?contextual

contextual發(fā)音

[kən'tekstʃuəl]

英：　　美：

contextual中文意思翻譯

adj.上下文的, 與語(yǔ)境有關(guān)的

contextual詞形變化

副詞: contextually |

contextual常見(jiàn)例句

1 、The result of the experiment reveals that using the combination of contextual information is effective for disambiguation.───實(shí)驗證明使用語(yǔ)境信息之和對消解組合型分詞歧義具有良好效果。

2 、The author argues that the context takes effect in the process of understanding and expressing EMM and depicts how the change of contextual factors causes the change of EMM and EME.───指出認知型情態(tài)意義在說(shuō)話(huà)者的表達和聽(tīng)話(huà)者的理解過(guò)程中都受到語(yǔ)境的影響，并詳細闡述了語(yǔ)境的作用；

3 、How to transgress language barriers and contextual differences in communication?───如何能跨越語(yǔ)言的障礙及文化背景的差異?

4 、A story of hardship would help contextualize a flagging academic record.─── 艱難的故事也能給較差的 成績(jì)一個(gè)解釋

5 、Based on these two theories, the thesis holds that a better understanding of discourse coherence is based on the contextual effects gained in the cognitive environment of the addressee.───基于這兩種理論,本文認為,對語(yǔ)篇連貫的理解依賴(lài)于接受者在認知環(huán)境中所獲得的語(yǔ)境效果。

6 、Specifying Merge causes the attribute name and role name to be merged and used as the contextual name.───指定Merge將合并屬性名和角色名作為上下文名稱(chēng)。

7 、It's how you're choosing to contextualize it that makes it appear beyond a reasonable doubt.─── 關(guān)鍵在于你選擇的解讀方式 使這些證據能排除合理懷疑

8 、There are two paradigms of the study of contextual cuing effect: visual search task and change detection task.───對背景線(xiàn)索效應的研究主要有視覺(jué)搜索任務(wù)和變化覺(jué)察任務(wù)兩種范式。

9 、A contextual keyword has a special meaning within specific program contexts.───上下文關(guān)鍵字在特定的程序上下文中有特殊的含義。

10 、Contextual intelligence is a person's ability to adapt to different contextual variables taking place.───情景性智力指一個(gè)人對不同的情景的適應能力。

11 、Indeed, emotion is often a key contextual element that signals the intent of an action.───事實(shí)上，情緒通常是預告動(dòng)作意圖的重要線(xiàn)索之一。

12 、Chinese rely more on contextual information and make less dispositional attribution.───中國人更強調外在原因而不進(jìn)行內在歸因。

13 、Discussing the content and psychological structures of OCB under the culturalbackground in China is propitious to improve the contextual performance management.───探討中國文化背景下企業(yè)員工的組織公民行為的內容和結構維度，可以對企業(yè)管理中的績(jì)效管理特別是關(guān)系績(jì)效的評估提供依據。

14 、It tries to demonstrate how the interpretation of sentence meaning, bridging inference of contextual assumptions and encyclopedic knowledge, constrains the interpretation of BR.───心理根源是誤解形成因素中的重點(diǎn)，也是研究的難點(diǎn)，本文對其做了專(zhuān)門(mén)、深入的探討。

15 、We also find that manufacturing competence cannot explain the variance of contextual performance.───同時(shí)發(fā)現，制造業(yè)管理勝任力不能較好地解釋周邊績(jì)效的變異量。

16 、When you click the object, the pertinent set of contextual tabs appears in an accent color next to the standard tabs.───當您單擊對象時(shí),相關(guān)的上下文選項卡集以突出的顏色出現在標準選項卡的旁邊。

17 、A truly useful evolution of the toolbar idiom is the contextual toolbar. Similar to a right-click contextual menu, it provides a small group of butcons adjacent to the mouse cursor.───情境工具欄是工具欄真正有用的演變，和右鍵單擊彈出的情境菜單類(lèi)似，它是鼠標光標旁邊顯示的一小組圖標按鈕。

18 、This suggests, says Mr Dey, that contextual computing needs to be discreet: such systems are, in effect, judging people and trying to influence their behaviour.───戴先生說(shuō)這表明環(huán)境計算必須非常嚴謹：這樣的系統實(shí)際上是對人作出判斷并影響人的行為。

19 、The conclusions of this paper are mostly the same with task performance, but as for contextual performance these conclusions are out of focus.───如果將工作績(jì)效分解為任務(wù)績(jì)效和周邊績(jì)效兩個(gè)維度進(jìn)行研究，那么本文的研究結論主要適用于任務(wù)績(jì)效，而對于周邊績(jì)效而言則相對不明確。

20 、Language Independent Named Entity Recognition Combining Morphological and Contextual Evidence?───一種獨立于語(yǔ)言的命名實(shí)體識別方法。

21 、Dr Nissenbaum has been working with Mr Barth to turn these wordy descriptions of the variables of contextual integrity into formal expressions that can be incorporated into computer programs.───尼森堡姆教授和巴斯先生一起共事，把關(guān)于語(yǔ)境完整性的變量的冗長(cháng)的描述轉化為一種可以組織成為計算機程序的標準表達式。

22 、The way of study of sport injury's stress and coping chiefly used ego-psychology model and contextual model to research their coping process.───對于運動(dòng)損傷者的應激與應付的研究主要采取自我心理學(xué)模式和場(chǎng)合模式探討運動(dòng)損傷者的應付過(guò)程。

23 、Contextual inquiry methods closely parallel the methods described here, but with some subtle and important differences.───情境調查方法和下面將要描述的方法大致類(lèi)似，但也有一些細微之處顯著(zhù)不同。

24 、We normally spends from 90 minutes to two hours with each contextual inquiry participant.───我們通常度過(guò)從90 分鐘到二個(gè)小時(shí)與各個(gè)上下文詢(xún)問(wèn)參加者。

25 、The ensemble can be seen as a contextual patchwork made of prefabricated red shingles, timber pillars, zinc, flower pots, copper, whitewash plaster and coarse concrete left rough.───樂(lè )團可以看作是內容拼湊了預制紅色帶狀皰疹，木材支柱，鋅，花盆，銅，粉飾灰泥和粗具體左粗糙。

26 、I do not know enough to frame a question that is contextual enough to elicit a definitive answer.───我知道的不足以得到上下文環(huán)境主夠得到答案的問(wèn)題。

27 、A contextual definition of "legal duty" might be "x has a legal duty to do y means that x is required to do y by a contract relationship that would be upheld in a court of law".───“法定義務(wù)”的上下文定義可以為“x具有做y事的法定義務(wù)意味著(zhù)x須按照被法院支持的合同關(guān)系來(lái)做y事”。

28 、And then the audience decodes and infers the communicator"s intention by applying the information of the utterance combined with the contextual assumptions.───聽(tīng)眾**后再運用話(huà)語(yǔ)中表達出的信息以及語(yǔ)境假設，推測出交際者的交際意圖。

29 、In translating activities lingual, contextual, stylistic and cultural schemata should be transferred successfully.───在圖式翻譯過(guò)程中要重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行語(yǔ)言圖式、語(yǔ)境圖式、文體圖式和文化圖式的成功傳譯。

30 、Processing effort and contextual effect are two utmost important indicators of relevance.───處理努力和語(yǔ)境效果是衡量關(guān)聯(lián)性強弱的兩個(gè)主要因素。

31 、The guideline begins with overarching, contextual guidance and moves to more specific deployment models.───指南從最重要和上下文指導開(kāi)始，然后再轉到更加具體的部署模型。

32 、In matching items the test taker must match the words or phrases that are similar. Again take advantage of the process of elimination by doing the easy items first, and look for grammatical or contextual clues that may be helpful.───在這類(lèi)測驗中，應試者必須把相近的詞或短語(yǔ)配起對來(lái)，仍然可以采取先做容易題的辦法，利用排除疑點(diǎn)的過(guò)程，然后在語(yǔ)法和上下文中尋找可能有幫助的線(xiàn)索。

33 、From the file extension, database connection string, or other appropriate contextual information.───同樣也由文件擴展名、數據庫連接字符串、或者其他的適當的上下文信息來(lái)確定數據源類(lèi)型

34 、It is argued that the third approach should be taken.The interpretation of nominal tautology requires both conventional knowledge and contextual knowledge.───我們同意第三種觀(guān)點(diǎn)，即對同語(yǔ)應該采取折中的態(tài)度，即對它們的理解既需要常規知識，又需要依靠語(yǔ)境。

35 、A contextual command tab contains the commands most likely to apply to what you are doing.───上下文命令選項卡中包含最可能適用您目前工作的命令。

36 、The code editor colorizes contextual keywords appropriately.───代碼編輯器會(huì )相應地對上下文關(guān)鍵字進(jìn)行著(zhù)色。

37 、Contextual: The interpretation of any work or assertion must accord with its context.───二、關(guān)于語(yǔ)法：圣經(jīng)字句的解釋必須與原文所使用的語(yǔ)法和句法和諧一致。

38 、A polysemous word and its contextual meaning───多義詞和它的上下文意義

39 、The code for the Translation class needs to be augmented to handle contextual information.───Translation類(lèi)的代碼需要擴展成處理上下文信息。

40 、Some of the writing issues concerned are popular, and addressed from programmatic, contextual, disciplinary, political and web-technical perspectives.───其中有些現代寫(xiě)作方法的研究領(lǐng)域涉及項目的、語(yǔ)篇的、學(xué)科的、政治的、還有網(wǎng)絡(luò )技術(shù)的問(wèn)題。

41 、And I need to look at the whole thing so that I can... contextualize the forget it, you're never gonna understand.─── 我得看著(zhù)整本書(shū) 才能...聯(lián)系上下文... 算了 你永遠也不會(huì )懂

42 、The content items cross-reference each other to provide relevant contextual details.───內容項相互交叉引用以提供相關(guān)的上下文詳細信息。

43 、So that we can contextualize the materials we found.─── 以便我們結合新發(fā)現的物質(zhì)一起考慮

44 、For kiosks, the contextual concerns focus more on the environment in which the kiosk is being placed and also on social concerns: What role does the kiosk play in the environment? Is the kiosk in the main flow of public traffic?───對于信息亭系統，情境考慮主要集中在該信息亭所處的環(huán)境，還有其社會(huì )影響。 即該信息亭在這個(gè)環(huán)境下，要起什么作用?

45 、If you would like to see contextual information about this track, you should add it to your Collection.───如果您希望可以看到更多這個(gè)曲目的系絡(luò )資料，您應該把它加入您的音樂(lè )集里。

46 、In these researches, one of them treats the organizational culture as an antecedent variable or contextual factor for organizational performance.───一為將組織文化視為影響績(jì)效的前置變項或脈絡(luò )性因素；

47 、I mean, it's all contextual, and I do.─── 這都有前后聯(lián)系 我也知道

48 、contextual clues can help one to find the meaning───上下文所提供的線(xiàn)索有助於了解其意義

49 、For kiosks, the contextual concerns focus more on the environment in which the kiosk is being placed and also on social concerns: What role does the kiosk play in the environment?───對于信息亭系統，情境考慮主要集中在該信息亭所處的環(huán)境，還有其社會(huì )影響。

50 、The contextual analysis can help to determine the specific meaning of the polysemy in a sentence and rule out the ambiguities.───利用上下文語(yǔ)境可以確定多義詞在語(yǔ)句中的具體語(yǔ)義、排除歧義，可以確定語(yǔ)句中詞語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法意義。

51 、Therefore,a teaching scheme with various types of contextual aids in vocabulary development,particularly appropriate for our college students,has been suggested.───因此,提出了旨在培養詞匯識別技能的教學(xué)方案,其**別強調了上下文語(yǔ)境的指導性作用。

52 、Reference bearing relation context contextual───親戚,社會(huì )關(guān)系,血緣關(guān)系

53 、Abstract: This essay focuses on the localized traits and contextual implications of the commercial law with historical and perspective clues.───內容摘要：本文以歷史與比較觀(guān)察為線(xiàn)索，深入研究商法的本土性特征及語(yǔ)境化含義。

54 、Relevance theory assumes that human communication aims at achieving optimal relevance.The hearer expects that his attempt at interpretation can yield adequate contextual effects at minimal effort.───關(guān)聯(lián)理論認為人類(lèi)交際活動(dòng)旨在實(shí)現最佳關(guān)聯(lián),即聽(tīng)者希望以最小的努力獲得足夠的語(yǔ)境效果。

55 、A Contextual Study of the Chinese Word "Que"───"卻"的語(yǔ)境研究

56 、Whole-value substitution attacks can be thwarted by adding contextual information to the plaintext before encrypting it.───加密純文本前在該文本中添加上下文信息,可避免上述整個(gè)值替換攻擊。

57 、The Spell Check tool also performs contextual spelling analysis.───“拼寫(xiě)檢查”工具也執行上下文拼寫(xiě)分析。

58 、By contextual interpretation, we define the module in a certain situation.───情境口譯是在一個(gè)特定場(chǎng)景下的口譯。

59 、Contextual clues can help one to find the meaning.───上下文所提供的線(xiàn)索有助于了解其意義。

60 、If you are comfortable extracting needs in this format, it works quite well; otherwise, you may find it helpful to separate them into data, functional, and contextual requirements, as described in the following sections.───如果你習慣于以這種方式提取需求，那很好；否則你可以像下面的一些小節描述的那樣將它們區分成數據的、功能的和情境的需求。

61 、Besides, NEG-marks are subject to contextual restraints in negative imperative sentences.───對強調式的制約主要表現在對強調標記的選擇與對意志語(yǔ)氣強度的限制兩個(gè)方面;

62 、It's also easy for users to take advantage of rich formatting options with the contextual diagramming menus in the Office Fluent user interface.───借助Office Fluent用戶(hù)界面中的上下文相關(guān)圖示菜單,用戶(hù)還可以方便地使用豐富的格式選項。

63 、The codified technical information assumes a whole background of contextual knowledge and practices that might be very incomplete in a developing country.───已編碼的技術(shù)信息假設有一個(gè)完全的背景知識和實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗的上下文環(huán)境，但這種環(huán)境在發(fā)展中國家經(jīng)常是非常不完全的。

64 、However, in modern societies it is a common-place that purely scientific arguments alone will not do, nor will metaphysical or theological arguments, and the same goes for contextual arguments relying on contingent traditions or settings.───但是，在現代社會(huì )，常見(jiàn)的情形是，單靠純科學(xué)的論證不可能做到這一點(diǎn)，形而上學(xué)的或神學(xué)的論證也不能做到，同樣，依賴(lài)于傳統或習俗的語(yǔ)境化的論證也做不到這一點(diǎn)。

65 、Encapsulates contextual information about the management unit currently being managed during the execution of a Web service method on a module service.───[本主題是預發(fā)布的文檔，在將來(lái)發(fā)布的版本中可能會(huì )有更改?？瞻字黝}是為將來(lái)預留的。

66 、If this attribute is the single identifying attribute of the entity, specifying Role uses the role name as the contextual name.───如果此屬性是實(shí)體的唯一標識屬性,則指定Role會(huì )將角色名用作上下文名稱(chēng)。

67 、The purpose of any writer, no matter whether he is demanding or releasing readers' processing effort, or highlighting contextual effect, is to achieve the most ideal relevance and complete the communication with readers.───作者在交際過(guò)程中無(wú)論是增減讀者的處理努力或者突出文本的語(yǔ)境效果,其目的都是實(shí)現最佳關(guān)聯(lián),最終完成作者與讀者之間的交際。

68 、Basd on the introduction and analysis of the studies of contextual cuing effect under the two paradigms, we proposed the future studies under the change detection task paradigm.───在對以往兩種任務(wù)范式下的背景線(xiàn)索效應進(jìn)行介紹分析的基礎上，展望了今后在變化覺(jué)察任務(wù)范式下的研究。

69 、The loss of region specialty and contextual spirit has unprecedentedly threatened the social memory of ancient town's space.───地域特色與文脈精神的喪失，使古城鎮空間的社會(huì )記憶正面臨著(zhù)前所未有的威脅，

70 、The key to Lupia's argument is the mechanism of contextual information.───Lupia的關(guān)鍵論點(diǎn)是訊息脈絡(luò )（上文下理）的運作。

71 、Contextual inquiry forms a solid theoretical foundation for qualitative research, but as a specific method it has some limitations and inefficiencies.───情境調查形成了定性研究的理論基礎，但作為一種具體的方法，至少在作者看來(lái)，它存在一些限制，而且效率不高。

72 、Office PowerPoint 2007 makes these tools readily available through the streamlined user interface and contextual menus, so that in just a few clicks, your work can have greater impact.───Office PowerPoint 2007通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)化的用戶(hù)界面和上下文菜單使這些工具隨時(shí)可用,這樣只需進(jìn)行幾次單擊,便可使您的作品更具感染力。

73 、Contextual clues can help one to find the meaning .───上下文線(xiàn)索有助于了解意思。

74 、E_valueNotAllowed: (20210) Signifies that a value did not pass validation because of contextual issues. The value may be valid in some contexts, but not in the context used.───E_valueNotAllowed: (20210) 表明在當前的上下文中，對于提供的值而言是無(wú)法通過(guò)合法性檢驗的驗證的，雖然在某些上下文中，它也有可能是合法的。

75 、We’ve found that awareness is often higher with non-contextually targeted ads, but engagement and recall is higher with contextual ads.───我們發(fā)現與上下文無(wú)關(guān)的**被 覺(jué)察 到的機會(huì )更高，但是上下文相關(guān)的**有更高的 關(guān)注 率和回憶率。

76 、For many years, computer vision researchers have worked hard to incorporate prior knowledge and contextual information into vision systems.───多年來(lái),電腦影像研究員都努力不懈地將先進(jìn)的知識和背景的資料加入影像系統當中。

77 、Therefore, a teaching scheme with various types of contextual aids in vocabulary development, particularly appropriate for our college students, has been suggested.───因此，提出了旨在培養詞匯識別技能的教學(xué)方案，其**別強調了上下文語(yǔ)境的指導性作用。

78 、It's so contextual, but at the same time, wholly independent.─── 你的作品是緊密聯(lián)系的 卻同時(shí)也相互獨立

79 、What is more, he needs to renegotiate the deal that gave Google the exclusive right to place contextual advertisements on MySpace, a social network owned by News Corp, back in 2006.───另外，他還需要重新協(xié)商與谷歌在2006年達成的給予谷歌在新聞集團旗下的社交網(wǎng)站MySpace獨家文字**刊登權的協(xié)議。

80 、In both studies, consistent with result of previous research, was the main effect of task and contextual performance has impact on the Supervisory reward decision.───兩個(gè)研究結果顯示，任務(wù)性及脈絡(luò )性績(jì)效表現如過(guò)去研究結論一致，對主管獎酬決策有影響；

81 、It's easy for users to take advantage of rich formatting options with new contextual diagramming menus.───借助新的上下文圖示菜單,用戶(hù)可以方便地使用豐富的格式設置選項。

82 、EC analyzes the participant's actual accomplishment of the discourse, the perceptions and understandings of the participants, and contextual information of the discourse.───交際民俗學(xué)的研究分析參與者的實(shí)際會(huì )話(huà)要求，會(huì )話(huà)發(fā)生的情景信息以及參與者的感覺(jué)與理解。

83 、In the whole process of constructing the version, contextual cognition has played a very important role.───在翻譯文本建構的整個(gè)過(guò)程中，語(yǔ)境認知扮演了很重要的角色。

84 、The special contextual practice of social drink is gradually solidified into the “social modality”， the image of which turns into nothingness and formalization by degrees.───當飲酒社交特殊的情境實(shí)踐逐步被凝固為一種“社會(huì )形式”的同時(shí)，其所具有的意象也日趨走向虛無(wú)與形式化。

85 、The error text may contain information about the contextual problem.───引發(fā)這個(gè)上下文問(wèn)題的原因將在錯誤文本中被明確地指明。

86 、People try to produce the contextual practice founded on their own benefits， forming a ritualistic “social drama”.───人們試圖在飲酒社交消費中進(jìn)行各種符合自己利益的情境化的表演實(shí)踐，形成儀式的“社會(huì )劇”。

什么是關(guān)系績(jì)效理論Contextual

關(guān)系績(jì)效理論：

關(guān)系績(jì)效的提出是建立在組織公民行為（OCB）等相關(guān)概念的基礎之上，同時(shí)是在與任務(wù)績(jì)效相比照而得來(lái)的。

03語(yǔ)用意義

Chapter **ragmatic Meaning

2017.9.20

Semantic meaning and pragmatic meaning

Semantic meaning is a conventionized formof meaning. Words mean certain things by generally accepted convention. e.g.dog- a certain kind of animal.

Pragmatic meaning is distinctlynon-conventional in nature, it is the meaning of a word used in certaincontext. (meaning in use or meaning in context)

Context

Two types of contexts:

1. Linguistic (verbal) context (言語(yǔ)): words, clauses, sentences, paragraphs, or wholebooks in which a word appears.

Linguistic context can be further divided

into：Lexical context and Grammatical context

2. Extra-linguistic context: the actual

speech situation in which a word is used.指語(yǔ)言以外的因素

The

importance of context in eliminating ambiguity

Ambiguity refers to a word, a phrase, asentence with more than one possible meaning.Ambiguity may be caused by

1. Polysemy

(一詞多義).

He painted a tree.

to put paint on a surface; to make a

picture

2. Homonymy (同音/同形異義). Two words look alike or sound alike, but differ inmeaning

The ball was attractive.

3. Grammatical structure.

Visiting relatives may be boring.

Characteristics of Pragmatic Meaning

1. Etymological subsidiarity原詞附屬性

The pragmatic meaning of a word is closelyrelated to its original meaning, pronunciation, and form.

2. Subjective experientiality主觀(guān)體驗性

Pragmatic meaning carries strong personalfeeling because of different individual's personal experience.

3. Meaning uncertainty意義不確定性

Pragmatic meaning is uncertain when factorssuch as age, nationality, time, place, etc. are involved.

Pragmatic narrowing: Narrowing is the casewhere a word is used to convey a more specific sense than the encoded one.

At Christmas, the bird was delicious. (turkey)

Pragmatic broadening: a word is used toconvey a more general sense.

They are thirsty to death.擴展了thirsty的意義，夸大了渴的程度。

4.Conceptual temporality概念臨時(shí)性

When the meaning of a word is deviated from

its basic meaning, then concept adjustment is needed according to the context

because the specific meaning of this word relies completely on the context.在特定語(yǔ)境中產(chǎn)生的語(yǔ)用意義，臨時(shí)的，會(huì )隨著(zhù)語(yǔ)境的消失而不復存在。

e.g. I will ask her about it this weekend.

I, her, it, this weekend為特定語(yǔ)境中所指信息，只有聯(lián)系語(yǔ)境，才能理解以上詞語(yǔ)的真正語(yǔ)用含義。

5. Contextual interdependency語(yǔ)境共生性

Pragmatic meaning is the meaning incontext, so context plays an important role in determining the pragmaticmeaning of a word. Here context not only refers to the sentence or paragraphwhere the word appears, but also the actual speech situation or even the wholecultural background.

Classification of Pragmatic meaning

1. Imitative meaning仿義型

2. Opposite meaning反義型(irony)

3.Broadened or narrowed meaning增減型

4.Distortional meaning畸變型

Communicative Function of Pragmatic Meaning

1. Constructing rhetorical devices

2. Explaining anomalous phenomenon

3. Expressing individual feelings

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