?disruptive

disruptive發(fā)音

英：[d?s?r?pt?v]　　美：[d?s?r?pt?v]

英：　　美：

disruptive中文意思翻譯

adj.分裂的, 破壞性的, 制造混亂的

disruptive詞形變化

副詞: disruptively |

disruptive常見(jiàn)例句

1 、Footstep wanted to disrupt you much.───多想打亂你的腳步。

2 、And I'm sorry we've been so disruptive.─── 我很抱歉我們給你造成困擾

3 、Will International Rules on Subsidies Disrupt the World Trading System?───關(guān)于補貼的國際規則是否會(huì )打亂世界貿易體系?

4 、Most of the students who struggled did so because of their lack of attention in class and their disruptive behavior.───大部分的學(xué)生都是因為他們課上不能專(zhuān)心聽(tīng)講，還有時(shí)擾亂課堂而失利。

5 、To impede or disrupt in movement or action.───使不能或艱于移動(dòng)或行動(dòng)

6 、If you disrupt routine operations, they try deadlier ones.───如果你阻止了常規性襲擊，他們會(huì )嘗試更為致命的。

7 、Loud talking and disruptive behavior should be avoided.───不要大聲說(shuō)話(huà)或打斷別人。

8 、All their behavioural patterns have been disrupted.─── 所有的行為習慣都被打亂了

9 、She had a disruptive influence on the rest of the class.───她攪擾了班上其他的學(xué)生。

10 、For 10 years or even longer, they engaged in disruptive activities, acting at the outset in collaboration with Lin Biao.───“四人幫”的破壞實(shí)際上是十年，或者說(shuō)是十年以上，開(kāi)始是同林彪結合在一起。

11 、It is a disruption and a distraction.─── 不僅影響了 還分散了我的注意力

12 、He was so embarrassed about the disruption that he had caused.─── 他很不好意思自己闖了這么大的禍

13 、Would they roughhouse and punch and disrupt the class by yelling or fidgeting with their tails in the air?───會(huì )不會(huì )打其他的同學(xué)？會(huì )不會(huì )把它的尾巴甩到空中，打擾同學(xué)們上課？

14 、Short selling is disruptive speculation that requires someone else to lose.───買(mǎi)空賣(mài)空是破壞性很大的投機勾當，總要導致?lián)p人利己的結果。

15 、"If a disorderly adjustment does take place, it will be very costly and disruptive to the world economy," he said this week.───他本周表示:“如果真的發(fā)生無(wú)序調整,這對全球經(jīng)濟來(lái)說(shuō),代價(jià)將會(huì )非常高昂,破壞性也會(huì )非常嚴重。

16 、They should not themselves create restrictive, distorting or disruptive effects on international trade.───原產(chǎn)地規則本身不得對國際貿易產(chǎn)生限制、扭曲或破壞作用。

17 、No views disruptive of the Kuomintang-Communist united front will be tolerated.───任何破裂國共兩黨的統一戰線(xiàn)的主張是不許可的。

18 、It disrupts their equilibrium. It It confuses them.─── 可以破壞它們的平衡感 迷惑它們

19 、Unfortunately, men are hit with more bouts of disruptive snoring than women.───不幸的是，男人比女人更容易打鼾。

20 、To inhibit,block,or disrupt the action of(an enzyme or other biological agent).───使減活化抑制、阻礙或破壞（酶或其它生物劑）的活動(dòng)。

21 、But we should not think there are no potentially disruptive forces. These forces may come from any direction.───但切不要以為沒(méi)有破壞力量。這種破壞力量可能來(lái)自這個(gè)方面，也可能來(lái)自那個(gè)方面。

22 、In some cases ,a virus may contain no intentionally harmful or disruptive instructions at all.───在某些情況下，某種病毒可能一點(diǎn)沒(méi)有包含什么故意有害的或破壞性的指令。

23 、Insurgents still managed to disrupt the calm.───叛亂者仍然設法打亂安靜。

24 、The Taliban are vowing to disrupt Thursday's balloting.───塔利班揚言要擾亂星期四的選舉。

25 、The specialist can also be more vulnerable to disruptive technology and the sudden substitution of one material for another.───產(chǎn)品的“專(zhuān)一化”也會(huì )由于科技的迅猛發(fā)展和替代性材料而顯得“弱不禁風(fēng)”。

26 、Periods of apnea end with a brief partial arousal that may disrupt sleep up to hundreds of times a night.───呼吸暫停周期以短暫局部覺(jué)醒結束，每晚可能干擾睡眠達數百次。

27 、Today, at school, I, Ryan, Andrew and Alyson were doing spelling and we were loud, disruptive and rude.───今天，在學(xué)校，我和嵐，安德魯，愛(ài)麗森作拼字練習，我們很吵鬧，影響他人，沒(méi)有禮貌。

28 、The Kashgar officials said ETIM had planned a series of attacks to disrupt or distract from the Olympics.───喀什官方說(shuō)計劃在奧運會(huì )期間發(fā)起一系列襲擊以轉移人們對奧運會(huì )的關(guān)注。

29 、But Rolex thrived in the face of disruptive technologies.───但勞力士在面臨破壞性技術(shù)的蓬勃發(fā)展.

30 、Torre's disruptive platoons at first and in the outfield have more or less ended since Jason Giambi left.───但自從技安不在陣中后，托瑞爺爺手上那一壘和外野的空缺多多少少也可以補上一些了。

31 、I'm sorry for the disruption. It won't happen again.─── 我為剛剛的混亂道歉 不會(huì )再這樣了

32 、Alkadiri, the PFC Energy analyst, says the Bodman-led U.S. delegation had played "an almost disruptive role.───哈利勒還表示，他認為當前沒(méi)有理由向市場(chǎng)增加石油供應。

33 、Sleeping late on weekends can also disrupt your circadian rhythm.───周末遲睡也會(huì )打亂人體的日夜周期。

34 、Having to stand in line was a nuisance. The disruptive child was a nuisance to the class.───不得不排隊真討厭。這個(gè)搗蛋的學(xué)生令全班人討厭

35 、But the attempt to smear Mr Serra threatens to disrupt his second term before it begins.───但在這開(kāi)始之前，抹黑塞拉的企圖可能影響到他的連任。

36 、Panic disorder does not need to disrupt your life in any way!───不要讓恐慌癥以任何方式來(lái)打亂你的生活!

37 、Most of us will not want to disrupt our children's education by uprooting to another country.───大多數人不會(huì )為了實(shí)現移居他國的理想，而中斷孩子的學(xué)業(yè)。

38 、But standing in its way is a handful of former allies who are unwilling to support another disruptive battle in the Middle East.───但是在中間阻礙它的卻是一些以前的盟國，他們不愿意在中東再一次爆發(fā)引起混亂的戰爭。

39 、And on top of that, you've disrupted your routine.─── 最重要的是 你攪亂了自己的日常生活

40 、Joe Cole has suffered a knee-ligament injury that could disrupt Chelsea's entire season.───喬科爾在比賽中的膝蓋韌帶受傷可能要面臨無(wú)法為藍軍戰斗一個(gè)完整的賽季。

41 、At McLaren, the departure of Juan Pablo Montoya did not outwardly appear too disruptive as Pedro de la Rosa got back into the swing of racing.───在邁凱輪車(chē)隊，胡安-帕布魯-蒙托亞的離開(kāi)從表面上看并沒(méi)有讓車(chē)隊變得四分五裂，因為佩德羅-德-拉-羅薩回到了參賽的隊伍中來(lái)。

42 、Offsite training is more disruptive to the employees day-to-day routine.───但在公司外培訓會(huì )擾亂或影響雇員的日常生活。

43 、They would like to disrupt us, damage morale and hurt us with the Americans.───他們想擾亂我們的布署，挫傷我們的士氣，損害我們與美國人的關(guān)系。

44 、However, there are already enemy agents playing a disruptive role within our national united front, namely, the traitors, Trotskyites and pro-Japanese elements.───但是我們的民族統一戰線(xiàn)中已經(jīng)存在著(zhù)起破壞作用的奸細分子，這就是那些漢奸、托派、親日派分子。

45 、An incremental approach, officials say, is needed because an immediate FTA would be too disruptive to Taiwan's economy.───一位官員表示自由貿易協(xié)定的簽署要一步步來(lái)，不能操之過(guò)急，否則會(huì )過(guò)度擾亂臺灣的經(jīng)濟。

46 、Anti-war demonstrators disrupt the meeting and 50 people are arrested.───反戰示威者中斷了此次會(huì )議并有50人被捕。

47 、The Taliban had vowed to disrupt the election and retaliate against voters.───塔利班曾揚言要擾亂選舉，并報復參加投票的選民。

48 、The Islamic Jihad militant group says it fired rockets at the area to disrupt the Israeli election.───伊斯蘭圣戰者激進(jìn)組織聲稱(chēng)，朝那個(gè)地區發(fā)射火箭是為了擾亂以色列的選舉。

49 、The quarrels of the different political parties seemed likely to disrupt the state.───各政黨的爭執可能導致國家分裂。

50 、disrupters, we have to hit them at once.─── If we're gonna destroy these guys using

51 、He said he did not want to do it, because he did not want disrupt the team chemistry.───他說(shuō)他不想做新的交易，因為他不想破壞現在球隊已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生的化學(xué)反應。

52 、The wet field did not disrupt the Americans' crip (crisp) passing while the North Koreans displayed energy and speed.───場(chǎng)地的潮濕并沒(méi)有影響美國球員們干脆漂亮的傳球和韓國球員過(guò)人的精力的速度。

53 、The teachers are prepared to down chalk unless the disruptive pupils are removed from their classes.───如果不把那些搗亂的學(xué)生從班上開(kāi)除出去,教師們就準備罷教。

54 、A stroke can disrupt the supply of oxygen to the brain.───中風(fēng)可導致大腦供氧中斷。

55 、It may disrupt almost any part of the body: skin, joints, kidneys, heart, lungs, blood vessels or brain.───光是在美國，就約有140萬(wàn)人為狼瘡所苦，尤其是18~65歲間的非裔婦女，每250人中就有一人受此病所苦。

56 、But PLMs can be very disruptive if they are accompanied by arousals from sleep.───不過(guò)，如果伴隨有突然的覺(jué)醒，那么周期性肢體運動(dòng)障礙造成的干擾會(huì )大得多。

57 、But in time periods measured in a few decades or even centuries,such changes may prove highly disruptive to many forms of life,including human beings.───但是用幾十年甚至幾個(gè)世紀的時(shí)間進(jìn)行衡量，這種化學(xué)成分變化對于許多形式的生命，包括人類(lèi)，都可以證明是非常有破壞性的。

58 、Research in animals has shown that alcohol can disrupt the development of new brain cells in adults.───在動(dòng)物身上進(jìn)行的試驗表明，酒精會(huì )損害成年動(dòng)物腦細胞的發(fā)育。

59 、As a disruptive technique, it has drawn extensive attention due to its broad application prospects.───作為一種突破性的技術(shù)，由于其巨大的應用前景而廣受關(guān)注。

60 、The students who attend have committed a range of infractions, from continued disruptive behavior to drug use.───參加該項目的學(xué)生有著(zhù)包括從不斷擾亂課堂秩序到吸毒的各種違紀行為。

61 、The saints addressed an elder's W disruptive behavior on the January 20 home meeting.───圣徒們提出W長(cháng)老與一月20號打斷家聚會(huì )的行為。

62 、Can you imagine Sir Alex Ferguson attempting a disruptive prank like this?───你能想象弗爵爺以這種打斷采訪(fǎng)的形式來(lái)和球員開(kāi)玩笑么？

63 、To inhibit, block, or disrupt the action of(an enzyme or other biological agent).───使減活化抑制、阻礙或破壞（酶或其它生物劑）的活動(dòng)

64 、"No problem found" calls are reduced, and disruptive emergency calls become scheduled service.───減少"未發(fā)現問(wèn)題"的拜訪(fǎng)數量,對影響業(yè)務(wù)的緊急拜訪(fǎng)制定服務(wù)計劃,并按計劃提供服務(wù)。

65 、Senna says he is not out to maim, just disrupt a game.───塞納說(shuō)他并非為了使人受傷而犯規，她只是想中斷比賽。

66 、A statement on the ministry's Web site said the pranks had been disruptive to the officials' work, urging that they stop.───中國科學(xué)技術(shù)部在網(wǎng)站發(fā)表一項聲明，表示這些留言干擾官員工作，呼吁他們停止繼續惡作劇。

67 、Peasants and rural governments are reluctant to come clean about anything that might disrupt local economies.───農民和農村政府不愿將任何有礙地方經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的實(shí)情和盤(pán)托出。

68 、Absences at school began to drop, and the children's disruptive behaviors softened.───上課缺勤率開(kāi)始下降，孩子們的搗亂行為有所緩和。

69 、Obama vowed to disrupt, dismantle and defeat Al-Qaeda there.───奧巴馬決心在那里分化、擊潰并最終消滅基地組織。

70 、Crisis of Breath. You disrupt the subject's breathing.───呼吸危機:中斷受術(shù)者的呼吸。

71 、Disruptive behaviour in the forums or torrents comments will result in a warning ( ).───在論壇或種子資源評論區有不文明行為者將被予于警告處分!

72 、He says that the Iraqi Armed Forces will act decisively against anyone trying to disrupt order in Anbar province.───他說(shuō)，伊拉克武裝部隊將對任何試圖干擾安巴爾省秩序的人采取果斷措施。

73 、Even the earliest power cuts, it was realized, would be disruptive , and damaging to the state's economy.───人們意識到，即使是最初階段的電力縮減，也是有破壞性的，將損害本州的經(jīng)濟。

74 、"But we have a lot of small, very disruptive day-in-and-day-out problems on the factory floor," one industrialist said.───一位實(shí)業(yè)家說(shuō)：“在工廠(chǎng)辦公樓里，我們面對著(zhù)許多細小但破壞性卻很大的問(wèn)題，它們日復一日，無(wú)休無(wú)止地發(fā)生。

75 、There's some of that disruption you're famous for.─── 你的破壞能力真的名不虛傳

76 、A couple of armoured cars speeding out from your defensive line can be used to sucker units into you AT Screen or disrupt the attack.───幾輛在你防線(xiàn)內展開(kāi)的裝甲車(chē)可以用來(lái)吸引敵軍進(jìn)入你的反坦克視線(xiàn)內或者混亂敵方攻擊。

77 、He has a disruptive influence on the other children.───他能影響別的孩子使他們失控。

78 、But we should not think there are no potentially disruptive forces.───但切不要以為沒(méi)有破壞力量。

79 、Is there? It's the disruption they cause.─── 是這樣吧 我怕的是他們會(huì )造成的破壞

80 、A few disruptive students can easily ruin a class.───只要有幾個(gè)愛(ài)搗亂的學(xué)生,就能把全班攪亂。

81 、To impedeor disrupt in movement or action.───使不能或艱于移動(dòng)或行動(dòng)。

82 、To inhibit,block,or disrupt the action of(an enzyme or other biological agent.───使減活化抑制、阻礙或破壞(酶或其它生物劑)的活動(dòng)

83 、If a student is disruptive during class, I assign him/ her to detention, without further discussion.───如學(xué)生于上課中擾亂，我就逕行留置，沒(méi)有商量的馀地。

84 、ALTER ASSEMBLY does not disrupt currently running sessions that are running code in the assembly being modified.───ALTER ASSEMBLY不中斷當前正在運行的會(huì )話(huà),這些會(huì )話(huà)正在運行所修改的程序集中的代碼。

85 、But damming rivers may destroy or disrupt wildlife and other natural resources.───但是，在河流上筑壩可能會(huì )破壞或擾亂野生動(dòng)物生活和其它自然資源。

86 、China may yet undergo internal upheavals that could disrupt its economy.───中國可能還不會(huì )醞釀導致經(jīng)濟崩潰的內部劇變。

87 、Temperatures and densities never climb high enough to ignite disruptive thermonuclear burning.───其溫度及密度永遠無(wú)法攀升到足以點(diǎn)燃具破壞性的熱核燃燒。

88 、Other illegal operations that seriously disrupt market order.───其他嚴重擾亂市場(chǎng)秩序的非法經(jīng)營(yíng)行為。

89 、But their innovations fell victim to disruptive technologies.───但他們的創(chuàng )新卻成了顛覆性技術(shù)的犧牲品。

90 、He was expelled from school for disruptive behaviour.───他因破壞行為被學(xué)校開(kāi)除了。

破壞性創(chuàng )新~Disruptive innovation

創(chuàng )新的革命力量：顛覆性創(chuàng )新

在創(chuàng )新的舞臺上，有一種力量能夠徹底改變市場(chǎng)格局，這就是哈佛商學(xué)院教授克萊頓·克里斯坦森（Clayton Christensen）在1997年《創(chuàng )新的兩難》（Innovator's Dilemma）中的杰作——破壞性創(chuàng )新。這種顛覆性的理念，曾被譯為“顛覆式創(chuàng )新”，它并非簡(jiǎn)單地追求高品質(zhì)與高價(jià)，而是通過(guò)科技的革新，創(chuàng )造出針對特定消費群體的、極具顛覆性的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)。

破壞性創(chuàng )新的核心在于，它以低價(jià)甚至低品質(zhì)的方式，挑戰了市場(chǎng)原有的預期。它并非瞄準主流市場(chǎng)，而是瞄準尚未被充分滿(mǎn)足的邊緣需求，以此開(kāi)辟全新的消費領(lǐng)域。這種創(chuàng )新方式不僅能拓展新的市場(chǎng)疆界，還能激發(fā)消費者對新功能和體驗的期待，從而重塑行業(yè)標準。

然而，這種創(chuàng )新并非總是一帆風(fēng)順。在推動(dòng)發(fā)展的同時(shí)，它也可能瓦解現有市場(chǎng)的穩定，引發(fā)一場(chǎng)關(guān)于傳統與變革的激烈辯論。管理實(shí)踐者和學(xué)術(shù)界對此深入剖析，探討其在商業(yè)策略中的作用與影響，以期在變革的洪流中找到平衡點(diǎn)。

深入理解與應用

在當今競爭激烈的商業(yè)環(huán)境中，理解并靈活運用破壞性創(chuàng )新的理念至關(guān)重要。它要求企業(yè)勇于探索新的可能性，敢于挑戰現狀，以滿(mǎn)足那些被忽視的消費者需求。同時(shí)，這也意味著(zhù)需要對潛在風(fēng)險有清晰的認識，以便及時(shí)調整策略，把握市場(chǎng)變化的方向。

總之，破壞性創(chuàng )新是推動(dòng)行業(yè)進(jìn)步的引擎，它帶來(lái)的沖擊與變革，促使我們重新審視創(chuàng )新的本質(zhì)和價(jià)值。在不斷迭代的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境中，那些能夠適應并引領(lǐng)這種創(chuàng )新力量的企業(yè)，往往能在激烈的競爭中脫穎而出，贏(yíng)得未來(lái)。

譯文及思考：清潔能源背后的骯臟秘密 經(jīng)濟學(xué)人3.4刊社論

被新的一期The Economist的社論的標題吸引，遂翻了這篇文章，謹供參考，歡迎交流觀(guān)點(diǎn)，同時(shí)指正不足之處。

ALMOST 150 years after photovoltaic cells and wind turbines were invented, they still generate only 7% of the world’s electricity.

在太陽(yáng)能光伏發(fā)電和風(fēng)力渦輪發(fā)電技術(shù)問(wèn)世將近150年后，它們依然只產(chǎn)生全球7%的電力。

Yet something remarkable is happening. From being peripheral to the energy system just over a decade ago, they are now growing faster than any other energy source and their falling costs are making them competitive with fossil fuels.

可有些令人矚目的事情卻在發(fā)生。十年前還是能源系統里微不足道的一部分，而現在它們比其他任何能源都發(fā)展的要快，不停降低的成本使得它們能夠同化石燃料旗鼓相當。

BP, an oil firm, expects renewables to account for half of the growth in global energy supply over the next 20 years. It is no longer far-fetched to think that the world is entering an era of clean, unlimited and cheap power. About time, too.

BP，一家石油公司，作出預期認為可再生能源將在接下來(lái)的20年內占到全球供能數量增長(cháng)的一半。認為世界即將進(jìn)入一個(gè)干凈，無(wú)限且廉價(jià)能源的時(shí)代不再是不著(zhù)邊際的想法。同時(shí)，也該是時(shí)候了。

There is a $20trn hitch, though. To get from here to there requires huge amounts of investment over the next few decades, to replace old smog-belching power plants and to upgrade the pylons and wires that bring electricity to consumers.

然而，這還存在著(zhù)一道200億美刀的鴻溝。從現在的境地到理想的狀態(tài)需要接下來(lái)的幾十年中投入巨額的資金，來(lái)取代那些噴云吐霧的發(fā)電廠(chǎng)，同時(shí)將給消費者輸送電力的電纜塔和電線(xiàn)進(jìn)行更新?lián)Q代。

Normally investors like putting their money into electricity because it offers reliable returns. Yet green energy has a dirty secret. The more it is deployed, the more it lowers the price of power from any source.

通常情況下投資者喜歡將他們的資金投入到電力產(chǎn)業(yè)中因為這會(huì )提供可靠的收益。 然而，綠色能源卻有一個(gè)骯臟的秘密——它投入使用的越廣泛，來(lái)自其他資源產(chǎn)生的能源的價(jià)格就將降得越低。

That makes it hard to manage the transition to a carbon-free future, during which many generating technologies, clean and dirty, need to remain profitable if the lights are to stay on. Unless the market is fixed, subsidies to the industry will only grow.

這使得向沒(méi)有碳排放的未來(lái)的轉型變得困難了，因為在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，許多供能的廠(chǎng)家，無(wú)論清潔與否，都需要保持盈利，如果燈還需要亮著(zhù)的話(huà)。除非市場(chǎng)的問(wèn)題解決了，給能源產(chǎn)業(yè)的補貼將只會(huì )繼續增長(cháng)。

Policymakers are already seeing this inconvenient truth as a reason to put the brakes on renewable energy. In parts of Europe and China, investment in renewables is slowing as subsidies are cut back. However, the solution is not less wind and solar. It is to rethink how the world prices clean energy in order to make better use of it.

政策的制定者已經(jīng)看到了這個(gè)尷尬的事實(shí)，同樣也將其作為緣由放緩了可再生能源的進(jìn)一步投放。在歐洲和中國的部分地區，對可再生能源的投資正在放緩，而這正是因為補貼被降低了。然而，解決方法不是減少風(fēng)或者太陽(yáng)能，還是去重新思考世界應當如何去給清潔能源定價(jià)，進(jìn)而更好的發(fā)揮它的作用。

At its heart, the problem is that government-supported renewable energy has been imposed on a market designed in a different era.

問(wèn)題的中心在于政府所支持的可再生能源，被投放在了一個(gè)與之時(shí)代上不相同步的市場(chǎng)里。

For much of the 20th century, electricity was made and moved by vertically integrated, state-controlled monopolies.

20世紀的大多數時(shí)間，電力產(chǎn)業(yè)都被垂直一體化的國有壟斷企業(yè)所生產(chǎn)，運輸。

From the 1980s onwards, many of these were broken up, privatised and liberalised, so that market forces could determine where best to invest.

從1980s開(kāi)始，許多這些壟斷企業(yè)都被分解，私有化或解體了，進(jìn)而市場(chǎng)力量可以決定哪兒是最好的投資方向。

Today only about 6% of electricity users get their power from monopolies. Yet everywhere the pressure to decarbonise power supply has brought the state creeping back into markets.

今天只有6%的用戶(hù)從壟斷企業(yè)獲取電力，然而無(wú)處不在的對無(wú)碳排放能源的需求使得國家不得不走回原先市場(chǎng)化的道路。

**This is disruptive for three reasons. **

而這件事情將是極具破壞性的，有三個(gè)原因。

The first is the subsidy system itself. The other two are inherent to the nature of wind and solar: their intermittency and their very low running costs.

首先是補貼體系自身，另外二者則關(guān)于風(fēng)力和太陽(yáng)能的本質(zhì)：它們的間歇性以及極低的運作成本。

All three help explain why power prices are low and public subsidies are addictive.

如上三點(diǎn)解釋了為什么能源價(jià)格非常低然而公眾補貼卻仍然是不可或缺的。

First, the splurge of public subsidy, of about $800bn since 2008, has distorted the market. It came about for noble reasons—to counter climate change and prime the pump for new, costly technologies, including wind turbines and solar panels.

第一，公眾補貼的隨意揮霍，自08年起的約8億美刀，已經(jīng)擾亂了市場(chǎng)。它投放時(shí)打著(zhù)高尚的旗號——為了抵制氣候變化并且要采取措施促使新興且昂貴的科技，包括風(fēng)力渦輪和太陽(yáng)能光伏技術(shù)的發(fā)展。

But subsidies hit just as electricity consumption in the rich world was stagnating because of growing energy efficiency and the financial crisis. The result was a glut of power-generating capacity that has slashed the revenues utilities earn from wholesale power markets and hence deterred investment.

但是補貼入市的時(shí)機恰好是發(fā)達世界中電力消費因逐漸提高的能源效率以及經(jīng)濟危機而遭遇滯漲的時(shí)刻。

Second, green power is intermittent. The vagaries of wind and sun—especially in countries without favourable weather—mean that turbines and solar panels generate electricity only part of the time. To keep power flowing, the system relies on conventional power plants, such as coal, gas or nuclear, to kick in when renewables falter. But because they are idle for long periods, they find it harder to attract private investors. So, to keep the lights on, they require public funds.

第二，綠色能源是間歇性的。風(fēng)和太陽(yáng)的不可預測性——尤其是在沒(méi)有有力天氣情況的國家——意味著(zhù)渦輪和光伏電板僅僅只能部分時(shí)間產(chǎn)生電力。為了保證能源的供應，這個(gè)系統還需要依賴(lài)傳統的發(fā)電方式，比如煤，天然氣或者是核能，在可再生能源無(wú)法工作的時(shí)候接手。但是正因為可再生能源的長(cháng)期擱置，它們很難能夠吸引到私人投資者。所以，為了能夠持續供電，它們需要公共的資金支持。

Everyone is affected by a third factor: renewable energy has negligible or zero marginal running costs—because the wind and the sun are free. In a market that prefers energy produced at the lowest short-term cost, wind and solar take business from providers that are more expensive to run, such as coal plants, depressing power prices, and hence revenues for all.

每個(gè)人都被第三個(gè)因素所影響：可再生能源有著(zhù)微乎其微甚至可以不計的邊際運作成本——因為風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能是免費的。在一個(gè)傾向于短期能源生產(chǎn)成本最低的市場(chǎng)中，風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能從供應商手中接手過(guò)來(lái)運營(yíng)成本更高的供電方式比如火力發(fā)電廠(chǎng)，進(jìn)而壓低供能價(jià)格，造福整個(gè)市場(chǎng)。

注釋?zhuān)何覀€(gè)人對該段的理解是，從短期上來(lái)說(shuō)，新能源收益是非常低的，進(jìn)而沒(méi)有投資者愿意投資建廠(chǎng)來(lái)提供新能源，這是供不足；而現在越來(lái)越多的人有保護環(huán)境的意識，進(jìn)而有對綠色清潔能源的需求，導致需求大，供需之間有缺口，政府卻通過(guò)給傳統能源提供補助的方式來(lái)促使人們使用傳統能源而非清潔能源，進(jìn)而有了“清潔能源從供應商手中接過(guò)運營(yíng)成本更高。。。進(jìn)而造福整個(gè)市場(chǎng)”（因為它間接性的拉低了其他能源的供應價(jià)格）

The higher the penetration of renewables, the worse these problems get—especially in saturated markets. In Europe, which was first to feel the effects, utilities have suffered a “l(fā)ost decade” of falling returns, stranded assets and corporate disruption.

可再生能源滲透的越深，這些問(wèn)題就會(huì )變得越嚴重——尤其是在飽和的市場(chǎng)中。歐洲已經(jīng)首先感受到了這些影響，公用事業(yè)已經(jīng)遭受了一個(gè)“失落的十年”——收益下降，資產(chǎn)滯脹以及企業(yè)破產(chǎn)。

Last year, Germany’s two biggest electricity providers, E.ON and RWE, both split in two. In renewable-rich parts of America power providers struggle to find investors for new plants. Places with an abundance of wind, such as China, are curtailing wind farms to keep coal plants in business.

去年，德國兩家最大的電力公司，E.ON和RWE，都分裂成了兩家。在可再生能源盛行的地區，美國的能源供應商努力尋找投資商開(kāi)設新的電廠(chǎng)。有充足風(fēng)力的地區，比如中國，都已經(jīng)雪藏了風(fēng)力發(fā)電廠(chǎng)，以保持火力發(fā)電廠(chǎng)的運營(yíng)。

The corollary is that the electricity system is being re-regulated as investment goes chiefly to areas that benefit from public support.

必然的結果就是電力系統正在被重新設立規則，伴隨著(zhù)投資大部分流向能夠從公共補貼中收益的區域。

Paradoxically, that means the more states support renewables, the more they pay for conventional power plants, too, using “capacity payments” to alleviate intermittency. In effect, politicians rather than markets are once again deciding how to avoid blackouts.

矛盾的是，這也意味著(zhù)支持可再生能源的國家越多，他們支付給傳統發(fā)電廠(chǎng)的也越多，因為他們用“支付能力”來(lái)緩解可再生能源的間歇性問(wèn)題。實(shí)際上，是政客而非市場(chǎng)在又一次在選擇如何規避停電的發(fā)生。

They often make mistakes: Germany’s support for cheap, dirty lignite caused emissions to rise, notwithstanding huge subsidies for renewables.

他們卻又總是犯錯誤：德國支持廉價(jià)的能源，引擎點(diǎn)火導致的污染排放卻增加了，盡管為可再生能源發(fā)放了巨額的補貼。

Without a new approach the renewables revolution will stall.

The good news is that new technology can help fix the problem.

沒(méi)有新辦法的話(huà)，可再生能源的改革將要停滯了。而好消息是新的科技將幫助解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

Digitalisation, smart meters and batteries are enabling companies and households to smooth out their demand—by doing some energy-intensive work at night, for example.

數字化，智能電表以及電池都在幫助企業(yè)和家庭緩和他們的需求——通過(guò)例如將能源密集型的工作放在夜晚。

This helps to cope with intermittent supply. Small, modular power plants, which are easy to flex up or down, are becoming more popular, as are high-voltage grids that can move excess power around the network more efficiently.

這有效解決了間歇性供應的問(wèn)題。同時(shí)易于上下彎曲的小型模塊化發(fā)電廠(chǎng)正在變得十分流行，能夠使得更多額外能源更有效的在電路網(wǎng)絡(luò )中運行的高壓系統網(wǎng)絡(luò )亦然。

The bigger task is to redesign power markets to reflect the new need for flexible supply and demand. They should adjust prices more frequently, to reflect the fluctuations of the weather.

更大的任務(wù)是重新設計能源供給市場(chǎng)，以反應對靈活的供需關(guān)系的需要。他們應當更為頻繁的調整價(jià)格，以反應天氣的變化。

At times of extreme scarcity, a high fixed price could kick in to prevent blackouts. Markets should reward those willing to use less electricity to balance the grid, just as they reward those who generate more of it.

在極度稀缺的年代，一個(gè)高昂的固定價(jià)格能夠很好的起到防止市場(chǎng)崩潰的作用。市場(chǎng)應當獎勵那些愿意用更少的電的人，來(lái)調控市場(chǎng)，正如它們獎勵那些生產(chǎn)的更多的人。

Bills could be structured to be higher or lower depending how strongly a customer wanted guaranteed power all the time—a bit like an insurance policy. In short, policymakers should be clear they have a problem and that the cause is not renewable energy, but the out-of-date system of electricity pricing. Then they should fix it.

賬單價(jià)格的高低可以根據客戶(hù)有多想要無(wú)時(shí)無(wú)刻供應的穩定的能源來(lái)制定，有一點(diǎn)像保險的售賣(mài)政策?？偠灾?，政策的制定者應當明確他們目前面臨著(zhù)一個(gè)問(wèn)題并且這問(wèn)題的原因不是可再生能源，而是早已過(guò)時(shí)的電力價(jià)格機制。他們應該修復這問(wèn)題。

寫(xiě)在文末的一些感想：這篇文章提出的一些問(wèn)題確實(shí)值得我們思考，比如中國將風(fēng)力發(fā)電棄之不用，目的是為了火力發(fā)電廠(chǎng)的持續運作。這的確是我們國家，甚至是全球都需要面對的問(wèn)題，在轉型期間，原有的能源結構如何平穩的過(guò)渡，how to get to there from here，在考慮可持續發(fā)展的長(cháng)遠目標的同時(shí)，又要如何控制住當下的成本，維持經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，的確是很棘手的問(wèn)題。我們不可能違背客觀(guān)規律，那么可能正如文中所提出的，要么從價(jià)格機制上予以調控，要么，就寄希望于科技，改變我們的未來(lái)吧。