?antiquity

antiquity 發(fā)音

英：[?n?t?kw?ti]　　美：[?n?t?kw?ti]

英：　　美：

antiquity 中文意思翻譯

antiquity 詞性/詞形變化，antiquity變形

復數--antiquities。

antiquity 短語(yǔ)詞組

1、since antiquity ─── 自古以來(lái)

2、antiquity blue ─── 古藍色

3、antiquity lead ─── 古代鉛

4、of great antiquity ─── 古老的,歷史悠久的

5、Doubting Antiquity School ─── 疑古派

6、of high antiquity ─── 古色 ─── 古香

7、trace the antiquity of ─── 探溯…的由來(lái)

8、antiquity wizard101 ─── 古代巫師101

9、antiquity journal ─── 古代期刊

10、antiquity definition ─── 古代定義

11、classical antiquity ─── 古典時(shí)代

12、in dim antiquity ─── 在遙遠的古代

13、of antiquity ─── 古代的

14、antiquity meaning ─── 古代意義

antiquity 相似詞語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)

1、antiquities ─── n.古代史（書(shū)名）；古文明之戰（游戲名）

2、antiquary ─── n.古文物研究者，古董商人，收集古文物者

3、antiquey ─── adj.外表古舊的

4、iniquity ─── n.邪惡；不公正

5、anticavity ─── n.預防蛀牙；adj.防齲的

6、antiquely ─── 古代

7、antiquing ─── v.以仿古式樣制作（antique的現在分詞）

8、antiquate ─── v.廢棄，使……過(guò)時(shí)；使……具有古舊形式或風(fēng)格

9、anticity ─── 反城市

antiquity 習慣用語(yǔ)

1、high antiquity ─── 遠古時(shí)代

antiquity 常見(jiàn)例句（雙語(yǔ)使用場(chǎng)景）

1、The cushion principle of packaging box for antiquity, ancient book, and art craft was analyzed.The materials for the packaging box were introduced. ─── 分析囊匣在保護文物、古籍、藝術(shù)品中的防震、抗震的緩沖原理，介紹制作此種文物包裝的各種原材料。

2、The legend of the Tang dynasty is a monumental work of the antiquity fiction history and exploits new writing space for the later creation. ─── 唐傳奇是中國古代小說(shuō)史上的一塊重要的里程碑，為后世小說(shuō)創(chuàng )作開(kāi)辟了廣闊的空間。

3、Not one word about the magic power of music in antiquity seems to me improbable when I am under the spell of her simple melody. ─── 在她簡(jiǎn)單旋律的魔力之下，關(guān)于古老音樂(lè )具有魔力的說(shuō)法，我覺(jué)得句句都有可能。

4、Annoy people, and yet require them to die, to exhaust their strength, from antiquity till today has never been heard of. ─── 給別人增添很多麻煩，而又要求人家為你效死盡力，是從古至今，沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)的。

5、The legendary Fu Tai Hao's on Wan Li was born in Taiwan, Tai Hao in the mountains of antiquity, the development of tourism prospects. ─── 傳說(shuō)中的太昊伏羲氏就出生在李家灣村的古風(fēng)臺太昊山上，發(fā)展旅游業(yè)前景廣闊。

6、A philosopher is solely concerned with conducting dialogues with the great souls from ancient antiquity to the contemporary era.In reading books, he converses with the ancients. ─── 哲學(xué)家只是一味地同古往今來(lái)的靈魂交談--他讀書(shū)，是同古昔人物交談；

7、The official emblem of the State of Israel is a candelabrum (menorah), whose shape is said to be derived from the seven-branched moriah, a plant known since antiquity. ─── 國徽：為長(cháng)方形盾徽。藍色盾面上有一個(gè)七杈燭臺，據記載此燭臺為耶路撒冷圣殿中點(diǎn)燃祭壇的物件。燭臺兩旁飾以橄欖枝，象征猶太人對和平的渴望。

8、He had, or thought that he had, a connivance, one might almost say a complicity, of events in his favor, which was equivalent to the invulnerability of antiquity. ─── 他曾經(jīng)受過(guò)，或者自以為受過(guò)多次事變的默許，甚至幾乎可以說(shuō)，受過(guò)多次事變的包庇，使他成為一個(gè)類(lèi)似古代那種金剛不壞之身的人物。

9、His heroic swift and fierce dancing, soul sound of fear, with a heavy Yanzhao antiquity. ─── 其舞姿剽悍壯烈,聲懾魂魄,具有濃重的燕趙古風(fēng)。

10、But when my glass shows me myself indeed,Beated and chopp'd with tann'd antiquity,Mine own self-love quite contrary I read;Self so self-loving were iniquity. ─── 但當我的鏡子照出我的真相，全被那焦黑的老年剁得稀爛，我對于自愛(ài)又有相反的感想：這樣溺愛(ài)著(zhù)自己實(shí)在是罪愆。

11、The necessary conditions were lacking in antiquity for a development and utilization of machinery. ─── 古代并沒(méi)有為發(fā)展及利用機器所必要的各種條件。

12、But when my glass shows me myself indeed Beated and chopp'd with tanned antiquity, Mine own self-love quite contrary I read；Self so self-loving were iniquity. ─── 其他報刊、雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò )媒體欲轉載、鏈接、轉貼或者以其他方式復制本文，務(wù)必注明“酷酷英語(yǔ)網(wǎng)”字樣。

13、One of the frenzied aspirations of the populace was, for imitations of the questionable public virtues of antiquity, and for sacrifices and self-immolations on the people's altar. ─── 人群的一個(gè)瘋狂理想是追效一種頗有問(wèn)題的古代道德，以自我犧牲作為人民祭壇上的祭品。

14、Though we may wish that others accompany us in death (as did rulers in several cultures of antiquity) still dying remains the loneliest of human experiences. ─── 盡管我們可能希望其他人陪我們死去（就像古代很多文化中的君主一樣），但死亡仍然是人類(lèi)最孤獨的體驗。

15、The company is the Henan Province copperware scale of production in the style of antiquity is big, the technical force abundant well-known enterprise. ─── 公司是河南省仿古銅器生產(chǎn)規模較大、技術(shù)力量雄厚的知名企業(yè)。

16、The lyrics to the Olympic hymn are "immortal spirit of antiquity".The Olympic hymn was first played at the 1896 Games but wasn't declared the official hymn by the IOC until 1957. ─── 奧運會(huì )圣歌的歌詞是“古代不朽之神”，奧運圣歌首次演奏是在1896年奧運會(huì )上，但直到1957年，才由國際奧委會(huì )宣布為正式會(huì )歌。

17、His tastes addict him to the study of antiquity. ─── 嗜好使他沉迷于研究古代的事物。

18、Here antiquity and modernity mingle harmoniously. ─── 古老與現代在這里融合。

19、Although several ancient cultures practiced mummification, mummies from ancient Egypt are generally more well-preserved than mummies of similar antiquity from other cultures. ─── 盡管有幾個(gè)古代文化有木乃伊化的習俗，但古埃及的木乃伊通常比其他文化中類(lèi)似古代的木乃伊保存得更好。

20、In antiquity all metal was a valuable commodity and rarely wasted. ─── 在古代，所有的金屬都是貴重物品，很少被浪費。

21、It includes masterpieces from Greek and Roman eras and beyond into antiquity. ─── 也有古希臘和古羅馬時(shí)期以及更早時(shí)代的藝術(shù)杰作。

22、Mechanical comminution and chemical methods were all used in China and India antiquity for making gold powder. ─── 古代中國和印度采用機械法和化學(xué)法制造金粉，其金粉技術(shù)和應用都有久遠的歷史，但也有若干差異。

23、Its origin dates back to remote antiquity. ─── 它起源于遠古時(shí)期。

24、Some of the third-story rooms, though dark and low, were interesting from their air of antiquity. ─── 三樓有幾個(gè)房間雖然又暗又低，但是有點(diǎn)古色古香，十分有趣。

25、Langzhong develops from remote antiquity and is developing into a harmonious movement of heaven, earth and human beings. ─── 地處中國西部、嘉陵江中游的古閬中，山川形勝，秀絕寰宇，宛若仙境。

26、Surgical disease, or the surgical response to disease is of similar antiquity. ─── 外科疾病或對疾病的外科處理的歷史同樣久遠。

27、Cold Food Festival originated from a fairy tale about the birth of a mysterious bird and the custom of "no fire" in remote antiquity. ─── 寒食節來(lái)源于遠古的玄鳥(niǎo)降生神話(huà)與禁火習俗,人們在寒食節時(shí)吃的雞蛋、蒸燕等食品就是玄鳥(niǎo)降生神話(huà)的遺留。

28、The period in European history between antiquity and the Renaissance,often dated from a.d.476 to 1453. ─── 中世紀歐洲歷史上的古代與文藝復興之間的時(shí)期，通常被認為是從公元476年到1453年

29、It nearly always plunged him into the shadow and antiquity whose existence in "my dear native land" he had denied. ─── 他幾乎總是被拉進(jìn)他所不承認的“我親愛(ài)的國土”上的陰影和過(guò)去。

30、The culture of antiquity was rediscovered. ─── 古代文化重見(jiàn)天日。

31、Shihchi records, antiquity time, Chu being in vogue witch wind, the people believe in polytheism. ─── 史記記載，上古時(shí)代，楚地盛行巫風(fēng)，人們信奉多神教。

32、She stimulates interest in history by taking her students to historic sites and having them experience antiquity in person. ─── 她帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生參觀(guān)歷史古跡，讓學(xué)生親自感受什么是古老，從而激發(fā)他們對歷史的興趣。

33、Not only Grote, but also Niebuhr, Mommsen and all the other historians of classical antiquity, have come to grief over the gens. ─── 不僅格羅特，而且尼布爾、蒙森以及迄今為止的其它一切古典歷史學(xué)家，都沒(méi)有解決氏族問(wèn)題。

34、From antiquity till today. ─── 從遠古直到今天。

35、But what captivated him above all were the famous monumental sculptures from classical antiquity in the Farnese collection in Naples. ─── 但是，最能捕獲畢加索的是那不勒斯的法爾內塞古董收藏品中一些著(zhù)名的紀念雕塑。

36、How to produce genius is a very old question, one that has occupied philosophers since antiquity. ─── 如何產(chǎn)生天才這是一個(gè)古老的問(wèn)題，自從古代開(kāi)始它就占據哲學(xué)家們心頭。

37、They come to enjoy the antique and traditional but are often less enchanted by the accommodation and catering, which may share the antiquity. ─── 他們?yōu)樾蕾p古老的與傳統的習俗而來(lái)，可常常并不那么醉心于這里的食宿，雖然這種食宿可能帶有古老的風(fēng)味。

38、The Master said,"I transmit and do not creat.I believe in and love antiquity,secretly comparing myself to our Lao Peng. ─── 孔子說(shuō)，“只闡述而不創(chuàng )作，篤信并愛(ài)好文化古典，我私下把自己比坐老彭?！?/p>

39、Immortal spirit of antiquity, Father of the ture,beautiful and good. ─── 古代不朽之神，美麗、偉大而正直的圣潔之父。

40、Scholars scoured Europe's monastic libraries, searching for works of antiquity which had fallen into obscurity. ─── 學(xué)者沖刷歐洲的修道院圖書(shū)館，尋找工程的古物，其中已陷入不了了之。

41、The Mozarabic liturgy contains one element found in no other liturgy of equal antiquity. ─── 它接在圣經(jīng)朗讀之后．旨在激起宗教熱情。

42、Since antiquity till the formation of national ecological civilization, human beings had been following the self-organizing strategy of interdependence-symbiosis. ─── 人類(lèi)從誕生到民族生態(tài)文明的形成，遵循著(zhù)依生-共生的自組織策略；

43、This theory derives from the special traditional culture about the center of human and the basis of people in remote antiquity in China. ─── 它源于中國遠古以人為中心、以民為本的特有文化傳統。

44、There is necessarily required a certain modicum of antiquity in a race, and the wrinkle of the centuries cannot be improvised. ─── 可是并非任何一個(gè)家族都可以拿來(lái)當作一個(gè)王族的世系。

45、Beer is a beverage of the most remote antiquity. ─── 啤酒是一種最古老的飲料。

46、The museum contains the remains of Chinese antiquity. ─── 博物館藏有中國古代的遺物。

47、One cannot even say that the subjects of antiquity's theory of knowledge did not realize that. ─── 我們甚至不能說(shuō)，古人的知識的理論，會(huì )沒(méi)有體會(huì )到這一點(diǎn)。

48、Mexico's handicap is not so much her youth as the antiquity of her Spanish traditions, which have not managed to march with the times. ─── 墨西哥的不利因素與其說(shuō)是其活力不足，不如說(shuō)是落后于時(shí)代的古老西班牙傳統太強，這些老傳統趕不上時(shí)代潮流。

49、She was known in antiquity as a great poet: Plato called her “the tenth Muse” and her likeness appeared on coins. ─── 人們只知道她是上古時(shí)代的一位偉大的詩(shī)人：柏拉圖曾譽(yù)之為“第十位繆斯”，詩(shī)人的肖像曾上過(guò)硬幣。

50、The person monster love novel on in the reflection society's way, the change idea, certain theme content these aspects derived the nutrient from the antiquity myth. ─── 人妖戀小說(shuō)在對社會(huì )的反映、物的幻化、材的選擇等方面都從上古神話(huà)中汲取了養分。

51、Vegetable indigo was the most important and most extensively used dyestuff of antiquity. ─── 在古代,植物靛藍是應用最廣泛和最重要的染料。

52、What little love there was between husband and wife in antiquity is not so much subjective inclination as objective duty, not the cause of the marriage, but its corollary. ─── 古代所僅有的那一點(diǎn)夫婦之愛(ài)，并不是主觀(guān)的愛(ài)好，而是客觀(guān)的義務(wù)； 不是婚姻的基礎，而是婚姻的附加物。

53、Originally, the "Goths" was a barbarian tribe in the period of the Late Antiquity, which, as an opposition to the Roman civilization, symbolized "dark," "savage" and "ignorance. ─── “哥特”本是歐洲“后古典文明時(shí)期”一個(gè)未開(kāi)化的民族，長(cháng)期作為“羅馬文明”的對立面留存于史冊，并與“黑暗”、“野蠻”、“愚昧”等負面修飾詞畫(huà)上了等號。

54、Greek historian. Considered the greatest historian of antiquity,he wrote a critical history of the Peloponnesian War that contains the funeral oration of Pericles. ─── 修希德狄斯希臘歷史學(xué)家，曾被認為是遠古時(shí)代最偉大的歷史學(xué)家，著(zhù)有一部關(guān)于伯羅奔尼撒戰爭的批評史，其中有佩里克萊斯的葬禮演講。

55、In Greek and Roman antiquity homosexuality was already considered a mental illness. ─── 在古希臘和古羅馬，同性戀就已經(jīng)被人認為是精神疾病。

56、Childhood is antiquity, and with the sense of time and the sense of mystery is connected for ever the hearing of a lullaby. ─── 友誼就是一切。友誼比才能更重要，比政府更重要，它和家庭幾乎是可劃等號的。千萬(wàn)別忘記這一點(diǎn)。

57、Northern artists increasingly traveled to Italy where they were exposed to the art of antiquity as well as the art of Renaissance Italy. ─── 北藝術(shù)家越來(lái)越多地前往意大利他們在那里接觸到古老的藝術(shù)，以及藝術(shù)的文藝復興時(shí)期意大利。

58、The museum contains the remains of Chinese antiquity. ─── 博物館藏有中國古代的遺物。

59、Also, tests done on internal tissue samples from ancient Egyptian mummies have revealed traces of chemicals only found in the Americas in antiquity, such as tobacco and coca. ─── 同時(shí)，也對來(lái)自古埃及木乃伊內部的薄紗織品樣品作了測試，結果明白，其化學(xué)物質(zhì)只能是來(lái)自古代的美洲，例如是煙草和古柯。

60、Sounding Mr. Cruncher, and finding him of her opinion, Miss Pross resorted to The Good Republican Brutus of Antiquity, attended by her cavalier. ─── 她探聽(tīng)了一下克朗徹先生的口氣，覺(jué)得跟自己意見(jiàn)相同，便在這位“騎士”護送下往“共和古英豪布魯塔斯”走去。

61、The Christian senses a familiar ring of antiquity to this supposedly new sound. ─── 基督徒對這種所謂新調子并不陌生。

62、timbers that closed the recovered end of the boat had been removed in antiquity when it was abandoned, but much about its original shape could be deduced. ─── 在古代，當船被廢棄的時(shí)候，用來(lái)封閉船的末端的木頭已經(jīng)被清除，但可以推斷出其原始形狀。

63、The person monster love novel and the antiquity myth has the very deep origin relations. ─── 人妖戀小說(shuō)與上古神話(huà)有著(zhù)很深的淵源關(guān)系。

64、Cappadocian Fathers review the theological debates between Nicene Fathers and Arianism since 325, and established Greek Christian theological paradigm in Late Antiquity. ─── 卡帕多西亞教父在與新阿里烏主義的論辯中總結公元325年以來(lái)尼西亞神學(xué)論爭的得失，確立了古代晚期希臘基督教神學(xué)的典范。

65、Capella is in the constellation Auriga the Charioteer, but since antiquity it has carried the name “Goat Star. ─── 五車(chē)二是御夫星座中的其中一顆星，但是從很早以前它便開(kāi)始被稱(chēng)為山羊座。

66、Beijing can be said to have the charm of antiquity as well as the spirit of modernity indeed. ─── 可以說(shuō)，北京既有古典風(fēng)韻，又具時(shí)尚氣息。

67、A monumental human creation regarded with awe, especially one of seven monuments of the ancient world that appeared on various lists of late antiquity. ─── 奇觀(guān)以敬畏看待的不朽的人類(lèi)創(chuàng )造，尤指列于近古各種表中的古代世界七大奇觀(guān)之一

68、"Seven Wonders of the World: Preeminent architectural and sculptural achievements of antiquity, as listed by various Greco-Roman observers. ─── 世界七大奇觀(guān): 由眾多希臘-羅馬觀(guān)察家列舉出的卓越的古代建筑及雕刻成就。

69、But Plato is the only one among all the teachers of antiquity who from sheer love for a perfect world ever came to preach a doctrine of intolerance. ─── 不過(guò)人非圣賢，孰能無(wú)過(guò)。但柏拉圖確實(shí)古代眾多理論家中唯一的一個(gè)出于對完美精神世界的摯愛(ài)而鼓吹不寬容的人。

70、Small, usually ornamental objects valued for their antiquity, rarity, originality, or sentimental associations. ─── 小擺設用作裝飾的小物件，由于其獨特、稀有、新穎或有情感的聯(lián)系而有價(jià)值

71、The period in European history between antiquity and the Renaissance, often dated from a.d. 476 to 1453. ─── 中世紀：歐洲歷史上的古代與文藝復興之間的時(shí)期，通常被認為是從公元476年到1453年。

72、Cannabis has been used for medicinal purposes since antiquity. ─── 大麻自遠古以來(lái)就被作為藥用。

73、Since Antiquity, the hill of Gebel Barkal has been strongly associated with religious traditions and folklore. ─── 博爾戈爾山自古就與宗教傳統和當地民俗緊密相連。

74、Antiquity（15） experts and police are working on a plan to recover（16） the treasures. ─── 受苦的不只是建筑本身，成千上萬(wàn)件古董、抄本、本書(shū)遭竊，還有古代皇族的石雕、寶、器，以及歷史上最古老的文字稿。

75、Says Rodgers: "This is the sort of data that historians of antiquity drool over. ─── 他說(shuō)：“這類(lèi)資料正是古代史研究學(xué)者夢(mèng)寐以求的?！?/p>

76、His poetry often deals with antiquity: old men, old buildings, lineage, children confronted with the ancient mystery of death. ─── 他在詩(shī)中寫(xiě)的是古色古香的事物；老人、舊建筑物、血統、面對秘不可解的死亡的兒童。

77、The Babel of antiquity foreshadows the babble of 1991. ─── 古代的巴別塔正是現今的預兆。

78、Confucian culture theory of mind and natural instincts is marrow and kernel of Confucian moral education, which is based on the early antiquity humanism of Chinese. ─── 儒家心性修養論是儒家德育思想的精髓和核心。

79、Concern with metaknowledge dates to antiquity,especially to some of the analyses of Socrates,Plato,and Aristotle. ─── 關(guān)于知識更新可回溯到古代，尤其是可以回溯到蘇哥拉第、柏拉圖、亞里斯多德的某些分析。

80、The halophyte flora in Xinjiang was dominated by single-species and few-species genera, with marked superior phenomenon.Most of the flora was xeromorphy and antiquity. ─── 單種屬、寡種屬多，優(yōu)勢現象明顯，植物區系具有強烈的旱生性和古老性，特有成分比較低，中國特有成分僅1屬。

81、A computer in antiquity would seem to be an anachronism, like Athena ordering takeout on her cellphone. ─── 說(shuō)古代就有計算機，就好像談雅典娜通過(guò)手機叫外賣(mài)一樣，似乎是不合時(shí)宜。

82、From Jericho to the Dead Sea, Herodion to Masada, it revisits the great sites of antiquity and shines new light on their incredible past. ─── 在圣地，你可以花上幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間去探索，卻只能領(lǐng)略一些皮毛而已。

83、It took another six millennia, to the days of classical antiquity, for cities of more than100,000 people to develop. ─── 又經(jīng)過(guò)了大約6千年，直到傳統古典時(shí)期，超過(guò)100,000的人口為規模的城市才逐步出現。

84、Thus said Darius, the King: That is why we are called Achaemenians; from antiquity we have been nobel; from antiquity has our race been royal. ─── 大流士王制曰：此即人稱(chēng)吾等為阿黑美尼人之緣故。寡人之族古來(lái)即為貴族，寡人之族人古來(lái)即為王者。

85、His silly jokes, chestnuts of great antiquity, made Bertha sweat coldly. ─── 他那些愚蠢的玩笑，早已過(guò)時(shí)的餿話(huà)弄得麗莎直冒冷汗。

86、Inventions unknown to antiquity. ─── 古人所不知的發(fā)明

87、The beautiful women from antiquity she impersonates always call themselves "Nu Jia". ─── 她扮演的古代佳人總是自稱(chēng)“奴家”。

88、And now the standard of English in London compared to American English has great antiquity. The old mainly in terms of respect. ─── 與現在標準的倫敦英語(yǔ)相比，美國英語(yǔ)具有很大的古老性?其古老性主要表現在用詞方面。

89、Greek historian. Considered the greatest historian of antiquity, he wrote a critical history of the Peloponnesian War that contains the funeral oration of Pericles. ─── 修希德狄斯希臘歷史學(xué)家，曾被認為是遠古時(shí)代最偉大的歷史學(xué)家，著(zhù)有一部關(guān)于伯羅奔尼撒戰爭的批評史，其中有佩里克萊斯的葬禮演講

為什么有人說(shuō)歐洲中世紀黑暗？

表現在方方面面……筆者這里從十至十一世紀的歐洲基督教會(huì )這一角度來(lái)講一講：

自步入中世紀以來(lái)，圣職（基督教會(huì )職位）的任命通常都是由各地的世俗政權所掌控的。君主們或者用圣職來(lái)獎勵為自己忠實(shí)服務(wù)的教士，或者作價(jià)出售，將販賣(mài)圣職當做自己的一個(gè)重要收入來(lái)源。

由于圣職一般附帶有一定規模的土地與財產(chǎn)。尤其是主教和修道院院長(cháng)的職位，往往不僅擁有宗教管理權，還擁有世俗統治權，故而更是與大批財富和土地緊密相連。于是，貪污、受賄、買(mǎi)賣(mài)圣職、娶妻、通奸、**情婦，教會(huì )內的各種腐敗自然接踵而來(lái)。

公元904年-964年間，羅馬教廷的實(shí)權落到了兩名羅馬貴族婦女的家族手中。奧多拉和馬洛吉亞母女，同馬洛吉亞的情夫合謀殺害教宗利奧五世及對立教宗思篤，情夫得以即位為教宗塞爾吉烏斯三世，就此開(kāi)創(chuàng )了羅馬教廷的“**婦政治”時(shí)代。

馬洛吉亞用美色等各式手段控制教宗，擅行廢立，將自己的私生子推上宗座。她的子孫中有六人（約翰十一世、約翰十二世、本尼狄克七世、本尼狄克八世、約翰十九世、本尼狄克九世）先后成為教宗。其中的本尼狄克九世，可謂中世紀基督教會(huì )腐敗墮落的集大成者。

本尼狄克九世第一次成為教宗時(shí)只有12歲，品行敗壞、放蕩異常。公元1045年5月，由于其試圖公開(kāi)結婚，便將教宗之位以650公斤黃金的價(jià)格賣(mài)給了自己的義父（即教宗格里高利六世）。很快他又突然反悔，重新參與宗座爭奪，與格里高利六世、西爾維斯特三世互不相讓?zhuān)率沽_馬城里一時(shí)有三名彼此對立的教宗同時(shí)存在。直到1046年，“羅馬人的國王”海因里希三世帶兵進(jìn)入羅馬，將這三個(gè)教宗一起廢黜，鬧劇才告一段落。

為什么有人說(shuō)歐洲中世紀黑暗？

歐洲的中世紀一般是指的11世紀至14世紀，此時(shí)已跨過(guò)了漫長(cháng)的黑暗時(shí)代，進(jìn)入基督教文明，特別是在藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域，很多即使在今天也是大放光彩。

最深刻的當屬建筑藝術(shù)，當然主要集中在教堂方面，當時(shí)的人們表現對基督教更加的虔誠，建設教堂真的是有錢(qián)的出錢(qián)，有力的出力。很難想象，一個(gè)大教堂可以建上幾百年，一代又一代的不知疲倦的干，如果沒(méi)有虔誠的信仰很難有這樣的動(dòng)力。

其中代表中世紀教堂建筑主要形式為羅馬式和哥特式，伽利略做試驗的斜塔和比薩大教堂就是羅馬式建筑；哥特式建筑主要有巴黎、米蘭、科隆的大教堂等，以及倫敦的諸多國王或女王加冕所在地即著(zhù)名的威斯敏斯特大教堂。教堂內部同樣美輪美奐。

繪畫(huà)方面以喬托的作品達到中世紀的巔峰。馬上進(jìn)入文藝復興的但丁也是同時(shí)代的哦。所以說(shuō)中世紀文明是歐洲從黑暗時(shí)代進(jìn)入文藝復興進(jìn)而步入歐洲近代文明的過(guò)渡。