1、heat flow

heat flow發(fā)音

英：　　美：

heat flow中文意思翻譯

常用釋義：熱流：熱量從一個(gè)物體或系統向另一個(gè)物體或系統傳遞的過(guò)程。

熱流，熱流動(dòng)

[熱]熱流；[熱]熱流動(dòng)

heat flow雙語(yǔ)使用場(chǎng)景

1、The rate of heat flow between any two points increases with difference of temperature.───任何兩點(diǎn)間的熱流動(dòng)速率則隨溫差的加大而增加.

2、Basin basement palaeo - heat flow is a basic boundary parameter condition to realize basin geothermal field simulation.───盆地基底古熱流是實(shí)現盆地地熱場(chǎng)模擬的基礎邊界參數條件.

3、The approximation of a linear dependency between heat flow and temperature difference leads to satisfactory results.───在熱流量與溫度差之間,近似地采用線(xiàn)性關(guān)系,也能得出令人滿(mǎn)意的結果.

4、The friction heat flow density of single tooth affects temperature distribution of the gear body most.───單輪齒摩擦熱流密度對斜齒輪本體溫度分布梯度影響較大.

5、In heterogeneous anisotropic materials the heat flow vector and conductivity are more complex.───在各向異性的非均質(zhì)材料中,熱流向量和熱導率很復雜.

6、Then the law of heat flow and the distribution of the heat loss are estimated.───并可估算出熱流規律和熱損失的分配.

7、Practical applications for heat flow measurements in ocean floors are the location of hot brines.───洋底熱流量測量的實(shí)際目的是圈定熱鹵水的位置.

8、Our result shows the nonuniform distribution of mantle heat flow in China.───結果顯示,中國大陸地幔熱流的空間分布不均勻.

9、Steady - state heat flow is comparable to the flow of an incompressible fluid.───穩態(tài)熱流和不可壓縮流體的流動(dòng)可相比擬.

10、Others are small enough that they can only be detected by sophisticated heat - flow measuring instruments.───其他一些非常小的地慢羽只能通過(guò)精密復雜的熱流測量?jì)x器來(lái)探測.

11、Heat flow meter is an important instrument for saving energy.───熱流計是一種重要的節能用儀表。

12、Let's say there's no heat flow.───讓我們假設沒(méi)有熱量流動(dòng)。

13、property that changes, depending on the heat flow.───性質(zhì)，隨熱量的流動(dòng)變化。

14、The geographical distribution of heat flow data is very uneven.───熱流量資料的地理分布很不平衡.

heat flow相似詞語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)

1、heat loss───[熱]熱損失，熱損耗

2、gas flow───[流]氣流；氣流量

3、peak flow───洪峰；最大流量

4、heavy blow───強力的打擊

5、heat flux───[熱]熱流，[熱]熱通量

6、healthy glow───健康發(fā)光

7、wheat flour───[糧食]小麥粉

8、gene flow───[遺]基因流，[遺]基因流動(dòng)；基因憐

9、heathfowl───石楠

2、跪求一篇有關(guān)加熱爐的外文、有翻譯就更好了?。?！

加熱爐的工作原理與主要技術(shù)參數

一、加熱爐工作原理

液體（氣體）燃料在加熱爐輻射室（爐膛）中燃燒，產(chǎn)生高溫煙氣并以它作為熱載體，流向對流室，從煙囪排出。待加熱的原油首先進(jìn)入加熱爐對流室爐管，原油溫度一般為29。爐管主要以對流方式從流過(guò)對流室的煙氣（9）中獲得熱量，這些熱量又以傳熱方式由爐管外表面傳導到爐管內表面，同時(shí)又以對流方式傳遞給管內流動(dòng)的原油。原油由對流室爐管進(jìn)入輻射室爐管，在輻射室內，燃燒器噴出的火焰主要以輻射方式將熱量的一部分輻射到爐管外表面，另一部分輻射到敷設爐管的爐墻上，爐墻再次以輻射方式將熱輻射到背火面一側的爐管外表面上。這兩部分輻射熱共同作用，使爐管外表面升溫并與管壁內表面形成了溫差，熱以傳導方式流向管內壁，管內流動(dòng)的原油又以對流方式不斷從管內壁獲得熱量，實(shí)現了加熱原油的工藝要求。

加熱爐加熱能力的大小取決于火焰的強弱程度（爐膛溫度）、爐管表面積和總傳熱系數的大小?；鹧嬗鷱?，則爐膛溫度愈高，爐膛與油流之間的溫差越大，傳熱量越大；火焰與煙氣接觸的爐管面積越大，則傳熱量越多；爐管的導熱性能越好，爐膛結構越合理，傳熱量也愈多?；鹧娴膹娙蹩捎每刂苹鹱斓姆椒ㄕ{節。但對一定結構的爐子來(lái)說(shuō)，在正常操作條件下?tīng)t膛溫度達到某一值后就不再上升。爐管表面的總傳熱系數對一臺爐子來(lái)說(shuō)是一定的，所以每臺爐子的加熱能力有一定的范圍。在實(shí)際使用中，火焰燃燒不好和爐管結焦等都會(huì )影響加熱爐的加熱能力，所以要注意控制燃燒器使之完全燃燒，并要防止局部爐管溫度過(guò)高而結焦。

二、加熱爐的運行參數

爐膛溫度（擋墻溫度）

爐膛溫度一般指煙氣離開(kāi)輻射室的溫度，也就是煙氣未進(jìn)入對流室的溫度或輻射室擋火

墻前的溫度，是加熱爐運行的重要參數。在爐膛內（輻射室）燃料燃燒產(chǎn)生的熱量，是通過(guò)輻射和對流傳給爐管的。傳熱量的大小與爐膛溫度和管壁溫度有關(guān)。原油從加熱爐中獲得的熱量其中有以輻射傳熱為主。輻射換熱與火焰的絕對溫度的四次方成正比，因此，在高溫區中，輻射受熱面的吸熱效果要比對流受熱面的效果好，吸收同樣數量的熱量，輻射換熱所需的受熱面積即金屬消耗量要比對流換熱的少。設計時(shí)選取的爐膛溫度值決定著(zhù)加熱爐輻射受熱面及對流受熱面之間的吸熱量比例。爐膛溫度高，輻射室傳熱量就大，所以爐膛溫度能比較靈敏地反映爐出口溫度。但是從運行角度考慮，爐膛溫度過(guò)高，輻射室爐管熱強度過(guò)大，有可能導致輻射管局部過(guò)熱結焦同時(shí)進(jìn)入對流室的煙氣溫度也過(guò)高，對流室爐管也易被燒壞，使排煙溫度過(guò)高，加熱爐熱效率下降。所以爐膛溫度是保證加熱爐長(cháng)期安全運行的指標。在輸油加熱爐中爐膛溫度最高不超過(guò)&。

排煙溫度

排煙溫度是煙氣離開(kāi)加熱爐最后一組對流受熱面進(jìn)入煙囪的溫度。排煙溫度不應過(guò)高，否則熱損失大。在操作時(shí)應控制排煙溫度，在保證加熱爐處于負壓完全燃燒的情況下，應降低排煙溫度。排煙溫度的調節一般用控制進(jìn)風(fēng)量，即調整過(guò)?？諝庀禂档霓k法。降低排煙溫度，可減少加熱爐排煙熱損失，提高熱效率，從而節約燃料消耗量，降低加熱爐運行成本。但排煙溫度過(guò)低，使對流受熱面末段煙氣與載熱質(zhì)的傳熱溫差降低，增加了受熱面的金屬消耗量，提高加熱爐的投資費用。因此，排煙溫度的選擇要經(jīng)過(guò)經(jīng)濟比較。

在選擇最合理的排煙溫度時(shí)，還應考慮低溫腐蝕的影響。由于燃料中的硫在燃燒后可生成+，它在煙氣中和水蒸氣形成硫酸蒸氣，當受熱面壁溫低于硫酸蒸氣的露點(diǎn)溫度時(shí)，硫酸蒸氣就會(huì )冷凝下來(lái)，腐蝕壁面金屬。如受熱面壁溫低于煙氣中水蒸氣的露點(diǎn)時(shí)，則水蒸氣也會(huì )凝結在管壁上，加劇了腐蝕，并且容易引起堵灰。降低露點(diǎn)，減少腐蝕和積灰的措施有：凈化燃料油。目前國外已有應用，但能否廣泛應用還值得研究。

Heating furnace operation principle and main technical parameters

A, heating furnace work principle

Liquid (gas) fuel heating furnace chamber (in) radiation temperature flue gas and burn, produce it as a heat carrier, flow convection chamber, from the chimney emitted. Stay heating oil first into the furnace convection chamber furnace tube, crude oil temperature general for 29. The furnace pipe flows by convection means mainly from the flue gas convection chamber (9), these heat gain heat and heat transfer surface conducting by outside the furnace pipe to furnace tube surface, the same time again with convection means the transfer to the flow inside the canal crude oil. Crude oil by convection chamber furnace tube into the radiation room furnace tube, in radiation indoor, burner outbursts of flame mainly radiation pattern will heat radiation to part of the furnace pipe outside surface, the other part of radiation to laying the furnace pipe furnace wall, oven walls once again in radiation pattern will radiation back on one side of the furnace pipe fire surface appearance surface. The two parts together heat effect, make the furnace pipe with wall surface temperature and the temperature inside the surface formed by conduction modes, heat flow pipe wall, the oil and the flow inside the canal with convection means constantly from tube wall get heat, realized the heated crude oil process requirement.

The size of the heating furnace heating ability depends on the strength of the flame of furnace temperature level (), furnace tube surface area and the size of the total heat transfer coefficient. Flame furnace temperature, the better the higher temperature between the chamber and overflows, the greater the greater the heat; Flame and smoke contact the furnace pipe area, the more the heat; Furnace tube heat conduction performance better, more reasonable, preaching chamber structure more calories. The strength of the fire control of fire the mouth the method can adjust. But for certain structure for the stove, in normal operation condition of furnace temperature up to a certain value rise after will no longer. The furnace pipe the total heat transfer coefficient of surface of a stove, so it is certain the heating ability per stove has certain scope. In actual use, the flame is bad and furnace tube coked etc will affect the reheating furnace heating ability, so attention should be paid to control the burner to complete combustion, and to prevent local furnace tube temperature exorbitant and coked.

Second, heating furnace operation parameters

Retaining wall temperature of furnace temperature ()

Generally refers to a flue gas furnace temperature, the temperature from radiation chamber is not enter convection chamber of flue gas temperature or radiation room block fire

Wall temperature, is the important parameters of heating furnace operation. The chamber of a stove or furnace (radiation room) fuel combustion heat generation, it is through radiation and convection to furnace tube. The size of the heat pipe furnace temperature and the temperature with relevant. Oil obtained from heating furnace with radiation heat transfer heat one to give priority to. Radiation heat transfer and the absolute temperature of flame four times, therefore, is proportional to the square in the drier, radiation heating effect of heating collector than convection the effect is good, absorb the same amount of heat, radiant heat the heated area namely metals needed than the convective heat consumption, the less. When the design selection of hearth furnace temperature decides the heating heating radiation and the heat convection between ratio. High temperature in the furnace, radiation room is big, so the heat of furnace temperature can compare to reflect the furnace exit temperature sensitive. But from running Angle consideration, of furnace temperature is exorbitant, radiation room furnace tube heat intensity, may cause excessive radiation tube local overheating coked also into the flue gas temperature is convection chamber exorbitant, convection chamber furnace tube also easy to be burnt out, make smoke temperature is exorbitant, reheating furnace thermal efficiency drops. So is the guarantee of furnace temperature of heating furnace and long-term safety operation index. In oil heating furnace chamber temperature is highest do not exceed &.

Exhaust temperature

Exhaust temperature is the smoke from the last group of convection heating furnace temperature into the chimney. Exhaust temperature should not exorbitant, otherwise the heat loss. During operation should be controlled in ensuring the exhaust temperature, heating in negative pressure under the condition of complete combustion, should reduce exhaust temperature. Exhaust temperature regulation general use control volume, namely adjustment in excess air coefficient method. Reduce exhaust temperature, can reduce reheating furnace smoke heat loss, improve thermal efficiency, thus saving fuel consumption, lower heating furnace operation cost. But exhaust temperature too low, make convection heat heating with terminal flue gas temperature is reduced, the heat transfer increased consumption and raise the metal heating furnace cost. Therefore, exhaust temperature choice should pass economic comparison.

In selecting the most reasonable exhaust temperature, still should consider the influence of corrosion at low temperature. Because of the sulfur in burning fuel, it can generate + in flue gas and water vapor form sulfuric steam, when heated side wall temperature below the dew point temperature sulfuric acid steam condensation, sulfuric acid steam will come down, the corrosion wall metal. Heated side wall temperature below the dew point in smoke when water vapor, the vapor will also condensed in wall, increased the corrosion, and easy to attract plugging ash. Reduce dew point corrosion and sulphuric acid, reduce the measures are: purification fuel oil. At present foreign applications, but can have wide application still is worth studying.