低估的英文,undervaluation是什么意思,undervaluation中文翻譯,undervaluation發(fā)音、用法及例句
?undervaluation
undervaluation發(fā)音
英:['?nd??v?lj?'e???n] 美:['?nd??v?lj?'e???n]
英: 美:
undervaluation中文意思翻譯
n. 低估 ... 之價(jià)值; 低估; 看輕
undervaluation常見(jiàn)例句
1 、It's a great piece of equipment, and we were undervaluing it.─── 這個(gè)設備很好 是我們估價(jià)估低了
2 、A long undervaluation has merely corrected itself.───貨幣能在長(cháng)時(shí)間的低估中自我調整。
3 、Just don't undervalue what we have, that is all I ask.─── 但請別低估我們這么多年的感情 那是我唯一的所求
4 、Correcting the undervaluation is even more important for another, fundamental reason: to encourage more structurally optimal resource allocation over time.───修正人民幣估值過(guò)低,更由于另一個(gè)更重要的、基本的原因:鼓勵將來(lái)資源從結構上被更為優(yōu)化地配置。
5 、The undervaluation of the yuan, which can be inferred from the tremendous build-up of foreign exchange reserves, has sparked overseas calls for revaluation.───人民幣匯率的低估(這一點(diǎn)從中國外匯儲備的大量增加中可以推斷出來(lái))在海外引發(fā)了要求重估人民幣匯率的呼聲。
6 、According to a range of economists, the rapidly growing amount of FDI was due to past undervaluation of the RMB.───有學(xué)者認為,外商對華投資的不斷增長(cháng)是長(cháng)期以來(lái)人民幣持續被低估造成的。
7 、I work super hard, and I'm feeling undervalued.─── 我工作超級努力 但我覺(jué)得沒(méi)得到應有的器重
8 、Them the same fools that undervalued me in the beginning.─── 跟當初看不起我的*們一樣
9 、"In the context of China's efforts to rebalance its economy, the substantial undervaluation of the renminbi poses risks for China's economy," the report stated.───“前文中提到,中國努力平衡其經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的不平衡性,人民幣的過(guò)于低估也增加了中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的風(fēng)險,”該報告指出。
10 、I'm very familiar with the feeling of being undervalued.─── 我對這種被低估的感覺(jué)太清楚不過(guò)了
11 、But there were to be orderly ways to unpeg parities that represented clear undervaluation or overvaluation.───不過(guò),要以有條不紊的方法來(lái)解凍存在的明顯低估或高估的比值。
12 、Before taking office yesterday the Obama administration pledged to take a tough line against allegedly unfair Chinese trade practices, including undervaluation of its currency.───在昨日就職之前,奧巴馬政府承諾將對有不公平之嫌的中國貿易做法(包括低估其貨幣)采取強硬立場(chǎng)。
13 、The yen's undervaluation was what Eisuke Sakakibara, a former vice-minister of finance, calls a “cheap-yen bubble”.───在前任日本財務(wù)省次官神原英資看來(lái),日元的低估就是一個(gè)“便宜的泡沫”。
14 、But China has to pay to the challenges of EU enlargement, Euro undervaluation and EU's anti-dumping policy.───中國還應對歐盟東擴、歐元匯率偏低和歐盟的反傾銷(xiāo)政策保持足夠的警惕以便采取應對措施。
15 、This structural source of China’s burgeoning trade surpluses, especially its global imbalance, has been intensified in recent years by the growing undervaluation of China’s currency, the renminbi.───這種結構性根源我國新興的貿易盈余,尤其是其全球經(jīng)濟失衡,已加緊在最近幾年的增長(cháng)低估人民幣匯率,人民幣。
16 、but you wife undervalues you as a hu*and and a man.─── 但不論是作為老公還是作為男人 你老婆都低估了你
17 、They are theories of: efficiency, Principal-Agent, transaction fee,undervaluation, market power and wealth real locat ion.───主要有:效率理論、**理論、交易費用理論、價(jià)值低估理論、市場(chǎng)勢力論和財富再分配理論。
18 、Two recent IMF working papers concluded that it is extremely difficult to estimate a currency's undervaluation with any real confidence.───兩份近期的IMF工作報告總結稱(chēng),要估算出某種貨幣真實(shí)可信的低估情況非常困難。
19 、Discretion is a rare and tragically undervalued quality.─── 謹慎是一種稀有卻又不幸被低估的品質(zhì)
20 、This curiously precise figure was the midpoint of a range of estimates (15-40%) of the yuan's undervaluation.───這個(gè)令人好奇的準確的數字正好是人民幣被低估的范圍(15-40%)的中值。
21 、You have undervalued your company by half a million dollars.─── 你低估了你的公司的價(jià)值 低估了一百萬(wàn)美元
22 、The undervaluation of China's currency has long been a sore point in the West because of the way it boosts Chinese exports and limits Chinese imports.───長(cháng)期以來(lái),由于西方各國的政策促進(jìn)了中國的出口但是限制其進(jìn)口,因此被低估的人民幣總是西方世界的心頭之痛。
23 、With the expansion of Chinese stock market, its fluctuation is beyond people's expectation, and bubbles and undervaluation frequently transform in short term.───摘要隨著(zhù)我國股市規模的擴大,股市波幅常常超出人們的預期,泡沫與低估值也經(jīng)常在短期內互相轉換。
24 、In addition, foreigners start complaining about the trade surpluses, arguing that they are the unfair result of currency undervaluation.───除此之外,國外開(kāi)始抱怨貿易盈余,認為這是因為貨幣低估的不公平競爭造成的。
25 、Suppose too that undervaluation in China has worked and has generated higher growth over a period of time than would otherwise have been the case.───再假定由于人民幣匯率低估,一段時(shí)間內中國確實(shí)取得了比匯率未曾低估更高的經(jīng)濟增長(cháng)。
26 、Relationship between the undervaluation of foreign exchange rate and China's economic structure───匯率低估與中國經(jīng)濟結構問(wèn)題
27 、It says that the great mistake of Western culture, through most of its history, has been the undervaluation of this femininity.───它說(shuō),西方文化的一大錯誤是在其歷史的大部分時(shí)間內低估了這女性氣質(zhì)。
28 、Overinvestment leads to underconsumption, which the Chinese authorities solve through undervaluation of the currency.───過(guò)度投資導致過(guò)度消費,而中國政府通過(guò)低估人民幣來(lái)實(shí)現。
29 、undervaluation duty───[經(jīng)] 低估稅
30 、From the second half of 2002 till the end of 2004, the tendency of undervaluation was ascertained, by the deviation was only about 5%, the range was not so much.───2002年下半年至2004年年底,匯價(jià)低估趨勢確立,但偏離均衡匯率僅5%上下,幅度不太。
31 、Jonathan Anderson of UBS suggests that the undervaluation is about 20 per cent.───瑞銀集團的喬納森.安德森指出人民幣匯率被低估了大約20%。
32 、I would argue that there are now three fundamental indicators of a significant undervaluation.───我認為,目前有三個(gè)基本指標表明,人民幣匯率被嚴重低估了。
33 、For one, it makes it less obvious that the rapid accumulation of reserves by itself constitutes clear evidence of a substantial undervaluation of the renminbi.───首先,外匯儲備急劇增加本身未必是人民幣價(jià)值大幅度低估的顯著(zhù)證據。
34 、In the long term, however, the yen's huge undervaluation means that it will eventually bounce back.───崛起經(jīng)濟體增加的外匯儲備因此不管實(shí)際價(jià)值的計算,將日元對歐元的匯率壓低。
35 、An undervaluation of the importance of grammar pervades in the teaching of English language, which brings about disastrous results.───摘要當前的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中普遍存在著(zhù)忽視語(yǔ)法的傾向,造成了相當嚴重的后果。
36 、Our Research Department's analysis points to a persistent overvaluation of the US dollar and the undervaluation of the euro.───我們研究部的分析指出,美元存在持續的匯率高估而歐元則被持續低估。
37 、disappreciation; undervaluation───低估價(jià)值
38 、China's current inflation is a textbook case of prolonged undervaluation of a fixed exchange rate in tandem with export-led growth.───當前中國通脹,是典型的固定匯率機制下幣值長(cháng)期低估和出口導向型經(jīng)濟增長(cháng)模式合力推動(dòng)的結果。
39 、It's about all the years I went undervalued here.─── 這關(guān)乎我在這里被低估了這么多年
40 、He doesn't want his wife telling him he's undervaluing himself.─── 他不會(huì )想聽(tīng)到自己的妻子 告訴他 他在自貶身價(jià)
41 、China's monetary policy is similarly constrained, albeit because of the perception of exchange rate undervaluation rather than weak growth.───中國的貨幣政策同樣受到束縛,只不過(guò)根源是人們認為中國匯率被低估,而非經(jīng)濟增長(cháng)疲弱。
cfa一級財報如何復習?
過(guò)分自信,過(guò)分放松
許多考生在確認要考CFA的初期,都壯志成成。一定要拿下CFA證書(shū),但是總是因為種種原因,而無(wú)法實(shí)現高效備考。過(guò)分放松會(huì )讓自己對備考懈怠、懶散。這樣的學(xué)習習慣注定會(huì )考證失敗。
學(xué)習時(shí)間沒(méi)超過(guò)300小時(shí)
CFA協(xié)會(huì )也曾做過(guò)統計,考取CFA一級,需要考生花費300小時(shí)的時(shí)間。如果你沒(méi)有一個(gè)很好的復習計劃,特別是還在全職工作的情況下,將無(wú)法通過(guò)考試。更有考過(guò)CFA的考生建議在26周的期間內保持每周12-13小時(shí)的不間斷學(xué)習。
不能堅持到底,備考方法有誤
每考一次就能通過(guò)一個(gè)級別的人少之又少。很多人為一個(gè)級別考了多次,一般來(lái)說(shuō),需要4年才能考完整個(gè)CFA考試。然而,參加CFA考試的人只有不到20%能終完成整個(gè)考試項目。所以大家既然選擇了考試就要堅持到底。自己的備考方法不對費時(shí)費力好得不到好結果,不如跟著(zhù)網(wǎng)校學(xué)習。一群人結伴前行,勝過(guò)一個(gè)人獨自奔跑。氛圍是相當重要的。
CFA考察較細,通過(guò)率相對較低,并且每年只能考一次,最快平均2.5年才能通過(guò)全部科目。而且是全英文考試,這大大增加了考試的難度。CFA考試內容眾多,自己難以梳理知識點(diǎn),中華會(huì )計網(wǎng)校為大家準備了CFA考試思維導圖和備考資料,可以加入中華會(huì )計網(wǎng)校CFA備考交流群獲??!
cfa一級財報如何復習?
財務(wù)報表是CFA一級的考試重點(diǎn),內容涉及三大會(huì )計報表,現金流量測控,養老會(huì )計、管理會(huì )計、稅收規避FACC等會(huì )計術(shù)語(yǔ),考試難度不算大,考核方式也靈活。但是CFA一級中財務(wù)報表是重點(diǎn)科目,占比考試20%左右的權重,權重較大,隨意大家要重視。
澤稷教育CFA名師CFA一級財報——杜邦記憶法解讀
視頻加載中...
(一)CFA一級財務(wù)報表概念分析
財務(wù)分析:財務(wù)分析的目標就是運用公司財務(wù)報表中的信息,以及其他相關(guān)的信息,來(lái)做出經(jīng)濟決策。例如, 是否投資于一個(gè)公司的股票或者是否把這個(gè)公司的股票推薦給它的投資者,是否與一個(gè)公司擴大交易,是否對一個(gè)公司提供銀行信用。分析者使用財務(wù)報表數據來(lái)評價(jià)一個(gè)公司過(guò)去的經(jīng)營(yíng)表現和現在的財務(wù)狀況從而形成對于這個(gè)公司將來(lái)的盈利能力和產(chǎn)生現金流能力的看法。
財務(wù)報表:財務(wù)報表就是公司通過(guò)準備和出示財務(wù)報告的方式將其財務(wù)表現展示給投資者、債權人和其他利益相關(guān)者。
財務(wù)報表附注特點(diǎn):財務(wù)報表附注(Financialfootnotes)包括對于在財務(wù)報表中綜合總結性信息的細節披露。財務(wù)報表附注能夠有助于加強報表使用者對報表里面的數量、時(shí)間和各種不確定性的估計的準確性。
提供關(guān)于會(huì )計方法和經(jīng)理所使用的會(huì )計假設和會(huì )計估計方法的信息必須接受審計,而其他的一些披露內容如輔助報表就不必被審計。提供諸如商業(yè)收購或處置,法律事件,雇員福利計劃,或有承諾,重要客戶(hù)、關(guān)聯(lián)方交易和公司分支機構等方面的信息。
現金流量表的概念:現金流量表是以現金為基礎編制的財務(wù)狀況變動(dòng)表,以動(dòng)態(tài)地形式反映會(huì )計期間有關(guān)現金流入、現金流出及現金凈流量的相關(guān)信息。從不同角度彌補了資產(chǎn)負債表和利潤表所提供的相關(guān)信息不足。管理者及投資者可根據該表數據了解企業(yè)現金流量的影響因素,分析企業(yè)的支付能力、償債能力和盈利能力。
關(guān)于財務(wù)報表之現金流量表分析的注意事項:1、很多企業(yè)編現金流量表編制隨意,要判斷現金流量表是否準確簡(jiǎn)單,需要關(guān)注投資活動(dòng)現金流量和籌資流量現金流量。
2、如果判斷要經(jīng)營(yíng)性現金流量中項目質(zhì)量如何,需要關(guān)注支付的其他和收到的其他項目。
3、把現金流量表中支付給職工以及為職工支付的現金發(fā)生額除以這個(gè)企業(yè)的人數就能算出該企業(yè)平均工資了。
4、有一部分企業(yè)想隱藏利潤時(shí)會(huì )在年終預提一些應付職工薪酬,與現金流量表對照一下,如果本年和上年支付的工資沒(méi)有太大變化,那應付職工薪酬也不應該有太大變化。
(二)CFA一級財務(wù)報表部分重難點(diǎn)介紹
1. Assume U.S. GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles) applies unless otherwise noted. A company entered into a three-year construction project with a total contract price of $5.3 million and expected cost of $4.4 million.
What is the cumulative effect of the contract on the cash balance that would have been recorded on the company's balance sheet at the end of Year 2 using the:
Correct answer = A The amount of cash recorded is identical for both methods and is equal to the total cash received less total costs incurred. At the end of Year 2, a total of $4 million had been billed and collected but only $3.6 million in costs had been incurred.
無(wú)論用哪種會(huì )計方法,并不影響現金流,影響的只是利潤的確定?,F金流是按照真實(shí)的現金流入流出來(lái)確定的。第一年的現金流量表上有現金的流入$600,000,第二年有現金流出$200,000,所以在第二年年末的時(shí)候現金流量表上的余額是$400,000。
2. 如果當estimate useful life 變長(cháng)和salvage value變大的情況下,relative life變小。
Solution:這個(gè)表述修改為relative life變小。我們有一個(gè)公式是這樣的
estimate useful life變長(cháng)和salvage value變大的情況,根據ST的公式,depreciation會(huì )變小。accumulated 自然會(huì )變小。根據公式使得relative life變小。
3. Assume U.S. GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles) applies unless otherwise noted. The Regional Bank of Australia receives interest income on the loans it has outstanding. Durango Manufacturing Inc. also receives interest income on some surplus funds they currently have invested in corporate bonds. For each company, respectively, the interest income they receive would be classified as which type of business activity for financial reporting purposes?
Correct answer = B 很多考生質(zhì)疑,為什么制造公司的利息收入答案選擇的是投資活動(dòng)現金流量。那么這道題目的考點(diǎn)不是在考現金流的歸類(lèi),我們看下題目中的問(wèn)題:the interest income they receive would be classified as which type of business activity for financial reporting purposes。這個(gè)問(wèn)題問(wèn)的是在income statement中,這個(gè)行為是應該記為operating item還是nonoperating item?
在原版書(shū)第三冊中說(shuō)道:對于nonfinancing company,所有的interest和dividend都是被看做nonoperating item;但是financing firm,都是視為operating item。這道題目的考點(diǎn)不是cash flow statement中的那些經(jīng)營(yíng)性,投資性行為,而是for financial reporting purposes,在I/S報表中是operating item還是nonoperating item。
4. 收入的確認方法補充
1) Under U.S. GAAP
對于long term contract,可以選用POC和CC——此處定為考點(diǎn),請重點(diǎn)掌握。對于short term contract,可以選用一手交錢(qián),一手交貨;installment sales或者是cost recovery。
2) Under IFRS,對于long term contract,只有POC那么如果遇到長(cháng)期合同,與美國準則下CC相似的情況,在國際準則下選用收入的確認不超過(guò)成本,最后才確認毛利。其它與美國準則一樣。
3) 那么installment sales和cost recovery如何區分假如:ABC firm considered the initial investment by the buyer was not substantial enough to warrant full recognition of the gain。
If the recovery of cost is assured if default.也就是說(shuō)就算是default,公司也能確認cost是可以recovery的。所以題目中有這樣的描述就是installment sales;
如果沒(méi)有這樣的描述,那么就是cost recovery。Cost recovery較謹慎。例:Assume U.S. GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles) applies unless otherwise noted. On June 15, 2007, a short term agreement was entered in to sell the property and automatic equipment of ABC firm for USD 100,000. As the result of this sale, the subsidiary will no longer offer sales of title insurance or real estate closing servicing. ABC firm considered the initial investment by the buyer was not substantial enough to warrant full recognition of the gain. However, the recovery of the cost of the property is reasonably assured if the buyer defaults. Which of the revenue recognition method will be the most appropriate?用installment sales method
5. FCFF的計算
考試時(shí)請看清題目中給的提示:如果是在IFRS下,題目中又說(shuō)了,int. exp不是作為CFO的,那么在公式中就不需要加int(1-t)
6. 什么是non-cash charge——關(guān)鍵就是看有沒(méi)有現金流
1) Assume U.S. GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles) applies unless otherwise noted. Schneider Candy Company sold long-term notes receivable to Amerisoft, and simultaneously bought a fixed asset from Amerisoft, which both assets have the same fair value. Which of the following statement is most likely accurate?
這個(gè)題目說(shuō)的是賣(mài)掉long-term notes receivable,即刻買(mǎi)固定資產(chǎn),是對于同一個(gè)企業(yè)Amerisoft,所以this transaction does not affect cash flow statement; it could be listed in the footnotes in the cash flow statement.
2)假設改成Schneider Candy Company issued bond using proceeds to bought a fixed asset from Amerisoft, which both assets have the same fair value. Which of the following statement is most likely accurate?
這個(gè)題目說(shuō)的是issued bond,proceeds(有現金流了)后購買(mǎi)固定資產(chǎn),所以肯定存在現金流,是CFF增加,CFI減小。就算是對于同樣一個(gè)公司,也一樣是產(chǎn)生了現金流.
3)假設Issue bond use acquired to purchase plant這個(gè)動(dòng)作沒(méi)有現金流的流進(jìn)流出,是not affect cash flow statement.
4)還有一種是Issue bond use proceeds to repurchase stock這個(gè)動(dòng)作是一部分CFF減少;還有一部分CFF的增加
7. revaluation和reverse
1) U.S. GAAP:對于任何資產(chǎn)都沒(méi)有revaluation,特殊——有活躍的交易市場(chǎng)的礦藏,貴金屬,森林,農副產(chǎn)品
2) IFRS:都可以revaluation,特殊——inventory,但是inventory里的有活躍交易市場(chǎng)的礦藏可以
3) U.S. GAAP:所有資產(chǎn)都沒(méi)不能reverse,特殊——held for sale的資產(chǎn)
4) IFRS:都可以reverse,特殊——inventory只能回轉到Book Value,但inventory里的有活躍交易市場(chǎng)的礦藏可以回轉到Fair Value。
(三)CFA一級財務(wù)報表重點(diǎn)解析方法
在做現金流量表編制的相關(guān)題目時(shí),對于新手而言,有時(shí)候很難一下子判斷出各類(lèi)資產(chǎn)負債表的增加或減少對于現金流量的影響。在這里,我們介紹三種不同的方法進(jìn)行快速判斷。比如:應收賬款增加100元,對于經(jīng)營(yíng)現金流的影響是增加還是減少呢?
方法一:邏輯推算法
公司應收賬款的增加說(shuō)明別人欠本公司的錢(qián)增加了,換而言之就是本公司在當期應該有更多的錢(qián)但實(shí)際沒(méi)有收到,因此是一種現金收入的減少。所以應收賬款增加100元,體現在經(jīng)營(yíng)現金流量表中是-100元。
方法二:基本公式法
基本公式:Asset=Liability Equity
變形公式:
Cash non cash asset=Liability Equity
Cash=-non cash asset Liability Equity
從上述公式,顯而易見(jiàn),非現金資產(chǎn)(紅色部分)的增加對現金流產(chǎn)生減少的影響,而負債及權益(藍色部分)的增加對現金流產(chǎn)生增加的影響。因此,應收賬款增加100元,體現在經(jīng)營(yíng)現金流量表是-100元。
方法三:口訣法
資產(chǎn)增加是花錢(qián),現金減少用減號
資產(chǎn)減少是賣(mài)錢(qián),現金增加用加號
負債增加是借錢(qián),現金增加用加號
負債減少是還錢(qián),現金減少用減號
對應上述口訣,應收賬款增加100元,是資產(chǎn)的增加,代表現金的減少,因此在現金流量表中用-100來(lái)表示。
(四)CFA考生對財務(wù)報表的認識
主要知識點(diǎn)有:Session 7 主要講的IFRS 和 U.S. GAAP在不同情況下的區別,還有各種statements的元素構成。
Session 8 就是集中在Income statement, Balance Sheet, Cash flow statement 和各種Ratio analysis。
這一章節需要注意知識點(diǎn)是Revenue & Expense recognition, Basic and Dilute EPS, Goodwill; Trading, Holding to maturity and Available for sale securities, 然后cash flow statement中重點(diǎn)要會(huì )Direct & Indirect method, 以及兩者之間的相互轉化。Ratio analysis中需要注意ROE中Basic & Extended DuPont equation以及四大Ratio: Activity, Liquidity, Solvency and Profitability ratios。
Session 9 這部分是個(gè)硬骨頭,真的不好啃,知識點(diǎn)也是灰?;页<?。
ⅰ. Inventories這一小節中,需要懂得inventory valuation method 在IFRS和GAAP兩種準則下的庫存定價(jià)方式,然后是FIFO/LIFO對報表中四大ratio的影響,接下來(lái)就要熟練地將基于LIFO會(huì )計假設的報表數據轉化成基于FIFO的情況,了解LIFO reserve 和 LIFO liquidation。
ⅱ. Long-lived Assets中首先要了解Capitalization & Expense 對net income, stockholder’s equity, cash flow 以及對四大financial ratios的影響,然后就是software development and research & development,Depreciation method, Asset retirement obligation對ratios的影響。最后要注意的就是虛幻的goodwill了,Impairment of goodwill。
ⅲ. Income Taxes, 這一部分重點(diǎn)是在各種情況下學(xué)會(huì )判定deferred tax asset 和 deferred tax liability。
ⅳ. Long term Liability and leases這一小節是極度繁瑣,首先公司發(fā)行premium and discount bond對各種ratios的影響,convertible debts and debts with warrants。在Lessee一方看來(lái),operating和finance lease對各種財務(wù)數據的影響,然后,在lesser一方看來(lái),sale-type and direct financing lease, operating lease對financial ratios和cash flows的影響。最后,off-balance-sheet financing,footnotes disclosures.
尤其需要認真掌握注意的點(diǎn)有:各種計價(jià)方法,LIFO和FIFO,2個(gè)lease,資本化和費用化,回購和分股利,折舊和攤銷(xiāo),存貨,無(wú)形資產(chǎn),長(cháng)期資產(chǎn)revaluation model,折舊方法,tax rate的變化,折價(jià)和溢價(jià)債券,funded status,幾種改變現金流的方法,3種security的會(huì )計處理,GAAP和IFRS的區別,這些都是財報的重中之重,常常會(huì )把這些東西的變化和替換與財報上的科目和比率的變化聯(lián)系起來(lái)。
版權聲明: 本站僅提供信息存儲空間服務(wù),旨在傳遞更多信息,不擁有所有權,不承擔相關(guān)法律責任,不代表本網(wǎng)贊同其觀(guān)點(diǎn)和對其真實(shí)性負責。如因作品內容、版權和其它問(wèn)題需要同本網(wǎng)聯(lián)系的,請發(fā)送郵件至 舉報,一經(jīng)查實(shí),本站將立刻刪除。