就隨之消除了。

27 、Look from the exterior, cutaneous surface just has sunken have dash forward, like furrow.───從外觀(guān)看起來(lái)，皮膚的表面才有凹有突，像皺紋一樣。

28 、How can you reduce computer to be opposite cutaneous radiate ah?───怎樣可以減少電腦對皮膚的輻射??？

29 、Contains sepecial aloe that moisten the skin.It normalizes the cutaneous moisture level.───強效保濕與潤澤肌膚,消炎,平衡肌膚保濕度,能讓皮膚光滑水嫩.

30 、The results resembled that of cutaneous lesions.───上述結果與銀屑病皮損相似。

31 、Objective To investigate the repair of forefoot cutaneous defect with retrograde foot vascularized flap.───摘要目的探討足逆行血管蒂皮瓣修復前足皮膚缺損的效果。

32 、How either does left cutaneous skin do left skin / ?───怎么把不是左側皮膚的皮膚弄成左側皮膚/？

33 、What food to eat to you can reduce pair of cutaneous stimulation?───吃什么食物可以減少對皮膚的刺激?

34 、How to reduce computer to be opposite cutaneous radiate?───怎樣減少電腦對皮膚的輻射?

35 、How to prevent computer radiate to be harmed to cutaneous?───如何防止電腦輻射對皮膚的傷害？

36 、We can connect the distal end of the pudendal nerve to the branch of the femoral cutaneous nerve from her inner thigh.─── 我們可以把*神經(jīng)的末端 接到她大腿內側的股皮神經(jīng)分支

37 、Also, many studies were not designed to search for cutaneous or ocular effects, or may hae been too short to detect these effects.───同時(shí)，許多的研究沒(méi)有計劃研究皮膚和眼部的影響，或者是時(shí)間太短不能監測這些影響。

38 、Interferon is a relatively effective agent in treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma, especially in early stage.───摘要干擾素在治療表皮T細胞淋巴瘤，特別是早期，為一有效之藥物。

39 、The color of factitious what cutaneous on the world is abhorrent?───世界上的人為什么皮膚的顏色都不一致？

40 、Otherwise, the photoptic process is formed on the cutting edge of a layer of white cutan, lnfluence a gelatinize.───否則，感平膠潮濕后，會(huì )在刃口上不神成一層不白色的膠膜，感化下一不主涂膠。

41 、Topical antifungal therapy is sufficient unless systemic candidiasis is present.Prognosis for congenital cutaneous candidiasis is good.───如無(wú)全身性黴菌的感染，只需給予局部抗黴菌藥物涂抹，癥狀即改善并痊愈，其預后相當好。

42 、Febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann disease with clonality:A cutaneous T-cell lymphoma entity?───具克隆性的發(fā)熱性潰瘍壞死性穆-哈病:一種皮膚實(shí)質(zhì)性T細胞淋巴瘤?

43 、This response ranges from mild cutaneous reactions, such as pruritus and urticaria, to life threatening cardioascular collapse.───反應包括較輕的皮膚反應如瘙癢和蕁麻疹，嚴重者則危及生命，如心血管性虛脫。

44 、Among the 3158 patients aged 1 to 19 years, 96.3% of had cutaneous melanoma, 3.0% had ocular melanoma, and 0.7% had an unknown primary site.───3158名年齡在1到19歲的患者中，96.3%的患皮膚黑素瘤，3.0%患眼部黑素瘤，0.7%的原發(fā)部位不詳。

45 、Must not discharge is over makeup not back-to-back still move washs a face, and increase excitant composition to hurt cutaneous chance.───如果是含油脂比例較高的卸妝油、卸妝霜或卸妝乳，可再用洗面產(chǎn)品再洗一次臉，尤其是油性皮膚或長(cháng)青春痘的人，可以避免多余油脂殘留臉上阻塞毛孔。

46 、In the New York case made public yesterday the bacterium entered the skin and is known as cutaneous anthrax, which is far less dangerous.───在昨天公布的發(fā)生在紐約的病例中，病菌侵入了皮膚組織，稱(chēng)為皮膚傳染型炭疽病，并不十分兇險。

47 、Clinically, PV presents with mucosal, mucocutaneous, or cutaneous lesions whereas PF lesions are primarily cutaneous.───臨床上，尋常性天皰瘡可以黏膜病灶、黏膜皮膚病灶或皮膚病灶來(lái)表現，而落葉型天皰瘡則以皮膚病灶為主。

48 、To report a case of cutaneous hyalohyphomycosis caused by Fusarium solani.───報告1例茄病鐮刀霉引起的皮膚透明絲孢霉病。

49 、How can you reduce computer radiate to be harmed to cutaneous?───怎樣可以減少電腦輻射對皮膚的傷害?

50 、My skin is very good, but because summer likes to go out, blackened, what to have to use do not hurt cutaneous masked article?───我的皮膚很好的,但由于夏天喜歡出去走,變黑了,有沒(méi)有什么用了不傷皮膚的化裝品?

51 、How does summer let make the skin retains cutaneous moisture?───夏天如何讓使皮膚保持皮膚的水分？

52 、How to reduce computer radiate to be harmed to cutaneous?───怎么減少電腦輻射對皮膚的傷害？

53 、Several terms, such as cutaneous collision tumor, cutaneous mixed tumor and biphasic sarcomatoid carcinoma have been described.───其他如皮膚碰撞性或混合性腫瘤或是雙相性類(lèi)肉瘤性癌都曾被提出來(lái)描述此類(lèi)腫瘤。

54 、How to increase cutaneous strength?───如何提高皮膚的抵抗力？

55 、Here is reported a case of generalized cutaneous mastocytosis treated with tranilast.───報告曲尼司特治愈泛發(fā)性肥大細胞增生病1例?；純耗?6歲。

56 、I was able to vaccinate each one of you cutaneously.─── 我給你們每個(gè)人 都注射了疫苗

57 、Hill says, everybody can abstain rice wine to protect skin to taste according to him cutaneous condition.───小山介紹說(shuō)，大家可以按照自己皮膚的狀態(tài)自制米酒護膚品。

58 、The Chinese herb Bletilla striata has been used to treatment of peptic ulcer and cutaneous wound in clinic.───所以在本實(shí)驗中選擇白芨為主要藥物，探討白芨對深層皮膚損傷愈合的作用。

59 、How can you reduce computer to be opposite cutaneous radiate?───怎么樣可以減少電腦對皮膚的輻射?

60 、Cutaneous examination reealed a diffuse, macular, erythematous rash that inoled the back, arms, and legs but spared the hands and feet.───彌漫的紅斑狀的皮疹分布在背部，手臂和腿部，但手部和足部未見(jiàn)。

61 、Cutis marmorata telangiectatica con genita is an uncommon, congenital cutaneous lesion.───摘要先天性毛細血管擴張大理石狀皮膚是種罕見(jiàn)的先天性皮膚病兆。

62 、Results There was no cutaneous anaphylaxis of Andoful and no pigmenting of s...───1%安多福殺菌效果好、對皮膚無(wú)著(zhù)色、無(wú)刺激、無(wú)致敏、價(jià)格便宜、使用方便,是理想的皮試皮膚消毒劑。

63 、Keegan can experience her itch without cutaneous nerves.─── 基根不用皮膚神經(jīng)就能感到癢

64 、A noninvasive method of measuring the blood flow rate in the cutaneous tissue by the thermal diffusion between the skin and a metal is described.───介紹了一種利用人體皮膚和接觸導體的熱傳遞來(lái)無(wú)創(chuàng )測量局部皮膚組織中血液流速的方法。

65 、If it provides relief, it would suggest that the problem might lie in your cutaneous nerve endings.─── 如果有改善 就說(shuō)明問(wèn)題可能出在你的皮膚神經(jīng)末梢上

66 、At inflammation, not expedite blood is blocked up in cutaneous blood capillary, meet color of skin is inhomogenous.───于發(fā)炎，不暢通的血堵在皮膚的毛細血管里，就會(huì )膚色不均勻。

67 、If have harm cutaneous action, this how repair. Be like: Sleep late. Have hot pepper. . . .───如果有傷害皮膚的行為，該怎樣修復。如：晚睡覺(jué)。吃辣子。。。。

68 、As you well know, he's not in pain because his cutaneous nerves have been destroyed by the burn.─── 你很清楚 他沒(méi)有感覺(jué)到疼痛 是因為他的皮神經(jīng)已經(jīng)全部被燒毀了

69 、It has three forms: inhalational, gastrointestional and cutaneous.───它有三種類(lèi)別：吸入性、腸道性及皮膚性。

70 、A case of multiple cutaneous schwannomas;schwannomatosis or neurofibromatosis type 2?───1例多發(fā)性皮膚神經(jīng)鞘瘤患者:神經(jīng)鞘瘤病抑或2型神經(jīng)纖維瘤?

71 、Visible, how many of the thickness that difference of cutaneous of male and female basically depends on corneous layer and leather fat.───可見(jiàn)，男女皮膚的差別主要在于角質(zhì)層的厚薄與皮脂的多少。

72 、Chasseaud and Moore studied the absorption of MPS in rats after cutaneous application of MPS cream containing 40,000 U/100 g.───Chasseaud和Moore研究了MPS(多磺酸粘多糖)涂抹于大鼠皮膚后的吸收情況，所用的乳膏濃度為每100g含40,000U多磺酸粘多糖。

73 、By use of perineurial recording technique in cutaneous pectoris of frog, weobserved the effects of TSN on calcium currents in motor nerve terminals.───利用神經(jīng)周膜下記錄方法. 在青蛙胸皮肌標本上觀(guān)察了TSN 對運動(dòng)神經(jīng)末梢鈣電流的影響.

74 、Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus: A paraneoplastic dermatosis?───亞急性皮膚型**:副腫瘤性皮膚病?

75 、Well, for whatever reason, the cutaneous nerves in that part of her scalp went haywire.─── 不管因為什么原因 她頭皮那塊區域的皮神經(jīng)失控了

76 、How can ability reduce computer radiate effectively to be harmed to cutaneous?───怎樣才可以有效的減少電腦輻射對皮膚的傷害？

77 、But as years elapse, seasonal transformation, of air humidity reduce can damage cutaneous quality of a material etc.───但隨著(zhù)歲月的流逝、季節的轉變，空氣濕度的降低等等都會(huì )損害皮膚的質(zhì)地。

78 、A case of cutaneous chromomycosis caused by Fonsecaea-Pedrosoi misdiagnosed as tuberculosis verrucosa cutis was reported.───報告裴氏瓶霉致皮膚著(zhù)色真菌病誤診為疣狀皮膚結核1例。

79 、Defend wet filling water, enhance cutaneous constituent toughness and tonal, the occurrence that reduces microgroove and prevent the skin flabby.───保濕補水，增強皮膚的組織韌度和色調，減少細紋的出現和防止皮膚松弛。

80 、Leishmaniasis is spread by the sandfly, and in the dog as well as human has both cutaneous and visceral forms.───利什曼病是由白蛉傳播的人犬共患病，疾病影響皮膚和內臟。

81 、How the black head on purify nose? Go to the lavatory not to harm cutaneous again namely?───怎么去除鼻子上的黑頭？即方便又不傷害皮膚的？

82 、For its diagnosis, the exclusion of SCC of local cutaneous structures and metastasis of distant squamous carcinoma are mandatory.───對于此腫瘤的診斷，排除局部皮膚結構、排除遠處鱗癌轉移時(shí)必須的。

83 、Nurse cutaneous method! Be urgent!───護理皮膚的方法!急!

84 、How to avoid computer radiate to be affected to cutaneous?───怎么避免電腦輻射對皮膚的影響？

85 、The drug may cause histamine release, which may cause cutaneous flushing and een bronchospasm and hypotension in some patients.───它可以引起組胺釋放，導致有些病人皮膚潮紅，甚至支氣管痙攣和低血壓發(fā)生。

86 、Had has to oily cutaneous the person bathed with bath dew or bathed with soap? ? ?───對于油性皮膚的人用沐浴露洗澡好還是用肥皂洗澡好？？？

手術(shù)前自己“洗一洗”切口部位，就能降低手術(shù)后感染的發(fā)生率嗎？

骨科的很多手術(shù)都比較大型，而且大部分手術(shù)都存在內植物放進(jìn)人體體內的過(guò)程。只要是手術(shù)，存在手術(shù)切口手術(shù)后就有潛在發(fā)生感染的風(fēng)險，這就跟坐飛機一樣，發(fā)生的概率很低，但一旦出現就是災難性的。

手術(shù)前黑鍋經(jīng)常用上面坐飛機的例子來(lái)給病人跟家屬舉例講解，以求他們能夠意識到術(shù)后感染的可怕！但事實(shí)上，關(guān)節置換術(shù)后感染的概率要比坐飛機出事的概率要高得多！

東西臟了不能吃，容易拉肚子！那么準備切口的皮膚臟了容易感染，手術(shù)前“洗一洗”自己切口的部位，是不是能夠降低手術(shù)后感染的發(fā)生率呢？

這就提出了這篇科普圍繞的一個(gè)話(huà)題：

到底骨科手術(shù)之前，進(jìn)行的術(shù)前皮膚清洗，是不是會(huì )降低手術(shù)后手術(shù)部位感染及植入物周?chē)腥镜娘L(fēng)險呢？

答案是肯定的！

上面這篇權威雜志的最新文獻指出：骨科手術(shù)前進(jìn)行的術(shù)前皮膚清潔，確實(shí)有助于減少隨后的手術(shù)部位感染（SSIs）和假體周?chē)P(guān)節感染（PJIs）的發(fā)生率！

具體來(lái)說(shuō)，葡萄糖酸氯己定（CHG，也就是醫學(xué)上常用的“洗必泰”）已被證明在預防PJIs/SSIs方面有很好的效果。

1、美國疾病控制中心（Centers for Disease Control）指出：術(shù)前使用抗菌劑進(jìn)行皮膚清潔，可大大減少皮膚微生物的數量1。

很多人可能會(huì )說(shuō)，那么我手術(shù)前就用水多洗洗，用點(diǎn)肥皂，用點(diǎn)沐浴露，應該也能達到消毒的效果吧？

其實(shí)不是！術(shù)前皮膚清潔可使用多種藥劑進(jìn)行，而不只是單純的用水來(lái)洗，因為用水來(lái)洗的話(huà)，效果沒(méi)那么好！來(lái)看看數據：

一項納入700多名患者的前瞻性研究發(fā)現2：使用洗必泰洗澡和擦洗的患者，手術(shù)中傷口微生物培養**率為4%，使用聚維酮碘（另外一種消毒液）的患者為9%，使用肥皂和水洗澡的發(fā)生率高達14%......可見(jiàn)單純用水，肥皂甚至沐浴露，效果還是不可靠呀！

2、培養出微生物那也只是一個(gè)概率問(wèn)題呀，真的對于減少手術(shù)后切口感染及骨科植入物周?chē)腥镜娘L(fēng)險有效果嗎？

對于這個(gè)問(wèn)題，國內外也做過(guò)很多研究，結果眾說(shuō)紛紜，有的有效，有的沒(méi)效，但貌似沒(méi)有說(shuō)會(huì )增加的......下面選取了病例數最多的幾篇研究給大家看看，畢竟是要靠數字說(shuō)話(huà)的嘛！

2016年，老外的一篇研究，納入了3717例接受初次膝關(guān)節置換和翻修手術(shù)（第2次關(guān)節置換手術(shù)）的病人，研究結果發(fā)現：與未接受洗必泰術(shù)前清洗方案的患者相比，入院前使用洗必泰方案的患者，膝關(guān)節置換術(shù)后PJIs的相對風(fēng)險明顯降低?。?.3% vs. 1.9%，將近7倍）3。

另外有人對國外Cochrane數據庫中的10,000多名患者進(jìn)行了系統的回顧，他們也得出結論：手術(shù)前使用洗必泰清洗，總比不洗澡好......然而，這似乎沒(méi)有改變感染的發(fā)生率4！

文獻眾說(shuō)紛紜，有些文獻說(shuō)骨科手術(shù)前進(jìn)行皮膚清潔對減少手術(shù)部位感染和骨科植入物手術(shù)后周?chē)腥居忻鞔_的作用，有些文獻又說(shuō)影響不大！這個(gè)到底要怎么選擇呢？

要知道，目前沒(méi)有任何關(guān)于術(shù)前進(jìn)行皮膚清洗有負面影響的文獻報道；同時(shí)，使用洗必泰消毒引起的皮膚過(guò)敏也非常少。那么，這利大于弊的事，為啥不做呢？

3、既然選擇手術(shù)前好好“洗一洗”手術(shù)部位了，那么應該怎么洗，洗多久才比較合適呢？

還是上面的那一篇文獻為例來(lái)說(shuō)，畢竟人家納入的研究數有3,717例，而且得出來(lái)的結果是：用洗必泰清洗比不清洗有助于減低術(shù)后感染風(fēng)險3。

通過(guò)篩選，這篇文章最初確定了3842例患者，這些患者均是在2007年至2013年期間在同一家醫院，由4名相同的骨科醫生手術(shù)，先后接受了關(guān)節置換手術(shù)（初次置換或者翻修手術(shù)）。

其中，排除了125名在術(shù)后1年隨訪(fǎng)中死亡的患者，最終共獲得3717例研究數，樣本量大可以說(shuō)很有說(shuō)服力了！

根據各個(gè)病人的醫療記錄，對所有病人進(jìn)行再入院或醫院就診的監測，以及時(shí)發(fā)現手術(shù)后感染的跡象。如果隨訪(fǎng)的過(guò)程中發(fā)現有感染的跡象，則根據臨床上常見(jiàn)的診斷感染的診斷學(xué)方法、實(shí)驗室檢查等臨床數據，以確定是否存在感染。

具體清洗方法：

術(shù)前準備很多塊訂制的含有12%洗必泰的用于擦洗的布（Sage Products, LLC, Cary, IL, USA 美國制造），每塊布包含有500毫克葡萄糖酸氯己定（洗必泰）。手術(shù)前叮囑患者不要洗澡，如果病人洗澡了，則要等2個(gè)小時(shí)之后再使用這些布，因為洗澡會(huì )干擾試驗的真實(shí)性。

病人要在手術(shù)前一天晚上用6塊布，其余的6塊在手術(shù)當天手術(shù)前使用。具體擦拭的6個(gè)部位如下：

①脖子，胸口和肚子；

②背部；

③上肢；

④左下肢；

⑤右下肢；

⑥手術(shù)部位；

在這種擦洗過(guò)后，叮囑患者不要洗澡或者使用任何外用藥物自行消毒！

結果得出來(lái)的結論就是：術(shù)前使用洗必泰布消毒方案可降低膝關(guān)節置換手術(shù)后植入物周?chē)腥镜南鄬︼L(fēng)險！

所以，如果手術(shù)前真的要洗澡，洗身體，就按照這種方案，這6個(gè)部位，好好使用洗必泰溶液洗一洗吧！

最后，附上一張“洗必泰”的說(shuō)明書(shū)，希望大家在做關(guān)節置換跟其他放置骨科植入物之前，都可以給自己洗一洗！

參考文獻

1、Mangram AJ, Horan TC, Pearson ML, Silver LC, Jarvis WR. Guideline for prevention of surgical site infection, 1999. Centers for Disease control and prevention (CDC) hospital infection control practices advisory committee. Am J Infect Control 1999;27:97e132. quiz 133-134; discussion 96.

2、Garibaldi RA. Prevention of intraoperative wound contamination with chlorhexidine shower and scrub. J Hosp Infect 1988;11(Suppl B):5e9.

3、Kapadia BH, Zhou PL, Jauregui **, Mont MA. Does preadmission cutaneous chlorhexidine preparation reduce surgical site infections after total knee arthroplasty? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2016;474:1592e8.

4、Webster J, Osborne S. Preoperative bathing or showering with skin antiseptics to prevent surgical site infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015: CD004985.

好了，今天的科普就到這，如果你有什么意見(jiàn)或者建議，歡迎在評論區給黑鍋留言~寫(xiě)文不易，快快收藏轉發(fā)給需要的那個(gè)TA吧！#小黑鍋說(shuō)科普##清風(fēng)計劃##頭條辟謠#

什么動(dòng)物是用皮膚呼吸？

皮膚呼吸c(diǎn)utaneousrespiration，dermalrespiration用體表進(jìn)行呼吸，稱(chēng)為皮膚呼吸。原來(lái)體表可使氧通過(guò)，在發(fā)生上，由體表向內所折入的空處就是肺或鰾，突出于向外部擴大的部分就是鰓，因此，沒(méi)有這樣特殊呼吸器官的動(dòng)物則靠皮膚呼吸，見(jiàn)于環(huán)節動(dòng)物的蚯蚓、水蛭；觸手動(dòng)物的掃帚蟲(chóng)、蘚苔蟲(chóng)等。