?underperforming

underperforming發(fā)音

[ʌndəpə'fɔ:m]

英：　　美：

underperforming中文意思翻譯

vt. 運作差, 表演

vi. 表現不佳, 工作不如預期(或同行)

underperforming詞形變化

動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式: underperformed | 動(dòng)詞現在分詞: underperforming | 動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數: underperforms | 名詞: underperformance | 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞: underperformed |

underperforming常見(jiàn)例句

1 、Vary position size when the system underperforms the market, retest and report back.─── 當系統數據低于市場(chǎng)一般價(jià)格的時(shí)候 變化頭寸和倉位 重新檢測再報給我

2 、The firm has also dumped a number of its underperforming operations and made acquisitions in promising areas such as Hispanic media and clean technology.───GE還拋售了一些業(yè)績(jì)不佳的部門(mén)，并且在西班牙語(yǔ)媒體和清潔能源等前景光明的領(lǐng)域加大了投資。

3 、And many adjuncts say most colleges provide them with so little support, job security, and money that it is inevitable that their students will underperform.───并且很多助教說(shuō)絕大部分學(xué)校給他們提供的支持，工作保障以及錢(qián)都太少了，所以不可避免的他們的學(xué)生學(xué)習狀況不佳。

4 、In the interim, our economy will not have access to all of the credit it needs and may underperform, at great cost to our society.───在過(guò)渡期間，我們的經(jīng)濟將無(wú)法獲取所需的全部信貸并可能表現不佳，從而讓我們的社會(huì )承擔巨大的代價(jià)。

5 、Under the proposed change, public schools with just a few struggling students could help students without being labeled underperforming.───在試行改革下，公眾學(xué)校為避免被評為不合格，將幫助少數有學(xué)業(yè)困難的學(xué)生。

6 、Not content with criticising Atkinson for the decisions, however, Ferguson also accused Hackett of failing to take action against underperforming officials.───弗格森爵士不僅抨擊了阿特金森，還指責哈克特沒(méi)能對水平低下的裁判采取行動(dòng)。

7 、Microsoft sources told the BBC's Rory Cellan-Jones that the company was no longer interested in a full takeover because Yahoo had been "underperforming" and was losing some of its key staff.───微軟消息來(lái)源告訴英國廣播公司的羅里凱蘭-瓊斯表示，該公司已不再有興趣，在全面接管，因為雅虎已“不佳” ，正在失去它的一些關(guān)鍵工作人員。

8 、The company says it has to streamline its dealer network by eliminating a substantial portion of its underperforming dealers in order to move toward profitability.───該公司表示，已精簡(jiǎn)其經(jīng)銷(xiāo)網(wǎng)絡(luò )，消除很大一部分其不佳的經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商為了走向盈利.

9 、The overhang of non-tradeable shares has been blamed for the underperforming stock market, so the desire to issue options may be a powerful inducement to management to convert the non-tradeable shares.───表現不佳的股票市場(chǎng)把責任歸咎于非流通股的解決，因此發(fā)行股票期權的期望是管理層轉化非流通股為流通股的強大的動(dòng)機。

10 、Investment grade bonds underperform government bonds as spreads continue to widen.───由于兩者之間息差不斷擴闊，投資級債券跑輸政府債券。

11 、By far, most market prognosticators significantly underperform the market, despite their universal claims to the contrary.───到目前為止，大多數市場(chǎng)預言家表現都遠差于市場(chǎng)，盡管他們都宣傳好于市場(chǎng)表現。

12 、If you’re underhydrated, your body will underperform.───如果你含有低的碳水化合物，你的身體將運作較差。

13 、The latter force might also further decrease the net worth of institutions that had already been put under water by defaults arising from an underperforming economy.───對于那些已經(jīng)被經(jīng)濟不景氣造成的違約所傷害的金融機構來(lái)說(shuō)，這種力量可能會(huì )進(jìn)一步降低它們的凈資產(chǎn)。

14 、He holds an "underperform" rating on Shell's two parent companies.───他對該公司兩家母公司股票的評級都是弱于大盤(pán)。

15 、By erasing your capital gains, the bear market has taken away much of the tax liability that might have entrapped you in an overpriced mutual fund with an underperforming manager.───熊市抹去了你的資本利得，這樣你的稅務(wù)負擔可能也會(huì )卸下許多，而繳稅義務(wù)或許誘使你投資了一只管理不佳、定價(jià)過(guò)高的共同基金。

16 、Investment grade bonds marginally underperform government bonds.───投資級債券表現較政府債券略遜色。

17 、The Brazilian admitted that Chelsea will not win the championship if they continue to underperform, although as they are only four points behind Liverpool, he refused to concede the title.───巴西人承認如果他們繼續這樣的表現的話(huà)，切爾西別想拿到冠軍。他們現在只落后利物浦4分，斯科拉里拒絕認輸。

18 、The effects are not just an underperforming film industry and underrepresentation on the world's literary stage.───審查的影響不僅僅是表現不佳的**產(chǎn)業(yè)和在世界文化舞臺上的代表性不足。

19 、The company has a diversification plan that may help its shares move in line with the stock market, instead of underperforming as they have done recently, she says.───她談到，中集集團有一個(gè)多元化計劃，這也許會(huì )帶動(dòng)其股票與大盤(pán)走勢保持一致，而不是像最近這樣一直弱于大盤(pán)。

20 、Kodak CEO Pang anthone believed that underperform the company Department by film business to digital business transformation process, at the same time the company has been slashed costs.───柯達首席執行官彭安東認為，業(yè)績(jì)不佳主要在于公司仍處在由膠片業(yè)務(wù)向數碼業(yè)務(wù)轉型的過(guò)程中，同時(shí)公司也一直在大幅削減成本開(kāi)支。

21 、I warned you that underperforming will not be tolerated.───我警告你表現不彰的不將會(huì )是寬容。

22 、It was the start of a hotel boom that continues today, and the new owners of the iconic brand were unwilling to allow it to underperform.───這是開(kāi)始的一個(gè)飯店興旺,今天仍在繼續,而新的業(yè)主對品牌形象,也不愿讓它業(yè)績(jì)不佳。

23 、These issues include the fact that certain dealerships may have been exclusively stocking the now-defunct Pontiac brand, or be underperforming in regards to sales targets.───這些問(wèn)題包括某些經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商可能已被完全放養現已停播的龐蒂克品牌，或者是在對表現不佳的銷(xiāo)售目標.

24 、'If there's less political noise for a while, then there's no reason for Thailand to underperform other countries in the region.───如果政治動(dòng)蕩緩解了，泰國就沒(méi)有理由比不上這一地區的其他國家了。

25 、They include a labour-contract law that came into effect on January 1st and which many employers fear could make it much harder to fire underperforming workers.───這包括今年1月開(kāi)始執行的勞動(dòng)合同法,很雇主擔心該法會(huì )使解雇工作績(jì)效差的人更為困難。

26 、I warned you that underperforming players will not be tolerated.───我警告你表現不彰的運動(dòng)員不將會(huì )是寬容。

27 、But I've spoken to your professors and they say you are underperforming egregiously.─── 我和你的教授們談過(guò)了 他們說(shuō)你表現極差

28 、After peevish years cast as China's underperforming neighbour, the huntress is now in hot pursuit.───印度這個(gè)“捕獵者”作為中國的近鄰，多年來(lái)一直表現不佳，心情急躁，如今正奮起直追。

29 、If it did, everyone would adopt it, and who would be left to underperform?───要是有用的話(huà)，大家都會(huì )用它了，那怎么還會(huì )有業(yè)績(jì)不佳的人？

30 、Even after underperforming, aluminum has fallen in tandem, hindered by higher stocks.───由于受到過(guò)高庫存的阻礙,鋁的價(jià)格已經(jīng)下跌。

31 、When issuing firms are large relative to repurchasing firms, for example, we find that large firms subsequently underperform.───例如，我們發(fā)現，相對于回購公司，如果發(fā)行公司的較大的話(huà)，其最后的表現會(huì )落后于大市。

32 、If a catastrophe only happens 1% of the time, then 99 times out of 100, betting on such an event will lose money.The investor will underperform the benchmark and lose clients.───如果為了1%的可能性而惶惶不可終日，投資者會(huì )因業(yè)績(jì)不佳而失去客戶(hù)。

33 、In addition, local stocks avoided by fund managers underperform the local stocks they hold by a risk-adjusted 3 percent per year.───此外，在調整風(fēng)險因素后，這些基金管理人未持有的本地股票要比其所持有的本地股票的綜合收益率低3%。

34 、I would just love to help out my lowestachieving, most underperforming, worst colleague be a little bit less awful.─── 我實(shí)在太愿意 幫助評估成績(jì)慘烈 表現無(wú)法直視 學(xué)校最差同事 變得稍微不那么差

35 、Worry about underperforming schools is hardly confined to Britain: in America, in Italy, in Germany, even in once-proud France (see article) education is a hot-button topic.───擔心學(xué)校運行不佳并不局限在國內，在美國、意大利、德國甚至以教育為榮的法國，教育仍是一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。

36 、We continue to believe that JPY will likely underperform AXJ currencies.───我們繼續相信日元的表現差于A(yíng)XJ貨幣。

37 、Then head on over to CAPS, the Fool's investor intelligence database, and rate them as either an outperform or underperform going forward.───然后，頭部到大寫(xiě)，在愚人節的投資者情報數據庫，并率它們作為一個(gè)超越或低于向前發(fā)展。

38 、What a pity that, due to underperforming, he failed to win the gold medal.───由于臨場(chǎng)發(fā)揮失利，他沒(méi)能拿到金牌，令人扼腕嘆息。

39 、Benitez also feels that referees who underperform should be held accountable for their actions and has called on the appropriate authorities to take action.───貝尼特斯也認為像這些失誤連連的裁判應該為自己犯的錯誤負責，并呼吁該由那些更加權威的裁判來(lái)執法比賽。

40 、Be happy to underperform a bull market.───如果在牛市中業(yè)績(jì)弱于大盤(pán)，也要保持好心態(tài)。

41 、In acquiring China Eastern shares at a third of last year's price, Singapore Airlines would gain rare access to China's high-potential, underperforming airline industry.───通過(guò)以相當于去年價(jià)格的三分之一收購東方航空的股票，新加坡航空將難得地進(jìn)入中國潛力巨大但目前表現不佳的航空業(yè)。

42 、Suppose you’ve been asked to consider taking over an underperforming unit that has great potential.───假如你被要求接手一個(gè)表現糟糕但是頗有潛力的團隊。

43 、Credit Suisse upgraded the stock to “outperform” from “underperform” amid optimism the company will restore profits in money-losing businesses.───瑞士信貸將該股“跑贏(yíng)大市”從“低于”因樂(lè )觀(guān)，該公司將恢復盈利，虧損企業(yè)。

44 、This is especially supported by our expectation for oil prices to underperform metals, which is signalled by a looming rebound in the Gold/Oil ratio.───這也支撐了我們的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，即黃金/原油的比率出現反彈，金屬的表現優(yōu)于原油。

45 、On having the crowd underperform when asked to sing back at him) “What, are you guys scared of me?I'm wearing a red sweatshirt hoodie.───當他要求觀(guān)眾和他呼應，但場(chǎng)下沒(méi)回應時(shí))"什么,你們怕我么?我身穿紅色運動(dòng)衫。

46 、Because the index represents the average return of all investors before costs, some managers will beat the index while others will underperform.───由于指數是所有投資人的平均回報（收取費用前），有些管理人能夠超過(guò)指數回報，而有些則不能。

47 、As it was the case in the past couple of months, financial stocks were under selling pressure Monday after Goldman Sachs (GS) downgraded the sector to Underperform.───受高盛(GS)將金融板塊評級調降至“低于大市”影響，同過(guò)去幾個(gè)月一樣，周一金融股繼續遭遇賣(mài)壓。

48 、Already, some construction lawyers have said that owners might face additional risk of lawsuits if buildings are found to underperform.───一些建筑律師曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)，如果發(fā)現建筑物性能不夠好，業(yè)主會(huì )面臨另外訴訟的風(fēng)險。

49 、The upshot is that covered call funds outperform stock market indices when the market is flat or falling, but underperform when shares are shooting upwards.───其結果是，當股市持平或下跌時(shí)，備兌買(mǎi)入基金的表現會(huì )好于股市指數，但當股價(jià)一路上揚時(shí)，其表現則落后于股市。

50 、Investment grade bonds marginally underperform government bonds as spreads widen.───由于息差擴大，投資級債券稍稍跑輸政府債券。

51 、Sir Howard says Sony is open to making deals to bring in new ideas and technologies or to shed underperforming businesses.───他說(shuō)索尼公司愿意達成交易以引入新的見(jiàn)解和技術(shù)，并削減績(jì)效不佳的經(jīng)營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)。

52 、It is no secret that mere emulations will always underperform the original.───眾所周知,純粹模擬的性能總是不如其原型。

53 、Don't worry,I'm not stupid,I'd diversify.They can't all underperform right ? No one's that unlucky.───炒股女：你放心，我不會(huì )傻到只持有你這一只的，那總不能都不堅挺吧，我也太背了。

54 、Her department had been seriously underperforming for years.─── 她的部門(mén)已經(jīng)好幾年表現不佳了

55 、"It's been difficult for me in an England shirt moving around and playing all different positions, but I've also got myself to blame for underperforming.───“對我來(lái)說(shuō)，穿上英格蘭的球衣司職不同的位置確實(shí)很難適應，但是我還是責備自己的狀態(tài)不佳?！?/p>

56 、Consistent with the outcomes from several studies related to long-run stock performance of IPOs, we find that the IPO firms underperform over a three-year holding period.───摘要如同過(guò)去有關(guān)研究IPO股價(jià)長(cháng)期績(jì)效的相關(guān)論文，在初次上市、上柜的公司當中，本研究發(fā)現初次上市、上柜公司三年期之股價(jià)長(cháng)期報酬表現不佳。

57 、Based on a sample of 265 Taiwan SEO firms over the period 1996-2002, we find that SEO issuers underperform common benchmarks for up to three years from the offering date.───根據1996-2002年間辦理現金增資的公司樣本，實(shí)證發(fā)現現金增資公司的三年長(cháng)期績(jì)效顯著(zhù)劣于配對公司組合報酬。

58 、Historically, the typical stock market investor has managed to underperform the market itself, unerringly buying high and selling low.───歷史地看，典型的股市投資者的業(yè)績(jì)遜于市場(chǎng)平均表現，恰恰做到了高買(mǎi)低賣(mài)。

59 、College graduates who teach in underperforming school districts.─── 大學(xué)畢業(yè)生去貧困社區支教

60 、Underperform An analyst recommendation that means a stock is expected to do slightly worse than the market return───表現落后大市研究分析員建議的一種,指一種股票的表現略差于市場(chǎng)回報率

61 、Admit to your boss that you have been underperforming, and ask what you can do to be given more challenges.───向你的老板承認你表現不佳，問(wèn)問(wèn)你能做些什么以得到更多的挑戰。

62 、Before you banish these underperforming idlers to some distant house upon a lonely hill, we recommend redeeming them with a chance to boost your earning potential.───博客營(yíng)銷(xiāo)效果可能沒(méi)有搜索競價(jià)排名，論壇營(yíng)銷(xiāo)等那么快速直接。但堅持下去，博客營(yíng)銷(xiāo)所帶來(lái)的后勁和潛力卻不可小看。

63 、However, the equities of these economies may underperform because of the higher interest rates, exacerbating the energy shock that is already impinging on the economy.───舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，印度儲備銀行選擇了較小的通脹“偏差”，為此不惜承受可能出現的較大產(chǎn)出損失；

64 、Shares of Toyota have risen 39 percent so far this year, underperforming a 47 percent rise on Tokyo's transport sub-index.───豐田的股票價(jià)格今年上漲了39%，遜色于東京運輸類(lèi)指數的47%。。（記者張然金，編輯伊恩紀勤）

65 、SPRD US: Spreadtrum Communication-ADR: Missed product cycle pinches; Underperform - UNDERPERFORM (Daniel Heyler) http://research1.ml.com/C/?q=9cZlZLmbQiXltljEpgrEYA%3D%3D&r=prodap───展訊通信有限公司：錯過(guò)產(chǎn)品周期緊縮，低于市場(chǎng)表現/減持。

66 、So are mutual funds doomed to underperform?───那么，共同基金是不是注定要落后于市場(chǎng)呢？

67 、While alumina consumption is projected to grow faster than the market as a whole, silica and particularly iron oxide are expected to underperform the market and consequently lose market share.───氧化鋁應用的增長(cháng)速度超過(guò)了整個(gè)市場(chǎng)總體增長(cháng)速度，硅和氧化鐵則表現不佳，低于市場(chǎng)增長(cháng)速度，因此會(huì )丟失一部分市場(chǎng)份額。

68 、NEW YORK -- If the Yankees are going to make a push toward their usual destination of postseason play, they'll have to see underperforming areas of their starting lineup come to life.───紐約訊：如果洋基想讓自己更接近一直以來(lái)進(jìn)季后賽的目標，就必須找出先發(fā)打線(xiàn)表現未達水準的部分并且讓他們活過(guò)來(lái)。

69 、CEOs whose shareholder returns fell 25% while significantly underperforming peers over two years had a 5.7% chance of being ousted the following year.───那些所在公司的股東回報率兩年內下降25%、且股票表現遠不及類(lèi)股的CEO們，他們在今后一年內被免職的幾率也只有5.7%。

70 、It is significant that emerging markets, which had been outperforming their developed brethren in recent months, are now starting to underperform.───具有特別意義的是，在最近幾個(gè)月表現強勁的復興股市，現在也開(kāi)始表現的不如發(fā)達國家的股市。

71 、Doing so could, according to researchers from the Harard School of Public Health, make them less prone to asthma, coughing, wheezing and generally “underperforming” lungs.───哈佛大學(xué)公共衛生學(xué)院研究者認為，吃這些食物可以使孩子們更不易患哮喘、咳嗽、喘鳴及普遍存在的肺功能低下。

72 、There are also valuation discrepancies (growth stocks tend to underperform).───有評估差異（成長(cháng)型股票有低于市場(chǎng)回報的傾向）。

73 、You might conclude that without radical reform Japan will continue to underperform.───你或許推斷：沒(méi)有根本改革的日本將繼續表現不佳。

74 、Evaluation of your product, to a certain period of time feedback, get rid of those underperforming products.───評估一下你的產(chǎn)品，并根據客戶(hù)在一定時(shí)期內的反饋意見(jiàn)，去掉那些表現不佳的產(chǎn)品。

75 、The eurozone economy may appear to be recovering faster than those of the US and UK, but its companies are underperforming their British and American rivals.───歐元區經(jīng)濟或許看上去比美英經(jīng)濟復蘇得更快，但歐元區企業(yè)目前的表現卻遜于美英企業(yè)。

76 、In Russia people live in communal flats, go without wages, and parents are frequently drunk, but that is not an excuse to underperform at school.───在俄羅斯，人們住集體公寓，沒(méi)有薪水將就度日，父母還經(jīng)常喝醉，但這都不是成績(jì)不好的借口。

77 、I don't want my students underperforming too badly.─── 不想讓我的學(xué)生成績(jì)差得太多

78 、But Brawn's 29-year-old Button, recently an uncomplaining occupant of underperforming cars, does not believe it is Hamilton's struggling McLaren that is the main source of Hamilton's status shift.───但布朗的29歲的巴頓，最近一個(gè)uncomplaining乘員對表現不佳的汽車(chē)，并不認為這是漢密爾頓的邁凱輪是掙扎的主要來(lái)源，漢密爾頓的狀態(tài)轉變.

79 、Long the chronically underperforming giant of Latin America, Brazil is now on every list of the half-dozen or so new places that matter in the 21st century.───長(cháng)久以來(lái)，巴西一直是表現低迷的拉丁美洲巨人，而今（人們認為）巴西是21世紀具有影響力的五六個(gè)新興國家之一。

80 、In the 1990s, few people were interested in stocks that were likely to underperform or fall.───20世紀90年代，股市行情不佳，或下跌或低迷，人們保持觀(guān)望，情緒不高。

shut the door on sth造句

shut the door on sth造句如下：

1、The company shut the door on the proposed merger with its competitor.

公司結束了與競爭對手的合并計劃。

2、The school shut the door on any further discussion of the controversial policy.

學(xué)校結束了對有爭議政策的進(jìn)一步討論。

3、The government shut the door on negotiations with the opposition party.

政府結束了與反對黨的談判。

4、The team captain shut the door on any negative comments about their performance.

隊長(cháng)不再接受任何對他們表現的負面評論。

5、The board of directors shut the door on the CEO's proposal to cut employee benefits.

董事會(huì )否決了CEO削減員工福利的提議。

6、The landlord decided to shut the door on the tenant's request for a rent reductio.

房東決定拒絕租戶(hù)的請求降低租金。

7、The company had to shut the door on some of its unprofitable business units.

公司被迫關(guān)閉了一些不盈利的業(yè)務(wù)部門(mén)。

8、The committee shut the door on any proposal that would violate the organization's bylaws.

委員會(huì )拒絕了任何違反組織章程的提議。

9、The team leader had to shut the door on some team members who were not meeting the performance standards.

團隊領(lǐng)導不得不對一些未達到績(jì)效標準的團隊成員采取行動(dòng)。

10、The museum decided to shut the door on visitors during the renovation period.

博物館決定在翻新期間關(guān)閉對游客的開(kāi)放。

11、The university administration shut the door on the proposal to increase tuition fees.

大學(xué)管理層否決了提高學(xué)費的提議。

12、The government had to shut the door on its plan to cut social welfare programs due to public outcry.

政府因公眾的強烈反對而不得不放棄削減社會(huì )福利計劃的計劃。

13、The company had no choice but to shut the door on the unprofitable overseas market.

公司別無(wú)選擇，只能放棄不盈利的海外市場(chǎng)。

14、The board of directors shut the door on the CEO's proposal to acquire a risky startup.

董事會(huì )否決了CEO收購一家風(fēng)險投資公司的提議。

15、The coach had to shut the door on the underperforming players and bring in new talent.

教練不得不拋棄表現不佳的球員，引進(jìn)新的人才。

2019年1月5日雅思閱讀考試真題及答案

　1月5日新一期的雅思考試已經(jīng)順利完成，相信大家對真題及其答案非常感興趣，接下來(lái)就和的我一起看看2019年1月5日雅思閱讀考試真題及答案。

Passage 1

　文章題材：說(shuō)明文（自然科普）

　文章題目：Reef Fish Study（關(guān)于巖礁魚(yú)的研究）

　文章難度：

　文章內容：

　介紹了reef fish的三個(gè)生命階段，并且介紹了bigger means better的理論，以及該理論（體型越大越占優(yōu)勢）對于被捕食者和捕食者是否適用。

　題型及數量：判斷題4+填空題9

　題目及答案：

　1. FALSE

　2. TRUE

　3. NOT GIVEN

　4. FALSE

　5. mouth size

　6. medium

　7. artificial light

　8. net

　9. laboratory

　10. new moon

　11. fish body

　12. open ocean

　13. reef

　14. mortality

　可參考真題：C11T**2：Great Migrations

　 Passage 2

　文章題材：說(shuō)明文（商業(yè)科普）

　文章題目：Corporate Social Responsibility（企業(yè)社會(huì )責任）

　文章難度：

　文章內容：

　文章介紹了企業(yè)社會(huì )責任是如何幫助企業(yè)解決面臨的各種問(wèn)題，并且促進(jìn)了企業(yè)和社會(huì )的相互依賴(lài)的關(guān)系。舉例了三個(gè)公司（GE， Microsoft和Whole Food Market）如何在日常運營(yíng)中提現中企業(yè)社會(huì )責任。

　題型及數量：標題配對題7+段落填空題2+匹配題4

　題目及答案：

　14. v

　15. viii

　16. vi

　17. vii

　18. iii

　19. i

　20. ii

　21. equal opportunity

　22. internal costs

　23. C

　24. C

　25. A

　26. B

　可參考真題：C13T2P3：MAKING THE MOST OF TRENDS

　考試原文：（上下滑動(dòng)查看）

　Corporate Social Responsibility

　The moral appeal---arguing that companies have a duty to be good citizens and to “do the right thing”---is prominent in the goal of Business for Social Responsibility， the leading nonprofit CSR business association in the United States.

　A An excellent definition was developed in the 1980s ‘‘Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” The notion of license to operate derives from the fact that every company needs tacit or explicit permission from governments， communities， and numerous other stakeholders to do business. Finally， reputation is used by many companies to justify CSR initiatives on the grounds that they will improve a company’s image， strengthen its brand， enliven morale， and even raise the Value of its stock.

　B To advance CSR， we must root it in a broad understanding of the interrelationship between a corporation and society. To say broadly that business and society need each other might seem like a cliché， but it is also the basic truth that will pull companies out of the muddle that their current corporate-responsibility thinking has created. Successful corporations need a healthy society. Education， health care， and equal opportunity are essential to a productive workforce. Safe products and working conditions not only attract customers but lower the internal costs of accidents. Efficient utilization of land， water， energy， and other natural resources makes business more productive. Good government， the rule of Jaw， and property rights are essential for efficiency and innovation. Any business that pursues its ends at the expense of the society in which it operates will find its success to be illusory and ultimately temporary. At the same time， a health society needs successful companies. No social program can rival the business sector when it comes to creating the jobs， wealth， and innovation that improve standards of living and social conditions over time.

　C A company’s impact on society also changes over time， as social standards evolve and science progresses. Asbestos， now understood as a serious health risk， was thought to be safe in the early 1900s， given the scientific knowledge then available. Evidence of its risks gradually mounted for more than 50 years before any company was held liable for the harms it can cause. Many firms that failed to anticipate the consequences of this evolving body of research have been bankrupt by the results. No longer can companies be content to monitor only the obvious social impacts of today. Without a careful process for identifying evolving social effects of tomorrow， firms may risk their very survival.

　D No business can solve all of society’s problems or bear the cost of doing so. Instead， each company must select issues that intersect with its particular business. Corporations are not responsible for all the world＇s problems， nor do they have the resources to solve them all. Each company can identify the particular set of societal problems that it is best equipped to help resolve and from which it can gain the greatest competitive benefit. Addressing social issues by creating shared value will lead to self-sustaining solutions that do not depend on private or government subsidies. When a well-run business applies its vast resources， expertise， and management talent to problems that it understands and in which it has a stake， it can have a greater impact on social good than any other institution or philanthropic organization.

　E The best corporate citizenship initiatives involve far more than writing a check： they specify clear， measurable goals and track results over time. A good example is GE’s program to adopt underperforming public high schools near several of its major U.S. Facilities. The company contributes between $250， 000 and $1 million over a five-year period to each school and makes in-kind donations as well GE managers and employees take an active role by working with school administrators to assess needs and mentor or tutor students. The graduation rate of these schools almost doubled during this time period. Effective corporate citizenship initiatives such as this one create goodwill and improve relations with local governments and other important constituencies. What’s more， GE’s employees feel great pride in their participation. Their effect is inherently limited though. No matter how beneficial the program is， it remains incidental to the company＇s business， and the direct effect on GE’s recruiting and retention is modest.

　F Microsoft is a good example of a shared-value opportunity arising from investments in context. The shortage of information technology workers is a significant constraint on Microsoft’s growth， currently， there are more than 450，000 unfilled IT positions in the United States alone. Community colleges， representing 45% of all U.S . Undergraduates， could be a major solution. Microsoft recognizes， however， that community colleges face special challenges： IT curricula are not standardized， technology used in classrooms is often outdated， and there are no systematic professional development programs to keep faculty up to date. In addition to contributing money and products， Microsoft sent employee volunteers to colleges to assess needs， contribute to curriculum development， and create faculty development institutes. Note that in this case， volunteers and assigned staff were able to use their core professional skills to address a social need， a far cry from typical volunteer programs. Microsoft has achieved results that have benefited many communities while having a direct-and potentially significant-impact on the company.

　G At the heart of any strategy is a unique value proposition： a set of needs a company can meet for its chosen customers that others cannot. The most strategic CSR occurs when a company adds a social dimension to its value proposition， making social impact integral to the overall strategy Consider Whole Foods Market， whose value proposition is to sell organic， natural， and healthy food products to customers who are passionate about food and the environment. Whole Foods’ commitment to natural and environmentally friendly operating practices extends well beyond sourcing. Stores are constructed using a minimum of virgin raw materials. Recently， the company purchased renewable wind energy credits equal to 100% of its electricity use in all of its stores and facilities， the only Fortune 500 Company to offset its electricity consumption entirely. Spoiled produce and biodegradable waste are trucked to regional centers for composting. Whole Foods’ vehicles are being converted to run on biofuels. Even the cleaning products used in its stores are environmentally friendly. And through its philanthropy， the company has created the Animal Compassion Foundation to develop more natural and humane ways of raising farm animals. In short， nearly every aspect of the company’s value chain reinforces the social dimensions of its value proposition， distinguishing Whole Foods from its competitors.

Passage 3

　文章題材：人文社科

　文章題目：政府對于network的應用和好處

　文章難度：

　文章內容：待補充

　題型及數量：待補充