How computers can cure cultural diabetes

　Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aero-plane window and realize that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cell-phone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true。

　The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labor to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. 41. Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day。

　41. 選[C]; 理由是上文提到一些人士，比如天才geniuses, 武士warriors, 企業(yè)家entrepreneurs and 翻唱組合(visionaries) 等發(fā)明了一臺神奇的機器(create a fabulous machine, 后面又提到這些機器的例子。C選項中出現了關(guān)鍵的代詞they，它用來(lái)指代前面提到的一些人名，謂語(yǔ)代詞develop such a device屬于同義詞替換來(lái)達到主題一致這一重要原則。

　The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production (you can make stuff)， means of distribution (you can upload stuff to the network)， site of reception (you can download stuff and interact with it)， and locus of praise and critique (you can talk about the stuff you have downloaded or uploaded). The computer is the 21st century's culture machine。

　But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution. 42. This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading - between passive consumption and active creation - whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine. I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realize that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing。

　42. 選[D]，主要理由是整個(gè)段落是在分析原因。第一句講到有理由來(lái)慶祝電腦帶來(lái)的好處(即上一段提到的好處)，但我們必須也要謹慎小心(tread with caution)，因此作者在這一段是要轉折其對電腦的態(tài)度了。接下來(lái)這句話(huà)I call it a secret war很重要，說(shuō)明這一句前面應該提到這些關(guān)鍵詞a secret war, 最后作者列出了其中的兩個(gè)理由。解題關(guān)鍵：轉折關(guān)系；關(guān)鍵詞重復；代詞指代。

　All animals download, but only a few upload anything besides faces and their own bodies. Beavers build dams, birds make nests and termites create mounds, yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy. 43. Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity。

　43. 選[A]。上文提到動(dòng)物和人的一些區別特征，[A]選項里剛好有these superfluous things 這些指示代詞來(lái)指代前面提到的這些東西，所以這個(gè)選項也恰好是對前面的句子內容在總結歸納。

　For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. 44. One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading。

　44. 選[F]，是在分析原因，選項中出現了關(guān)鍵詞重復pyramid of production，和選項[D]構成強烈的干擾，但是一比較我們發(fā)現，盡管都是在說(shuō)原因，但是原因離得關(guān)鍵名詞不同，選項[D]的關(guān)鍵詞是computer(電腦)，也就是主題詞不同，屬于主題詞要一致的做題依據。

　Television is a one-way spigot gushing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after they have turned it on. 45. The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading。

　45. 選[G]，networked computer和上文的TV構成轉折關(guān)系(Reverse the flow)。具體分析鏈接黃濤博客http://blog.sina.com.cn/huangtaokaoyan

　What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of "stickiness" - creations and experiences to which others adhere.