1、schizophrenic

schizophrenic發(fā)音

英：　　美：

schizophrenic中文意思翻譯

n.精神分裂癥的患者

adj.精神分裂癥的

schizophrenic雙語(yǔ)使用場(chǎng)景

1、Scarred by her schizophrenic mother and dislocated upbringing, she was happy to have the classics put in her hand.───經(jīng)歷了患有神經(jīng)分裂癥的母親帶來(lái)的傷痛和錯位的成長(cháng)過(guò)程，她很樂(lè )意將這些名著(zhù)拿在手中。

2、Economists over the years have had a schizophrenic attitude toward low probability but highly costly events.───經(jīng)濟學(xué)家長(cháng)久以來(lái)都用一種精神分裂般的態(tài)度看待小概率但高成本的事件。

3、Serum homovanillic acid (HVA), FSH, LH and testosterone (TS) were examined in healthy first degree relatives of schizophrenic patients.───和放免分析法測定精神分裂癥病人一級健康親屬的血清高香草酸（HVA）、FSH、LH和睪酮（TS）濃度。

4、He was diagnosed as a paranoid schizophrenic.───他被診斷為偏執性精神分裂癥患者。

5、it is that many people have a somewhat schizophrenic attitude towards climate change.───這也就是為什么很多人一提到氣候變化就發(fā)狂的原因。

6、She seems to be suffering from a schizophrenic, dual personality of the monster, is a worldwide understanding of the evildoer.───她似乎是一個(gè)患有精神分裂癥、具有雙重性格的怪物，是一個(gè)不為世人所理解的妖孽。

7、"Unfortunately, the government's somewhat schizophrenic attitude to climate change seems to be undermining that confidence, " she said.───“不幸的是，政府對氣候變化的有點(diǎn)忽左忽右的態(tài)度似乎正在抹煞掉人們的信心，”她說(shuō)。

8、Was "Robert" out of his mind on hallucinogenic drugs, or was he having a schizophrenic breakdown?───到底“羅伯特”的發(fā)狂是因為吃了迷幻藥呢，還是精神病發(fā)作？

9、But the corseted, wandering life of a diplomat's wife did not suit her and one son was schizophrenic.───但做為一位外交官的妻子，這種緊湊而四處飄泊的生活無(wú)法適應她，而她的一個(gè)兒子又患上了精神分裂癥。

schizophrenic相似詞語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)

1、stigmas associated with schizophrenia───精神分裂癥相關(guān)的恥辱

2、schizopod───n.裂足類(lèi)動(dòng)物

3、associability schizophrenia───社交性精神分裂癥

4、aetiology of schizophrenia───精神分裂癥病因

5、ventricles schizophrenia───心室精神分裂癥

6、treatments for schizophrenia───精神分裂癥的治療

7、etiology of schizophrenia───精神分裂癥病因學(xué)

8、paranoid schizophrenia───妄想型精神分裂癥；偏執型分裂癥；偏狂型精神分裂癥

9、delusional schizophrenia───妄想性精神分裂癥

10、st century schizoid man───世紀精神分裂癥患者

2、亞歷山大生平簡(jiǎn)介（英文版）

普希金生平及作品簡(jiǎn)介

亞歷山大·謝爾蓋耶維奇·普希金（1799－1837年）是俄羅斯偉大的民族詩(shī)人，是俄羅斯現實(shí)主義文學(xué)的奠基人，是俄羅斯文學(xué)語(yǔ)言的創(chuàng )造者，更是19世紀世界詩(shī)壇的一座高峰。

普希金是時(shí)代的寵兒，也是時(shí)代的旗幟。他作為民族意識的體現者，反映了俄羅斯人民要求民族尊嚴、國家獨立、社會(huì )進(jìn)步的愿望和心聲。普希金對俄羅斯本國作家影響巨大，在這一點(diǎn)上沒(méi)有任何其他國家的詩(shī)人能與之相比。

普希金的青少年時(shí)代

普希金1799年出生在莫斯科的一個(gè)古老的貴族家庭，早年受到農奴出身的保姆阿琳娜·羅季昂諾夫娜的影響。1811年進(jìn)彼得堡皇村學(xué)校。1812年戰爭所激起的愛(ài)國熱潮給少年普希金極大鼓舞。在校期間，他與未來(lái)的十二月黨人丘赫爾伯凱等建立了深厚的友誼。這時(shí)，他的詩(shī)歌才能已經(jīng)開(kāi)始顯露出來(lái)。1814年，他朗誦的《皇村回憶》一詩(shī)，深得在場(chǎng)的老詩(shī)人杰爾查文的贊賞。1817年，普希金畢業(yè)后在外交部任職，并先后參加了“阿爾扎瑪斯社”與“綠燈社”。在十二月黨人影響下，這時(shí)期普希金寫(xiě)下了不少政治抒情詩(shī)，抨擊專(zhuān)制制度、歌頌自由和同情人民的不幸，如《自由頌》(1817)、《致恰達耶夫》（1817）、《鄉村》（1819）等。他還寫(xiě)了一首敘事詩(shī)《盧斯蘭與柳德米拉》。普希金的政治抒情詩(shī)產(chǎn)生了很大的影響，為此他被沙皇政府政治流放到了南俄。

南方流放時(shí)期

普希金于1820年5月來(lái)到南俄后，先后在葉卡捷琳諾斯拉夫和基希尼奧夫等地逗留，并曾赴高加索和克里米亞等地。南俄一帶是十二月黨人南社的據點(diǎn)，普希金和他們關(guān)系密切，在思想上受他們的影響。流放生活和南方的自然風(fēng)光也在這一時(shí)期普希金的創(chuàng )作中留下了印記。南方流放時(shí)期是普希金浪漫主義詩(shī)歌創(chuàng )作的高潮時(shí)期。在這幾年里，他寫(xiě)下了四部著(zhù)名的浪漫主義敘事詩(shī)：《高加索的俘虜》、《強盜兄弟》、《巴赫切薩拉伊的淚泉》和《茨岡》。1823年，普希金在基希尼奧夫開(kāi)始創(chuàng )作詩(shī)體小說(shuō)《葉甫蓋尼·奧涅金》。南方流放的后期，普希金與奧德薩總督關(guān)系惡化。1824年當局截獲普希金的一封“冒犯”上帝的私人信件，并以此為借口，將普希金放逐到他母親的領(lǐng)地普斯科夫省米哈伊洛夫斯克村，軟禁了起來(lái)。

鄉村幽禁時(shí)期

米哈伊洛夫斯克村十分偏僻，只有老保姆陪伴著(zhù)他。他中斷了與十二月黨人的聯(lián)系，但接近了農奴制度下的農村生活和俄羅斯普通的人民。他在這二年里經(jīng)常到集市上聽(tīng)農民談話(huà)和唱歌，并十分注意收集民間故事和口頭傳說(shuō)。普希金從那里學(xué)習人民的語(yǔ)言，吸取了許多有益的養料，這一切對普希金后來(lái)的創(chuàng )作產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。這兩年里，普希金創(chuàng )作了不少優(yōu)秀的作品，如《囚徒》、《致大?！?、《致凱恩》和《假如生活欺騙了你》等幾十首抒情詩(shī)，敘事詩(shī)《努林伯爵》，歷史劇《鮑里斯·戈都諾夫》，以及《葉甫蓋尼·奧涅金》前六章。

就在他被軟禁在鄉間的時(shí)候，彼得堡爆發(fā)了十二月黨人起義。普希金一直關(guān)心著(zhù)時(shí)態(tài)的發(fā)展。起義失敗后，新上臺的沙皇尼古拉一世為了拉攏詩(shī)人為其服務(wù)，決定將其召回莫斯科。

重返京城時(shí)期

這時(shí)期，普希金寫(xiě)下了不少熱情贊揚十二月黨人的崇高志向的詩(shī)歌，《致西伯利亞的囚徒》就是其中著(zhù)名的一首。1830年秋天，普希金因故滯留波爾金諾，這三個(gè)月成了普希金創(chuàng )作中的豐收時(shí)期。他完成了《葉甫蓋尼·奧涅金》、《別爾金小說(shuō)集》（其中包括《射擊》、《暴風(fēng)雪》、《村姑小姐》和《驛站長(cháng)》等）、四部小型悲劇和幾十首抒情詩(shī)。

普希金與岡察羅娃結婚后，定居彼得堡。他的行動(dòng)仍受到沙皇政府的監視。這一時(shí)期，普希金在創(chuàng )作上仍不斷有優(yōu)秀作品出現，如小說(shuō)《上尉的女兒》、《黑桃皇后》、《杜勃羅夫斯基》、敘事詩(shī)《波爾塔瓦》、《青銅騎士》、抒情詩(shī)《致詩(shī)人》、《秋天》和《紀念碑》等。30年代中期，普希金與當局的矛盾日益加劇，此時(shí)一個(gè)法國流亡者丹特士又放肆地追逐他的妻子，在忍無(wú)可忍的情況下，普希金于1837年2月8日與丹特士決斗，身負重傷，兩天后去世。

歌德

德國著(zhù)名詩(shī)人，歐洲啟蒙運動(dòng)后期最偉大的作家。他生于法蘭克福鎮的一個(gè)富裕市民家庭，曾先后在萊比錫大學(xué)和斯特拉斯堡大學(xué)學(xué)法律，也曾短時(shí)期當過(guò)律師，但主要志趣在文學(xué)創(chuàng )作方面，是德國“狂飆突進(jìn)”的中堅，1775～1786他為改良現實(shí)社會(huì )，應聘到魏瑪公國做官，但一事無(wú)成，他不但沒(méi)戰勝德國市民的鄙俗氣，“相反，倒是鄙俗氣戰勝了他”（馬克思）。于是，1786年6月他化名前往意大利，專(zhuān)心研究自然科學(xué)，從事繪畫(huà)和文學(xué)創(chuàng )作。1788年回到魏瑪后只任劇院監督，政治上傾向保守，藝術(shù)上追求和諧、寧靜的古典美。1794年與席勒交往后，隨著(zhù)歐洲民主、民族運動(dòng)的高漲和空想社會(huì )主義思想的傳播，他的思想和創(chuàng )作也隨之出現了新的飛躍，完成了《浮士德》等代表作。

歌德不僅善繪畫(huà)，對自然科學(xué)有廣泛研究，其創(chuàng )作囊括抒情詩(shī)、無(wú)韻體自由詩(shī)、組詩(shī)、長(cháng)篇敘事詩(shī)、牧童詩(shī)、歷史詩(shī)、歷史劇、悲劇、詩(shī)劇、長(cháng)篇小說(shuō)、短篇小說(shuō)、教育小說(shuō)、書(shū)信體小說(shuō)和自傳體詩(shī)歌、散文等各種體裁的文學(xué)作品。最著(zhù)名的是書(shū)信體小說(shuō)《少年維特之煩惱》（1774）、詩(shī)體哲理悲劇《浮士德》（1774～1831）和長(cháng)篇小說(shuō)《威廉·邁斯特》（1775～1828）?！渡倌昃S持之煩惱》寫(xiě)一個(gè)反對封建習俗，憎惡官僚貴族，跟鄙俗的社會(huì )現實(shí)格格不入，在愛(ài)情上更遭封建勢力摧殘打擊的少年維特憤而自殺的浪漫故事。因反映了一代青年反封建的心聲，受到群眾熱烈的歡迎，使歌德從此亨有世界聲音?！陡⊥恋隆啡〔挠诘聡?6世紀關(guān)于浮士德博士的傳說(shuō)，給以加工改造。把浮士德寫(xiě)成一個(gè)不斷追求、進(jìn)取的理想人物；把他的知識、愛(ài)情、政治、藝術(shù)、副業(yè)等五大發(fā)展階段，都寫(xiě)成以封建政體腐敗、感悟古典美追求的幻滅和“理性王國”藍圖之虛妄為主體內容的悲劇階段；成為歐洲資產(chǎn)階級上升時(shí)期資產(chǎn)階級先進(jìn)人士不斷探索、追求的藝術(shù)概括。悲劇不但結構宏偉，色彩斑斕，融現實(shí)主義、浪漫主義和象征手法為一體，且讓主要人物浮士德和魔鬼靡菲斯特的整個(gè)思想言行都形成善與惡、行與情、成與敗的辯證發(fā)展關(guān)系。作品也因而跟荷馬史詩(shī)、但丁的《神曲》和莎士比亞的《哈姆雷特》并列為歐洲

文學(xué)的四大古典名著(zhù)，《威廉·邁斯特》分《學(xué)習時(shí)代》和《漫游時(shí)代》兩部，內容寫(xiě)主人公走出家門(mén)尋求人生意義的故事，肯定實(shí)踐的重要意義，認定人生的最高理想是以專(zhuān)業(yè)技能力社會(huì )造福。

歌德的《少年維特之煩惱》早在20世紀20年代初，即由郭沫若譯成中文。他的《浮士德》、《赫爾曼與竇綠苔》等作品現己有了中文譯本。

The rare gold of 普 is usually and work brief introduction

Alexander · thanks the cover of 爾 the rare gold(1799 － 1837) of strange · 普 of 維 is great race poet in Russia, is lay foundation stone of realism literature in Russia person, is the creator of the Russian literature language, is also a high peak of the world poem 壇 of 19 centuries.

The 普 rare gold that time generation spoils the son, also the flag of the that time generation.He is the body of the race consciousness now, reflected the Russian people to request the national pride, the independence, social progressive wishes and true feelings in the nation.The rare gold of 普 affects to the Russian native writer huge, have no poet of other nations the ability on this to compare with it.

普 Rare golden teenager's ages

The rare gold of 普 wased born in an ancient nobility family of the Moscow in 1799, the early years was under the influence of the 昂 promise man 娜 of quarter of Luo of the 阿琳 娜 · of the babysitter of a body of serf.1811 enters Peter's fortress 皇 Tsun school.The patriotic fever that war arise in 1812 gives the young 普 the rare gold encourage biggest.During the period of school, he with future December party person the 丘赫 爾伯凱 etc. built up the deep comity.At this time, his verse then can has already started rearing out.In 1814, he read aloud of 《 the 皇 village recall 》 one poem, deep get the applause that present and old poet's hero 爾 checked the text.In 1817, the rare gold graduation of 普 worked in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs behind, and attended" the 阿爾 firm the agency of 瑪斯 " successively with" the green light agency".The party shadow of human figure rings in December under, expected the rare gold of 普 to write down not a few political lyric poetries at this time, attack to make the system and praise the freedom and sympathize with the people's misery particularly, such as 《 free 頌》 (1817), 《 with the result that reach just man 》 (1817), 《 country 》 (1819) etc..He still wrote an epic poetry 《 the virtuous rice of the 盧斯蘭 and 柳s pull 》 .The political lyric poetry of the rare gold of 普 produced the very big influence, for this he was banished the south 俄 by the sand 皇 government politics.

The south banishes the period

Rare gold of 普 in May of 1820 arrives at the south 俄 after, successively at leaf the card 捷 琳 promise 斯 pulls the grounds such as man and the 基 rare 尼 奧 man etc. sojourn, and once leave for high add the grounds, such as 索 and Crimean...etc..South 俄 on take is December party person the base of the south agency, the rare gold of 普 relates to with them closely, be subjected to their influence on the thought.The natural landscape that banishes the life and souths also leaves to print to record in this at that time expect 普 hope gold of create.The south banish period is a rare gold romantic doctrine verse of 普 creations of high tide period.Within this several years, he wrote down romantic doctrine epic poetry of the four-part of 著(zhù) :《 High add the captive of the 索》 , 《 robber's brothers 》 , 《 the Bach slices the tears spring that the 薩 pulls the 伊》 and 《 the 茨岡》 .In 1823, the rare gold of 普 is in the 基 the rare man of 尼奧 started create the poem body novel 《 the leaf just covered the 尼 · 奧涅 gold 》 .The south expects after banish of, the 普 rare gold and the 奧 virtuous 薩 governor of province relation depravations.The authorities intercepted and seize a private letter that"ed violate openly" God of the rare gold of 普 in 1824, and took this as to borrow, keeping under house arrest the territory 普 斯 section man province rice 哈 伊洛 man 斯 gram Tsun that the rare gold of 普 exiled his mother, to get up.

The country imprisons the period

The rice 哈 伊洛 man 斯 gram Tsun is very strange, onlying have the old babysitter to keep company with him.He broke off with December party person's contact, but neared to serf's system under of village life and Russia common of people.He usually goes to gather to hear the farmer conversation and sing a song up the city within this two years, and notice to collect the folk tales and oral communication legends very.The rare gold of 普 studies the people's language whence, absorbing many beneficial nutritions, the rare to普 later creations of gold of all these produced the very big influence.This two years in, the rare gold of 普 created not a few excellent works, such as 《 prisoner 》 , 《 with the result that ocean 》 , 《 with the result that boon of 凱》 and 《 if the life cheated you 》 several ten lyric poetries of etc., epic poetry 《 wood's count of 努》 , the history play 《鮑 in the 斯 · 戈s are all the promise man 》 , and 《 the leaf just covers the 尼 · 奧涅 gold 》 ex- six.

Was keep under house arrest at him time in countryside, Peter's fortress broke out December party the person start revolution.The rare gold of 普 hases been concern the development of the tense.After starting revolution the failure, the lately- go on stage sand 皇尼 the thou pulls one a life time for drawing together the poet to serve for it, decide to return its 召 Moscow.

Return the capital city period

Expect at this time, the rare gold of 普 writes down not a few enthusiasms to speak favorably December party verse of the person's lofty life ambition, 《 with the result that the prisoner of Siberia 》 is among them a head of the of 著(zhù) .Autumn in 1830, 普 rare gold because of past be detained the Boer gold promise, these three months became the 普 rare abundant period within the gold creations.He completed 《 the leaf just covers the 尼 · 奧涅 gold 》 , 《 do not the novel of 爾 gold gather 》 ( among them include 《 shoot 》 , 《 blizzard 》 , 《 the village 姑 young lady 》 and 《 the courier station is long 》 etc.), four-part and small scaled tragedy and several ten lyric poetries.

The 普 rare gold and the 岡察s Luo is after 娃 get married, settling down Peter's fortress.His activity still is keep watch on by the sand 皇 government.This expects at that time, the rare gold of 普 still appears the excellent work continuously on the creations, such as the novel 《 the daughter of the captain 》 , 《 black peach empress 》 , 《 the 杜勃 Luo the man 斯基》 , epic poetry 《 the Boer tower tile 》 , 《 bronze knight 》 , lyric poetry 《 with the result that poet 》 , 《 autumn 》 and 《 monument 》 etc..30's middle, the 普 rare gold and the antinomy of the authoritieses turn worse increasingly, at this time a French exile 丹 especially the private pursue his wife unbridledly again, under the condition of unbearable, 普 rare gold on February 8 in 1837 and 丹 especially the private duel, body negative severely wounded, two divas die.

The song is virtuous

The German 著(zhù) anthologist person, Europe expects the greatest writer after enlighten the sport.He was born in a wealthy citizenry's family of Frankfurt's town, comparing the tin university and 斯s to especially pull the 斯 fortress university to learn the law in the 萊 once and successively, also once the short period is the lawyer, but the main aspiration creates the aspect in the literature, is the main force of" the hurricane onrush" of Germany,1775-1786 in order to improve the actuality society, he accept appointment the Wei the 瑪 principality an official, but a matter have not results to show, he did not win the 鄙 of the German citizenry not only tiresome," contrary, pour is a 鄙 tiresome won him".( the mark think)Hence, he uses alias to go to Italy in June 1786, studying the natural science with concentration, being engaged in the painting and literature creationses.After returning to Wei 瑪 in 1788 allowed the direct of the theater only, the political inclined to up conservative, pursued the diapason, quite classicality in the art beautiful.After 1794 and a 勒s associate, along with the upsurge that European democracy, race exercise and cloud-castle the dissemination that socialism thought, his thought and creations also appears immediately to leap lately, completing 《 float the private virtuous 》 etc. the representative make.

The song not only is virtuous well painting, have the extensive research to the natural science, its creations bags the lyric poetry, has no 韻 body free verse, a poem, grows an epic poetry, shepherd boy poem, history poem, history play, tragedy, poem play, novel, short story and educates the literature work of various forms, such as novel, the letter body novel and autobiography body verses and prose...etc..Most the of 著(zhù) is the letter body novel 《 young 維 especially its agony 》 (1774), the poem body philosophy tragedy 《 float the private virtuous 》 (1774-1831) and novel 《 William · exceeds the 斯 especially 》 .(1775-1828)《 The young maintenance its agony 》 write an objection feudalism custom, the detestation bureaucrat nobility, is inharmonious with the 鄙 vulgar society actuality, even encounter romantic story that the young 維 that the feudalism influence tramples upon the stroke especially commits suicide in anger on the love.Because reflected the generation youth true feelings of the anti- feudalism, be subjected to the crowd warmly welcome, make song virtuous from now on the 亨 has the world voice.《 Float the soil virtuous 》 get material from Germany for 16 centuries concerning legend that floats the virtuous Doctor of private, give to process the reformation.Float the private virtuous write a pursue continuously, enterprising ideal person;Chase the five greatest developments stages, such as his knowledge, love, politics, art and sideline...etc., all write with the feudalism form of government is corrupt, the feeling 悟 is classic beautiful pursue of melt into nothingness and absurd" the reasonableness Kingdom" blue print for the tragedy stage of the corpus contents;The art that becomes the European propertied class to rise the advanced personage of period propertied class to investigate, pursue continuously generalize.The tragedy not only the structure grandiosity, the color is rich in hues, melting the realism and romantic doctrine and symbolizing the skill as integral whole, but also lets the leading figure float the private virtuous and the devil 靡 菲斯 especially whole thought the words and actions to become well with bad, go with the feeling and become with the 敗 of the dialectical development relation.Work also as a result and Homer epic, but D of 《 the absolute being song 》 and Shakespeare of 《 Hamlet 》 be juxtaposed for Europe

Four 著(zhù)s of the literature, 《 William · exceeds the 斯 especially 》 cent 《 study ages 》 and 《 travel extensively the ages 》 two, the contents writes the host Mr. comes out the story that the family looks for the life meaning, affirming the important meaning of the fulfillment, affirm the life of tallest ideal bring benefit to with the professional technical ability dint society.

The song is virtuous 《 young 維 especially its agony 》 as early as the beginning of 20's in 20 centuries, namely from the 郭沫 if translate Chinese.His 《 float the private virtuous 》 , 《 green 苔 of the 赫爾曼 and 竇s 》 etc. work now privately owned Chinese translate originally.