?musculoskeletal

musculoskeletal發(fā)音

英：[?m?skj?l??'skel?t?l]　　美：[?m?skj?lo?'skel?t?l]

英：　　美：

musculoskeletal中文意思翻譯

肌(與)骨骼的

musculoskeletal詞形變化

名詞: muscularity | 副詞: muscularly |

musculoskeletal常見(jiàn)例句

1 、Objectives: Nursing personnel working in nursing homes have quite a high musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) rate in many countries.───摘要目標：許多國家的研究顯示，在護理之家工作的護理人員有很高的肌肉骨骼傷害率。

2 、Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for musculoskeletal system diseases───體外沖擊波療法在骨組織及肌肉系統疾病中的應用

3 、If the musculoskeletal system is not in proper alignment, the central nervous system cannot properly relay inforyoga mation to the body and illness may soon to follow.───如果肌肉骨骼系統以不正確的形式結合，那么中樞神經(jīng)系統就無(wú)法把信息正確地傳遞給身體的其他部位，疾病就可能接踵而至,徵信社。

4 、HEALTH EFFECTS OF MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM IN VDT WORKERS───VDT作業(yè)對肌肉骨骼系統的健康影響研究

5 、A human musculoskeletal system will be built, and this system will be able to export transformed individualized musculoskeletal geometric model for specific human parameters.───它是一個(gè)人體骨肌系統參數化幾何模型，通過(guò)輸入人體參數，可以轉換為具體研究對象的骨肌系統模型；

6 、Sonography for diagnosis of musculoskeletal abnormalities has the advantages of dynamic evaluation of structures, relatively low cost, no radiation, and wide availability.───摘要使用超音波診斷骨骼肌肉疾病有可動(dòng)態(tài)檢查，非侵犯性，費用較低廉，無(wú)輻射線(xiàn)，準確度高，不耗時(shí)，并可廣泛適用等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

7 、massive musculoskeletal pain───廣泛性肌肉骨骼痛

8 、The purpose of this study is to identify the prevalence, types and risk factors of musculoskeletal discomforts in electronics workers.───本研究的主要目的便是瞭解造成此類(lèi)問(wèn)題之可能因素與其表現型態(tài)，并進(jìn)一步探討其預防之道。

9 、CLINICAL OBSERVATION OF THE EFFECT OF HARPAGOPHYTUM PROCUMBENS ON CHRONIC PAIN OF MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM───帕歌斯治療骨骼肌肉系統慢性疼痛的臨床觀(guān)察

10 、When the Hypermobility Syndrome was first put on the medical map in 1967, it was defined as the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms (predominantly pain) occurring in otherwise healthy individuals.───當Hypermobility綜合徵是首先把醫療地圖在1967年，它被界定為在場(chǎng)的肌肉骨骼癥狀（主要是疼痛）發(fā)生在其他健康人。

11 、Shock-wave therapy is indicated for treatment of genitourinary concretion and musculoskeletal disease, it is routine method in clinic.───摘要體外沖擊波療法已廣泛應用于臨床泌尿外科和骨科，成為治療泌尿系結石和骨骼肌肉系統疾病的常規治療方法。

12 、It seems to be that an event that changes rapidly like he's describing is not a musculoskeletal problem.─── 我覺(jué)得他所描述的頻繁變化的癥狀 并不像是肌肉骨骼問(wèn)題

13 、The musculoskeletal system is also a finite element model, and FE analysis can be performed for global or local skeletal components.───它同時(shí)是人體全身骨肌系統的有限元模型，可以做全身骨骼或局部骨骼的有限元分析。

14 、Differentiation of musculoskeletal tumors: quantitative assessment with dynamic MR imaging───動(dòng)態(tài)增強磁共振成像對肌肉骨骼系統腫瘤性質(zhì)鑒別的定量研究

15 、This course is well suited for the treatment of specific musculoskeletal disorders and soft tissue injury. Effective treatment protocols have been tested in a practical setting.───本課程中將向學(xué)生講授臨床中已經(jīng)得到充分驗證的治療骨關(guān)節疾病、及軟組織損傷等疾病的基本技術(shù)，豐富學(xué)生未來(lái)臨床工作的工作方法。

16 、We found that hysterectomy was associated with chronic LBP, chronic UEP, and combined chronic LBP/ UEP, suggesting that hysterectomy may be associated with chronic musculoskeletal pain in general.───我們發(fā)現子宮切除術(shù)史與慢性L(fǎng)BP、UEP及LBP/UEP之間有聯(lián)系，提示子宮切除術(shù)史與與慢性肌肉骨骼痛間有聯(lián)系。

17 、Prevalence and Determinants of Musculoskeletal Complaints of Upper Extremity in Industries of Taiwan. 27th International Congress on Occupational Health, February 23-28, 2003, Iguassu Falls, Brazil.───比較臺北地區74年度與90年度臍帶血中鉛濃度分布及其影響因素。2002年工業(yè)衛生學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì )，2002年4月26-27日。

18 、Keywords Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity;Methylphenidate;Musculoskeletal equilibrium;───注意力缺陷障礙伴多動(dòng);哌醋甲酯;肌肉骨骼平衡;

19 、Traditional Chinese massage is performed frequently for musculoskeletal disorder among the Chinese population.───摘要在華人社會(huì )里，按摩經(jīng)常被作為肌肉骨骼疾病的傳統治療。

20 、Congenital musculoskeletal abnormality───先天性肌肉骨骼畸形

21 、They provide a wide range of services mostly related to musculoskeletal problem and injuries.───他們提供多方面的服務(wù),主要有關(guān)筋骨勞損和創(chuàng )傷評估及治療。

22 、Three musculoskeletal radiologists retrospectively interpreted the plain film examinations of each patient, to establish the ground truth for the presence or absence of a fracture.───3位專(zhuān)攻骨骼系統方面的放射科專(zhuān)家回顧性審閱了每個(gè)患者的膝關(guān)節平片，確認是否存在骨折。

23 、Extra-articular resections were associated with lower Musculoskeletal Tumor Society scores.───關(guān)節外手術(shù)切除腫瘤導致肌肉骨骼腫瘤學(xué)評分降低。

24 、Bassett and his colleagues at Columbia also researched the use of PEMFs on other musculoskeletal problems, and had considerable success.───巴塞特和他的同事們在哥倫比亞還研究了脈沖電磁場(chǎng)對其他骨骼的使用問(wèn)題，并已取得相當的成功。

25 、The award is the first of its kind, a Center of Research Translation (CORT) grant in orthopaedics from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases.───國立關(guān)節炎、肌與骨及皮膚疾病研究所的整形外科的資金來(lái)源于成果轉化中心(CORT)，這種形式的資助還是第一次。

26 、Howeer, as with any chronic musculoskeletal infection, all foreign material may need remoal before a second repair.───但是，在任何的慢性運動(dòng)系統感染病例中，在進(jìn)行新的修復術(shù)之前任何外來(lái)的材料都必須去除。

27 、In the pediatric department he studied, Clark wrote, about 10 percent of all isits are for these kinds of musculoskeletal injuries.───克拉克在文章中寫(xiě)道，在他從事該研究的小兒科，約10%的就診患者屬于這些肌肉骨骼損傷。

28 、Keywords Cardiopulmonary exercise test;Musculoskeletal fu nction;Work ability;───動(dòng)態(tài)心肺功能;骨骼肌肉功能;工作能力;

29 、Some of the reasons that higher percentage of the elderly suffered with musculoskeletal pain are related to the changes of extensibility of connective tissue, muscle power, and muscle reaction time.───中老年人有較高的比例出現肌肉骨骼系統疼痛，部分原因是對抗重力的肌肉及軟組織隨著(zhù)組織退化而功能消退，反應協(xié)調能力下降。

30 、In this article we reviewed the advancement of FS technique applied in the musculoskeletal system.───本文綜述了脂肪抑制技術(shù)在肌肉骨骼系統疾病診斷中的應用進(jìn)展。

31 、Evidence is extremely limited to support the use of antispastic agents for musculoskeletal conditions, for which an antispasmodic agent is typically more appropriate.───支持在肌骨骼疾病中使用前一種肌松藥的依據非常有限，使用后一種肌松藥更為合適。

32 、Congenital deformity of musculoskeletal system───先天性肌肉骨骼系統畸形

33 、Keywords 99Tc-MDP;Breast cancer;Endocrine therapy;Musculoskeletal pain;───乳腺癌;內分泌治療;骨關(guān)節、肌肉痛;

34 、We performed a systematic oeriew of randomized statin trials to quantify the risks of musculoskeletal, renal, and hepatic complications associated with therapy.───我們通過(guò)他汀藥物隨機試驗的系統觀(guān)察，定量研究了與治療相關(guān)的他汀類(lèi)藥物引起的骨骼肌、腎臟以及肝臟的風(fēng)險。

35 、Analysis of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in immediate treatment of musculoskeletal disorders───體外沖擊波療法治療肩關(guān)節周?chē)椎募磿r(shí)效果分析

36 、active painful musculoskeletal disease───活動(dòng)性痛性肌肉骨胳疾病

37 、Methods 9 cases were treated by adequate surgery and 6 cases by inadequate surgery in total 15 cases according to the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Classification.───方法根據國際肌肉骨骼腫瘤學(xué)會(huì )分類(lèi)法,15例患者中充分手術(shù)9例,不充分手術(shù)6例。

38 、However, many of the studies that prospectively defined and monitored adverse events showed that most of these were musculoskeletal complaints including joint pain and muscle soreness.───不過(guò)，許多定義與監測副作用的前溯研究顯示，多數為肌肉骨骼方面的抱怨，包括關(guān)節疼痛與肌肉痠痛。

39 、However, orthotics and supportive footwear, by restricting foot movement, also prevent the natural foot dynamics required for optimal healthy musculoskeletal function.───更有甚者，長(cháng)此下去會(huì )導致腳肌肉的萎縮，骨關(guān)節的變形，增加足部對鞋支撐結構的依賴(lài)性。

40 、Keywords Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity;Musculoskeletal equilibrium Child;───注意力缺陷障礙伴多動(dòng);肌肉骨骼平衡;兒童;

41 、If the musculoskeletal system is not in proper alignment,yoga mat, the central nervous system cannot properly relay inforpvc mation to the body and illness may soon to follow.───如果肌肉骨骼系統以不正確的形式結合，那么中樞神經(jīng)系統就無(wú)法把信息正確地傳遞給身體的其他部位，疾病就可能接踵而至。

42 、Functional outcomes were measured using the 1993 Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Rating Scale (MSTS93).───使用1993年肌與骨骼腫瘤協(xié)會(huì )量表（MSTS93）來(lái)評定功能結果。

43 、Deltoid resection (partial or complete) resulted in a reduced postoperative range of motion in flexion and abduction but had no effect on the mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score.───三角肌切除（部分或完全）導致屈伸運動(dòng)及術(shù)后活動(dòng)范圍減少，但對平均肌肉骨骼腫瘤學(xué)評分無(wú)影響。

44 、Hip disorders in childhood and adolescent, Clubfoot deformity, Congenital and idiopathic scoliosis, Limb deformtiy, Musculoskeletal trauma, infection and sequalae, bone tumour───擅長(cháng)：兒童骨科，先天性和發(fā)育性脊柱、四肢畸形的矯治，骨骼肌肉系統的創(chuàng )傷及并發(fā)癥，骨與關(guān)節重建

45 、Methods: A complex musculoskeletal wound was created in the proximal part of the leg of goats.───方法：在山羊腿的近心端部位造一個(gè)肌與骨骼的復合傷口。

46 、It has a musculo skeletal bank which collects, preserves and distributes musculoskeletal tissue.───它擁有一家肌肉骨骼銀行，來(lái)蒐集、保存和提供肌肉骨骼組織。

47 、Function was assessed with the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score.───功能則采用短肌骨骼功能評估表及美國足踝矯形外科社會(huì )評分進(jìn)行評價(jià)。

48 、Study on vascularity of musculoskeletal system tumor by three-dimensional color power angiography───三維彩色血管能量成像對肌肉骨骼系統腫瘤血供分布研究

49 、Tendon is an important structure in musculoskeletal system.Understanding the influence of aging tendon and exercise training can improve the motor ability and reduce the incidence of tendon lesions.───摘要肌腱是肌肉骨骼系統中的重要結構，全面了解衰老肌膜及運動(dòng)訓練對其影響有利于改善老年人運動(dòng)能力的下降和肌腱損傷發(fā)生幾率的增加。

50 、Learn principles of acute and chronic pain management in patients with musculoskeletal disorders.───學(xué)習處置肌肉骨骼傷病患者急性與慢性疼痛之原則.

51 、While higher leels of physical actiity may place increased load on the musculoskeletal system that could potentially contribute to RSI, the study found no such link.───既然更高水平的體力活動(dòng)會(huì )增加肌肉與骨骼系統的負荷，那么它就可能會(huì )導致RSI，但研究發(fā)現不存在這種聯(lián)系。

52 、Seamless interface with the patient's nervous and musculoskeletal systems.─── 和病人神經(jīng)系統 和肌肉骨骼系統無(wú)縫對接

53 、Healthcare System Approach May Reduce Disability Associated With Musculoskeletal Disorders───醫療保健的系統方法可以降低肌與骨骼疾病相關(guān)的殘疾

54 、Westggard RH, Aras A.Postural muscle strain as casual factor in the development of musculoskeletal illness.───馮兆康.黃建財：護理人員背部及腿部及肩部肌肉骨骼傷害之相關(guān)因子研究。

55 、New are chapters on dermatology, musculoskeletal problems, and development disabilities/special needs.───在皮膚病學(xué)，肌與骨骼的問(wèn)題和發(fā)展生理殘障/特別的需要上的章新。

56 、Mixed Finite Element Formulation for Dynamic Response of Soft Tissues of Human Musculoskeletal System───人體肌骨軟組織動(dòng)力響應的混合有限元解法

57 、The diagnostic value of CT-guided percutaneous biopsy in the musculoskeletal system───CT引導下經(jīng)皮穿刺活檢在肌骨病變中的診斷價(jià)值

58 、The application of dynamic contrast-enhanced CT imaging in differentiating benign musculoskeletal masses from malignant ones───CT動(dòng)態(tài)增強掃描在肌肉骨骼系統良惡性腫物鑒別中的價(jià)值

59 、Keywords High energy shock waves;Musculoskeletal disorder;Pain;───關(guān)鍵詞高能震波;肌肉骨關(guān)節疾病;疼痛;

60 、Keywords Arthroplasty;replacement;hip;Femur neck;Musculoskeletal equilibrium;───關(guān)節成形術(shù);置換;髖;股骨頸;肌肉骨骼平衡;

61 、The sites of CT guided biopsy and therapy included the thorax , abdomen, musculoskeletal system and brain .───包括CT導引經(jīng)皮活檢和介入性治療,它涉及胸部、腹部、肌肉骨骼系統和顱腦等部位。

62 、Study on the Relationship between Workload and Musculoskeletal Disorders among the Workers in An Automobile Factory───汽車(chē)生產(chǎn)工人的勞動(dòng)負荷與肌肉骨骼疾患的關(guān)系研究

63 、Study on Musculoskeletal Function among Workers in Chemical Industry and Its Association with Work Ability───化工工人肌肉骨骼功能及其與工作能力的關(guān)系

64 、Putz-Anderson,V.,1988,Cumulative Trauma Disorders: A manual for musculoskeletal diseases of upper limbs , Taylor & Francis, London.───锜信堯，2004，手工具設計開(kāi)發(fā)與人因評估-以螺絲起子為例，國立交通大學(xué)工業(yè)工程與工程管理研究所碩士論文。

65 、Musculoskeletal and functional muscle-bone analysis in children with rheumatic disease using peripheral quantitative computed tomography───外周定量計算機體層攝影術(shù)分析風(fēng)濕病兒童的肌肉及骨骼狀況

66 、a. The musculoskeletal system or skin, e.g. arthritis, rheumatism, gout, sciatica or any disorder of the bones or spine?───與肌肉及骨骼系統或皮膚有關的疾病，如：關節炎、風濕病、痛風、坐骨神經痛、或其他骨骼及脊椎問題?

67 、Summary of Background Data.Low back pain is one of the most common and costly musculoskeletal problems in modern society.───摘要：腰背痛是現代社會(huì )中最普遍，花費最高的肌肉骨骼疾病之一。

68 、Clinical Releance: The results of this animal study suggest that gene therapy with BMPs may improe the capacity of injured musculoskeletal tissue to heal.───臨床相關(guān)性：本動(dòng)物研究的結果表明采用BMP基因治療可以提高損傷肌骨骼組織愈合的能力。

69 、Shock-wave therapy is indicated for treatment of genitourinary concretion and musculoskeletal disease,it is routine method in clinic.───體外沖擊波療法已廣泛應用于臨床泌尿外科和骨科,成為治療泌尿系結石和骨骼肌肉系統疾病的常規治療方法。

70 、Strategies and methods to improve therapists' own musculoskeletal health include prevention of low back pain and tendonitis.───促進(jìn)治療師肌肉骨骼健康，如預防下背痛與肌腱炎等。

71 、We performed a systematic overview of randomized statin trials to quantify the risks of musculoskeletal, renal, and hepatic complications associated with therapy.───我們進(jìn)行了一項他汀藥物隨機試驗的系統性評估以量化諸如骨骼肌、腎、肝臟治療的相關(guān)并發(fā)癥。

72 、Water from small Hom Shek Pik, Han Qin musculoskeletal, Kam-hair.───池水出自石壁小坎，寒沁肌骨，清鑒毛發(fā)。

73 、National Commission on Arthritis and Related Musculoskeletal Diseases───全國關(guān)節炎與相關(guān)肌骨骼疾病委員會(huì )

74 、Hertling D, Kessler RM： Management of Common Musculoskeletal Disorders - Physical Therapy Principles and Methods. 3rd ED,Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1996───參考書(shū)1.黃麗麗：淋巴水腫及其特殊按摩法.中華民國物理治療學(xué)會(huì )雜志,6:39-41,1981.

75 、Congenital anomaly of musculoskeletal system───先天性肌肉骨骼系統異常

76 、diffuse musculoskeletal pain───彌散性肌肉骨胳痛

77 、Musculoskeletal symptoms are widely recognized manifestations among hypothyroid patients.They are usually mild and insidious, consisting of weakness, cramps, pain, slowness, or stiffness.───摘要罹患甲狀腺機能低下癥的病人，常常出現肌肉及骨骼系統癥狀，例如肌肉無(wú)力、虛弱、疼痛、抽筋、僵硬及動(dòng)作遲緩等，通常癥狀輕微且發(fā)病過(guò)程緩慢。

78 、It is equally possible that that endometriosis or chronic pelic pain (as potential indications for hysterectomy) and chronic musculoskeletal pain may both be part of an oerarching pain problem.───或者存在這樣的可能：子宮內膜異位或慢性骨盆疼痛（潛在子宮切除術(shù)指征）和慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛都是oerarchingpain（？）問(wèn)題的一部分。

79 、The value of time-signal intensity curve in diagnosing musculoskeletal masses───時(shí)間-信號強度曲線(xiàn)在肌骨系統腫塊中的診斷價(jià)值

80 、Other unanswered questions about musculoskeletal injury include the value of ice, compression, and elevation, as well as the optimal frequency and duration of these treatments.───其他有關(guān)肌肉骨骼損傷尚未解答的問(wèn)題包括：冰敷、加壓、抬高的價(jià)值及這些治療方法的最佳頻率和持續時(shí)間。

81 、Lasers in the Musculoskeletal System───激光在肌肉骨骼系統中的應用

82 、Multi-oblique Needling Acupuncture in Treating Musculoskeletal Chronic Fatigue Damage───多針斜刺法治療慢性骨骼肌勞損

軟組織損傷新原則？

軟組織損傷處理的新原則：PEACE 和 LOVE

軟組織損傷的康復過(guò)程是復雜的。多年來(lái)，指導軟組織損傷的康復方法從ICE到RICE，又從PRICE到POLICE。盡管這些康復方法眾所周知，但支持這些方法的證據是有限的。ICE/RICE/PRICE側重于急性治療，忽略了組織愈合的亞急性階段和慢性階段。

我們提出了兩個(gè)新的略寫(xiě)詞來(lái)進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化軟組織損傷的康復過(guò)程。我們的方法包括急性護理期 PEACE（和平）原則和后續管理的 LOVE（愛(ài)）原則。PEACE & LOVE概述了健康教育和心理社會(huì )因素對康復的重要性。此外，雖然消炎藥對疼痛和功能的恢復有好處，但我們認為其對組織的修復具有潛在的有害影響，因此我們不建議使用它們來(lái)促進(jìn)軟組織恢復。

在軟組織損傷的急性階段，應該使用PEACE原則來(lái)進(jìn)行處理。

P-保護

停止或限制運動(dòng)1-3天，以減少出血，防止受傷肌纖維的腫脹，并減少受傷加重的風(fēng)險。盡量減少休息時(shí)間，長(cháng)時(shí)間的休息會(huì )使組織力量和性能下降。依靠疼痛信號來(lái)移除保護“設施”并逐步恢復運動(dòng)。

E-抬高

將患肢抬高到高于心臟的位置，以促進(jìn)組織液從組織中流出。盡管支持這種方法的證據不足，但考慮到其較低的風(fēng)險/收益比值，仍建議抬高患肢。

A-避免使用抗炎藥物

抗炎藥物可能對組織的長(cháng)期愈合有害。不同階段的炎癥有助于軟組織更好的再生。不推薦使用藥理學(xué)方法抑制此過(guò)程，因為這可能損害組織愈合，特別是使用較高劑量時(shí)。

我們對低溫療法存有質(zhì)疑。盡管在臨床醫生和相關(guān)人群中冰塊被廣泛使用，但沒(méi)有高質(zhì)量的證據表明冷凍療法對軟組織損傷的效果。即使冰塊主要用于鎮痛，但其也可能破壞炎癥、血管生成和血管再通，延緩中性粒細胞和巨噬細胞浸潤，增加未成熟肌纖維，導致組織再生受損和膠原合成過(guò)剩。

C-加壓

使用膠帶或繃帶產(chǎn)生的外部機械性壓力有助于限制關(guān)節內水腫和組織出血。盡管有相互矛盾的研究，但踝關(guān)節扭傷后施加壓力似乎可以減輕腫脹，改善生活質(zhì)量。

E-教育

治療師應告訴患者積極康復的好處。與主動(dòng)療法相比，損傷后早期的被動(dòng)療法，如電療、手法治療或針灸，對疼痛和功能的影響微不足道;從長(cháng)遠來(lái)看，被動(dòng)療法甚至可能適得其反。事實(shí)上，養成“需要被修復”的習慣會(huì )對治療師產(chǎn)生依賴(lài)性，最終會(huì )對結果產(chǎn)生消極的態(tài)度，從而導致癥狀的持續。好的健康教育和負荷指導將有助于避免過(guò)度治療，過(guò)度治療會(huì )增加藥物注射或手術(shù)的風(fēng)險，以及由于失能補償（例如腰背痛）而增加的醫療成本。在技術(shù)和高科技治療方法可供人們選擇的時(shí)代，我們對患者康復時(shí)間的設定應切合實(shí)際康復時(shí)間，而不是追求神奇快速的治療方法。

在急性期之后的后續階段，應該使用LOVE原則了進(jìn)行處理。

L-負荷

積極的運動(dòng)和鍛煉有益于大多數肌肉骨骼疾病患者。應盡早地增加機械應力，在癥狀允許的情況下盡快地恢復正?；顒?dòng)。最佳的負荷（不產(chǎn)生疼痛情況下）可通過(guò)機械應力來(lái)促進(jìn)肌肉、肌腱和韌帶的修復、重塑以及組織耐受能力的建立。

O-樂(lè )觀(guān)

大腦在康復干預中起著(zhù)關(guān)鍵作用。災難性事故、抑郁和恐懼等心理因素可能會(huì )阻止恢復，與病理生理學(xué)相比，心理因素更能解釋踝關(guān)節扭傷后的癥狀和局限性?；颊叩谋^(guān)預期也與次優(yōu)的結果和較差的預后有關(guān)。從實(shí)際出發(fā)的同時(shí)，醫護工作者應鼓勵患者保持樂(lè )觀(guān)，進(jìn)而提高最佳恢復的可能性。

V-血管形成

包括有氧運動(dòng)在內的身體活動(dòng)是肌肉骨骼損傷管理的基石。雖然在運動(dòng)劑量方面尚需進(jìn)一步研究，但無(wú)痛的有氧運動(dòng)應在受傷幾天后就開(kāi)始，以提高動(dòng)力，增加受傷結構處的血流量。早期的動(dòng)員和有氧運動(dòng)可以改善肌肉骨骼疾病患者的功能、工作狀態(tài)，減少對止痛藥的需求。

E-活動(dòng)

有大量的證據表明活動(dòng)可以治療踝關(guān)節扭傷并減少復發(fā)性損傷的概率?；顒?dòng)有助于損傷后早期運動(dòng)能力、力量和本體感覺(jué)的恢復。應避免疼痛，以確保在恢復的亞急性期中得到最佳修復，可以用疼痛指導運動(dòng)。

處理軟組織損傷不僅僅是短期的損傷控制。與其他損傷相似，臨床醫生應著(zhù)眼于長(cháng)期的結果。無(wú)論處理腳踝扭傷還是韌帶拉傷，我們希望這篇“Bolg @ British Journal of Sports Medicine”上的這篇“Soft tissue injuries simply need PEACE & LOVE”文章，能鼓勵臨床醫生給和平（PEACE）一個(gè)機會(huì )，或許所有的軟組織損傷都需要愛(ài)（LOVE）。

參考文獻：

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乙二醇二甲醚的物質(zhì)毒性

編號 毒性類(lèi)型 測試方法 測試對象 使用劑量 毒性作用 1 acute Oral Human 3380 mg/kg 1.胃腸道毒性Gastrointestinal - gastritis　　2.肝毒性L(fǎng)iver - other changes　　3.腎、輸尿管和膀胱毒性Kidney, Ureter, Bladder -other changes 2 acute Inhalation Human 25 ppm 1.行為毒性Behavioral - tremor　　2.行為毒性Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold　　3.行為毒性Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) 3 acute Oral Rodent - rat 2370 mg/kg 1.行為毒性Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)　　2.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性L(fǎng)ungs, Thorax, or Respiration -other changes 4 acute Inhalation Rodent - rat 1500 ppm/7H 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value 5 acute Intraperitoneal Rodent - rat 2500 mg/kg 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value 6 acute Intravenous Rodent - rat 2068 mg/kg 1.血液毒性Blood - other hemolysis with or without anemia 7 acute Oral Rodent - mouse 2560 mg/kg 1.行為毒性Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)　　2.行為毒性Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)　　3.心臟毒性Cardiac - other changes 8 acute Inhalation Rodent - mouse 1480 ppm/7H 1.行為毒性Behavioral - analgesia　　2.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性L(fǎng)ungs, Thorax, or Respiration -dyspnea　　3.腎、輸尿管和膀胱毒性Kidney, Ureter, Bladder -hematuria 9 acute Intraperitoneal Rodent - mouse 2147 mg/kg 1.腎、輸尿管和膀胱毒性Kidney, Ureter, Bladder -changes in both tubules and glomeruli　　2.血液毒性Blood - changes in spleen　　3.血液毒性Blood - other changes 10 acute Oral Rodent - rabbit 890 mg/kg 1.行為毒性Behavioral - general anesthetic　　2.血液毒性Blood - other hemolysis with or without anemia 11 acute Administration onto the skin Rodent - rabbit 1280 mg/kg 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value 12 acute Oral Rodent - guinea pig 950 mg/kg 1.行為毒性Behavioral - general anesthetic　　2.胃腸道毒性Gastrointestinal - other changes　　3.腎、輸尿管和膀胱毒性Kidney, Ureter, Bladder -other changes 13 MutipleDose Inhalation Rodent - rat 400 ppm/6H/2W-I 1.大腦毒性Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes　　2.營(yíng)養和代謝系統毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain　　3.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - multiple enzyme effects 14 MutipleDose Oral Rodent - rat 10206 mg/kg/21D-C 1.內分泌毒性Endocrine - changes in thymus weight　　2.營(yíng)養和代謝系統毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain　　3.慢**相關(guān)毒性Related to Chronic Data - changes in testicular weight 15 MutipleDose Oral Rodent - rat 500 mg/kg/10D-I 1.內分泌毒性Endocrine - changes in thymus weight　　2.免疫系統毒性Immunological Including Allergic - decreased immune response 16 MutipleDose Inhalation Rodent - rat 300 ppm/6H/13W-I 1.血液毒性Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count　　2.營(yíng)養和代謝系統毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain　　3.慢**相關(guān)毒性Related to Chronic Data - changes in testicular weight 17 MutipleDose Inhalation Rodent - rat 970 mg/m3/7H/5W-I 1.血液毒性Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified)　　2.血液毒性Blood - changes in spleen 18 MutipleDose Inhalation Rodent - rat 1000 ppm/6H/11D-I 1.腎、輸尿管和膀胱毒性Kidney, Ureter, Bladder -other changes in urine composition　　2.血液毒性Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified)　　3.血液毒性Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count 19 MutipleDose Administration onto the skin Rodent - rat 20 mg/kg/4W-I 1.血液毒性Blood - changes in other cell count (unspecified)　　2.血液毒性Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count　　3.慢**相關(guān)毒性Related to Chronic Data - changes in testicular weight 20 MutipleDose Intraperitoneal Rodent - rat 450 mg/kg/16D-I 1.血液毒性Blood - changes in other cell count (unspecified)　　2.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other Enzymes 21 MutipleDose Oral Rodent - rat 29484 mg/kg/13W-C 1.內分泌毒性Endocrine - changes in thymus weight　　2.血液毒性Blood - changes in platelet count　　3.營(yíng)養和代謝系統毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain 22 MutipleDose Administration onto the skin Rodent - rat 3200 mg/kg/4D-I 1.內分泌毒性Endocrine - changes in thymus weight　　2.免疫系統毒性Immunological Including Allergic - decrease in humoral immune response 23 MutipleDose Oral Rodent - mouse 12110 mg/kg/2W-C 1.內分泌毒性Endocrine - changes in thymus weight　　2.慢**相關(guān)毒性Related to Chronic Data - changes in testicular weight 24 MutipleDose Oral Rodent - mouse 82 mg/kg/13W-C 1.內分泌毒性Endocrine - effect on menstrual cycle　　2.內分泌毒性Endocrine - other changes　　3.血液毒性Blood - changes in spleen 25 MutipleDose Inhalation Rodent - mouse 1000 ppm/6H/11D-I 1.血液毒性Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count　　2.慢**相關(guān)毒性Related to Chronic Data - changes in testicular weight 26 MutipleDose Inhalation Mammal - dog 750 ppm/7H/12W-I 1.血液毒性Blood - microcytosis with or without anemia　　2.血液毒性Blood - other changes 27 MutipleDose Inhalation Rodent - rabbit 300 ppm/6H/13W-I 1.內分泌毒性Endocrine - changes in thymus weight　　2.血液毒性Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count　　3.慢**相關(guān)毒性Related to Chronic Data - changes in testicular weight 28 MutipleDose Administration onto the skin Rodent - guinea pig 65 mg/kg/13W-I 1.血液毒性Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count　　2.營(yíng)養和代謝系統毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain　　3.慢**相關(guān)毒性Related to Chronic Data - changes in testicular weight 29 SkinEyeIrrition Administration onto the skin Rodent - rabbit 483 mg/24H 1.Mild 30 SkinEyeIrrition Administration into the eye Rodent - rabbit 97 mg 　31 SkinEyeIrrition Administration into the eye Rodent - rabbit 500 mg/24H 1.Mild 32 SkinEyeIrrition Administration into the eye Rodent - guinea pig 10 ug 1.Mild 33 Mutation 　Human Lymphocyte 150 mmol/L 　34 Mutation Oral Rodent - rat 500 mg/kg 　35 Mutation Oral Rodent - rat 500 mg/kg 　36 Mutation Oral Rodent - mouse 500 mg/kg 　37 Reproductive Oral Rodent - rat 175 mg/kg,female 7-13 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -cardiovascular (circulatory) system 38 Reproductive Oral Rodent - rat 175 mg/kg,female 7-13 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Maternal Effects - parturition　　2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Newborn -biochemical and metabolic 39 Reproductive Oral Rodent - rat 15015 mg/kg,male 13 week(s) pre-mating 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, andcount) 40 Reproductive Oral Rodent - rat 100 mg/kg,male 1 day(s) pre-mating 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, spermduct 41 Reproductive Oral Rodent - rat 350 mg/kg,female 9-15 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility -litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)　　2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stuntedfetus)　　3.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -cardiovascular (circulatory) system 42 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - rat 68 mg/kg/4H,female 1-19 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility -pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)　　2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) 43 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - rat 30 ppm/6H,male 65 day(s) pre-mating 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, spermduct 44 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - rat 100 ppm/6H,female 6-17 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Maternal Effects - parturition　　2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility -female fertility index (e.g. # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # femalesmated)　　3.生殖毒性Reproductive- Effects on Newborn -live birth index (measured after birth) 45 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - rat 100 ppm/6H,female 6-17 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Newborn -viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # bornalive)　　2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Newborn -growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain) 46 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - rat 30 ppm/6H,male 13 week(s) pre-mating 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility -post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) 47 Reproductive Administration onto the skin Rodent - rat 11592 mg/kg,female 6-17 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility -female fertility index (e.g. # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # femalesmated)　　2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetaldeath 48 Reproductive Administration onto the skin Rodent - rat 4375 mg/kg,male 7 day(s) pre-mating 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, andcount)　　2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, spermduct　　3.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility - male fertility index (e.g. # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) 49 Reproductive Administration onto the skin Rodent - rat 2 mg/kg,female 10 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility -post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) 50 Reproductive Administration onto the skin Rodent - rat 1 mg/kg,female 12 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stuntedfetus)　　2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -craniofacial (including nose andtongue)　　3.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -gastrointestinal system 51 Reproductive Intraperitoneal Rodent - rat 330 mg/kg,female 12 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -musculoskeletal system　　2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -cardiovascular (circulatory) system 52 Reproductive Intraperitoneal Rodent - rat 190 mg/kg,female 14 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -Central Nervous System　　2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -urogenital system 53 Reproductive Intraperitoneal Rodent - rat 190 mg/kg,female 12 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -musculoskeletal system 54 Reproductive Intraperitoneal Rodent - rat 190 mg/kg,female 8 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility -post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) 55 Reproductive Subcutaneous Rodent - rat 600 mg/kg,female 6-20 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive- Effects on Newborn -live birth index (measured after birth)　　2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Newborn -viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # bornalive) 56 Reproductive Subcutaneous Rodent - rat 440 mg/kg,female 7-17 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive- Effects on Newborn -live birth index (measured after birth) 57 Reproductive Oral Rodent - rat 250 mg/kg,female 13 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stuntedfetus)　　2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -musculoskeletal system 58 Reproductive Oral Rodent - mouse 175 mg/kg,female 11 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -musculoskeletal system 59 Reproductive Oral Rodent - mouse 2 mg/kg,female 7-14 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility -litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)　　2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetaldeath　　3.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -Central Nervous System 60 Reproductive Oral Rodent - mouse 500 mg/kg,female 9 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility -post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)　　2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)　　3.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stuntedfetus) 61 Reproductive Oral Rodent - mouse 250 mg/kg,female 11 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stuntedfetus)　　2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -musculoskeletal system 62 Reproductive Oral Rodent - mouse 6250 mg/kg,male 25 day(s) pre-mating 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, spermduct 63 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - mouse 1000 ppm/6H,male 11 day(s) pre-mating 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, spermduct 64 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - mouse 500 ppm/7H,male 5 day(s) pre-mating 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, andcount) 65 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - mouse 50 ppm/6H,female 6-15 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility -litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)　　2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -urogenital system 66 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - mouse 50 ppm/6H,female 6-15 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -musculoskeletal system　　2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -urogenital system 67 Reproductive Subcutaneous Rodent - mouse 1200 mg/kg,female 7-13 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stuntedfetus) 68 Reproductive Subcutaneous Rodent - mouse 3200 mg/kg,female 7-14 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility -post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) 69 Reproductive Subcutaneous Rodent - mouse 250 mg/kg,female 8 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -Central Nervous System　　2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -craniofacial (including nose andtongue) 70 Reproductive Intravenous Rodent - mouse 250 mg/kg,female 8 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -Central Nervous System 71 Reproductive Oral Primate - monkey 930 mg/kg,female 20-45 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility -abortion　　2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetaldeath 72 Reproductive Oral Primate - monkey 633 mg/kg,female 20-45 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stuntedfetus) 73 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - rabbit 300 ppm/6H,male 65 day(s) pre-mating 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, spermduct 74 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - rabbit 50 ppm/6H,female 6-18 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -body wall　　2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -cardiovascular (circulatory) system　　3.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -urogenital system 75 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - rabbit 50 ppm/6H,female 6-18 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stuntedfetus)　　2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -body wall　　3.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -musculoskeletal system 76 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - rabbit 10 ppm/6H,female 6-18 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility -post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)　　2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities -musculoskeletal system 77 Reproductive Oral Rodent - guinea pig 6250 mg/kg,male 25 day(s) pre-mating 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, spermduct 78 Reproductive Administration onto the skin Rodent - guinea pig 65 mg/kg,male 65 day(s) pre-mating 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, spermduct 79 Reproductive Oral Rodent - hamster 1562 mg/kg,male 25 day(s) pre-mating 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, spermduct