licorice是什么意思,licorice中文翻譯,licorice發(fā)音、用法及例句
?licorice
licorice發(fā)音
英:[?l?k?r?s] 美:[?l?k?r?s, -??]
英: 美:
licorice中文意思翻譯
n. 歐亞甘草;甘草精
licorice常見(jiàn)例句
1 、Simultaneous extraction and separation of liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid, and glabridin from licorice were developed by liquidliquid extraction with liquid chromatography separation.───同時(shí)從甘草根液中提取分離苷,甘草酸,以及甘草黃酮的方法已經(jīng)發(fā)展為萃取色譜分離法的液-液萃取術(shù)。
2 、INGREDIENTS:Snow Lotus Cohobation, Red MyrrhAlcohol, Natural Moistening Gene, HA, Licorice Essence, Camomile, Etc.─── 雪蓮純露、紅沒(méi)藥醇、天然保濕因子、透明質(zhì)酸、尿囊素、甘草精華、洋甘菊等。
3 、Raw fruit flavors of currant and blackberry with notes of pepper, licorice, leather and fresh herbs on the aromatic nose.───加侖子、黑莓等天然的水果口味與胡椒、甘草、皮革與新鮮的藥草芬芳交織融合。
4 、There are much wild licorice root, dogbane, herba cistanches, matrimony vine and fenugreek, etc.───市域有豐富的野生甘草、羅布麻、大蕓、枸杞、苦豆子等資源;
5 、Mouthfeel is fruity Gan Chun, contain fragrant fruit sweet, still give the sweet smell of Taffy of cinnamonic, butter and licorice fully.───口感圓潤甘醇,帶有馥郁的果香,還透出肉桂、奶油太妃糖和甘草的香味。
6 、Try some of my wife's catfish mousse and licorice,i want to see how much pain and risk you are able to tolerate.───嘗嘗我妻子做的鯰魚(yú)奶油甜點(diǎn)和甘草砂鍋,我想看看你能夠忍受多大的痛苦和風(fēng)險。
7 、Garlic with Licorice contains allicin that protects against harmful diseases and enhances immunity.The garlic is blended with licorice to further strengthen the body's immune system.───健爾力香蒜甘草片內含蒜素,有助抵抗細菌,增強抵抗力,配合甘草精華,加強身體防御機制。
8 、The PDR for Herbal Medicines states that licorice is contraindicated (use is inadvisable) in people with chronic hepatitis, cholestatic liver disease, and cirrhosis.───國際醫生手則(PDR)在草藥部分規定,禁忌對患有慢性肝炎、膽汁淤積性肝病和肝硬化的人使用甘草。
9 、Make law use: Grind steatitic, licorice first end, take 10 grams every time, with cloth bag hind puts arenaceous bowl, decoct juice castration is wrapped, join rice to boil congee.───制法用法:先將滑石、甘草研末,每次取10克,用布包后放入砂鍋,煎汁去藥包,加入粳米煮粥。
10 、Good fruit with berry and licorice character. Medium to light bodied, with fine tannins and slightly leanfinish.───富含漿果和干草特點(diǎn),中等偏淡的酒體,單寧柔順,回味略淡。
11 、compound mixture of opium and licorice───[醫] 復方[鴉片]甘草合劑, 棕色合劑
12 、She was a 10yearold child, loved licorice, wrote about it incessantly.─── 她是個(gè)十歲的小姑娘 挺喜歡甘草的 不厭其煩地寫(xiě)
13 、Primarily a blend of Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, and Shiraz, dense ruby/purple color along with a big,projected nose of underbrush, black currants, smoke, and licorice.───主要是赤霞珠,品麗珠和西拉的混合,深色瑪瑙紅。
14 、You can find it in oral supplements or topical lotions (unfortunately, licorice candy won't work).───在目前的口服輔助,或外用洗液中就有這種物質(zhì)(不幸的是,甘草精糖果不起作用)。
15 、Medium-bodied dry red wine in dark ruby color.Aromas of cassis, licorice, vanilla and dried herbs.───中度酒體干紅葡萄酒,深寶石紅色澤,富有黑醋栗、甘草、香草和干香草氣味。
16 、If you start itching, try licorice.───如果你開(kāi)始感到癢,試一試甘草精。
17 、Ermao fur, black melon seeds, jujube, seaweed, licorice, and other products of good quality, long enjoyed a good reputation, there are broad prospects for development.───二毛裘皮、黑瓜子、大棗、發(fā)菜、甘草等土特產(chǎn)品質(zhì)優(yōu)良,久負盛名,具有廣闊的開(kāi)發(fā)前景。
18 、She tasted like licorice sweet but with a bite.─── 她嘗起來(lái)像甘草糖 很甜但有嚼勁
19 、I heard he tried to strangle her with some licorice rope.─── 我聽(tīng)說(shuō)他想用甘草糖繩勒死她
20 、But now the Lop Nur is not entirely a barren land, where there is HU Yang, Apocynum, licorice growth, wild camel, red deer, wild boar and other animals.───不過(guò)現在的羅布泊也并非完全是一片不毛之地,這里有胡楊、羅布麻、甘草生長(cháng),還有野駱駝、馬鹿、野豬等動(dòng)物。
21 、Bouquet: Complex nose of ripe cherry, blackberry, and exotic notes of licorice and cedar.───味道:成熟的櫻桃、黑莓的復雜香氣及奇異的甘草和雪松的味道。
22 、Good fruit with berry and licorice character. Medium-to light-bodied, with fine tannins and a slightly lean finish.───商品描述:富含漿果和甘草特點(diǎn),中等偏淡的酒體,單寧柔順,回味略淡。
23 、Last time we had a cake in the shape of his head with a licorice rebar through it.─── 上次我們訂的蛋糕 做了一個(gè)他鋼筋穿頭的模樣
24 、Blackberry, licorice and tar follow through to a full-bodied palate, with firm, silky tannins and a medium berry and vanilla aftertaste.───入口后有黑莓,甘草和焦油的口味,堅定柔滑的單寧,余韻有漿果和香草味。
25 、In fact, if one kg mutton Add to 10 grams and the amount mirrin licorice, ginger cooking together, to be its Shan gas and mutton can maintain its flavor.───其實(shí),一公斤羊肉若能放入10克甘草和適量料酒、生姜一起烹調,即能夠去其膻氣而又可保持其羊肉風(fēng)味。
26 、Come on, this licorice is huge. It'll last forever.─── 這甘草糖好長(cháng)啊 能繞地球好幾圈了
27 、Its ingredients include Xanthium fruit, magnolia flower, wild chrysanthemum and Chinese licorice root.───其成份包括蒼耳子、木蘭花、野菊花和甘草。
28 、Cold popular period may take the nepeta japonica, windproof, Cusae, the fresh licorice and so on traditional Chinese medicine which matches, reduces the morbidity opportunity.───感冒流行期間可服用荊芥、防風(fēng)、板藍根、生甘草等配成的中藥,以減少發(fā)病機會(huì )。
29 、Most of this will fade with time, but cool liquids, pain pills and gluey herbs and foods like licorice or flaxseeds may bring relief.───大多數情況下,這些癥狀會(huì )隨著(zhù)時(shí)間慢慢的消失,但是冰的液體,止痛片和膠質(zhì)的草藥和食物,像歐亞甘草或亞麻籽都會(huì )舒緩癥狀。
30 、Aromatically intense with a mixture of leather, licorice and spices over a background of forest fruits (dark berries).───成熟的漿果香中混合中皮革,甘草和香辛料的味道。
31 、Palate: Licorice, berry and lead pencil, with flowers.Full-bodied, with fine tannins and a long finish.A very racy GPL.───口感:甘草,漿果香、鉛筆和花香,酒體豐滿(mǎn),單寧恰倒好處,富于回味,充滿(mǎn)活力。
32 、Ingredient: Licorice Extract, Soothing Factor, Chamomile, Hamamelis, Aloe Extract, Permeating Ion Factor.───主要成份:甘草液、舒緩因子、洋甘菊、金縷梅、蘆薈提取液、離子滲透因子。
33 、Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region has always been a town licorice, salt pond in the middle, one mind, Lingwu, Ning and other places in the arid and semi-arid desert grassland and hilly areas.───寧夏歷來(lái)是甘草之鄉,產(chǎn)于鹽池、同心、靈武、中寧等地的干旱、半干旱的荒漠草原和丘陵地帶。
34 、Taishan which dangshen, astragalus, licorice, Polyporus, such as well-known V-ling.───其中臺山黨參、黃芪、甘草、豬苓、伏苓等很有名。
35 、Intense and pleasant aromas of licorice and wild red and blackberries fill the nose, with mineral undertones.───怡人的甘草、紅黑醬果子香充斥了鼻子,帶著(zhù)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)礦物香。
36 、MAIN COMPOSITIONS: NATURAL HYALURONIC ACID, GRAPE POLYPHENOLS, BUTYROSPERMUM PARKII, HERBAL PROTEIN, LICORICE.───主要成份:葡萄多酚、乳木果油、植物蛋白、甘草精華、天然透明質(zhì)酸。
37 、Main compositions: Grape Polyphenols, Extract of sweet tea, Licorice, Extremely pure nano VE, Active Hyaluronic Acid.───主要成份:葡萄多酚,甜茶萃取液、甘草精華、納米極純VE、活性透明度酸。
38 、If you are taking thiazide diuretics, licorice, or corticosteroids (Potassium loss may be aggravated with these drugs).───如你正在服用噻嗪類(lèi)利尿劑、甘草或皮質(zhì)甾類(lèi)藥物,可能由于這些藥物導致鉀元素流失的加速。
39 、The nose is alive with aromas of Turkish delight, spice, cloves, raspberry, licorice and a hint of dried herbs.───充滿(mǎn)迷人且豐富的芳香,蘊含土耳其軟糖的甜蜜,丁香等各種香草的獨特香氣。
40 、Main compositions: Extract of grape pip , Cornflower, Thermal water extract, protein complex, Licorice, VA acid.───主要成份:葡萄籽精華、溫泉水精華、蛋白復合物、矢車(chē)菊精華、甘草精華、VA酸。
41 、China was the great storehouse of things the world wanted: tea, silk, licorice, and the hand-woven cotton which was so much superior to the hand-woven fabrics of other countries.───中國是個(gè)大商店,擁有許多全世界都想要的商品:茶葉、絲、甘草與其他國家所比不上的手工棉織品。
42 、It's also why we're eating licorice for breakfast.─── 這也是我們早餐吃甘草糖的原因
43 、Garlic and licorice can enhance immunity and cardiovascular health.───含蒜素及甘草成份,能增強身體抵抗力,保持心血管健康。
44 、Among them, in order to ephedra, licorice for more than a higher value.───其中,以麻黃、甘草為多,利用價(jià)值較高。
45 、Functions and directions: Natural extracts from various freshly collected flowers, combining with licorice, can sooth skin damage caused by sunshine, repair tender skin, promote cell regeneration, smooth light lines, and care delicate skin.───功效及使用方法:采集新鮮天然的各種鮮花提取物,與甘草搭配能舒緩陽(yáng)光帶給肌膚的傷害,修護細嫩肌膚,促進(jìn)細胞更新,平滑細紋,呵護嬌嫩肌膚。
46 、Ingredient: Vitamin B5、Hyaluronic、Lavender Oil、Arbutin、Licorice、Seaweed Essence、Oxygen Bio Water、etc.───成份:維他命B5、薰衣草香薰油、熊果苷、海藻精華、活泉水等。
47 、Ingredient: Licorice Extract, Allantoin, Immune Polysaccharides, Chamomile.───主要成份:甘草精、尿囊素、免疫多糖、洋甘菊等。
48 、Ingredients: Aloe, chamomile, licorice extract, Melissa, Vitamin F, rose extract and immunepo lysaccharide cellular stimulator.───成份:蘆薈、洋甘菊、甘草提取精華、香蜂草、維他命F、玫瑰精華、免疫多糖細胞激活劑。
49 、Main composition :Licorice , Berberine , Hamamelideae , Ampelopsis , etc.───主要成份:甘草、黃蓮、金縷梅、白蘞等。
50 、Cinnamon Bark, Ginger Root, Natural Peach Flavor, Licorice Root, Orange Peel, Parsley Leaf, Fo-Ti Root, Cornsilk Stamens, Bilberry Leaf, Cardamom Seed, Clove Bud and Black Pepper.───含有多種天然植物葉,根(甘草,姜,肉桂,茴香等等)。幫助人體解毒,增加抵抗力。
51 、Medicines categories: the Tianshan snow lotus, Cistanche (large-yun), licorice, Apocynum, Rose essential oil.───7.藥材類(lèi):天山雪蓮、肉蓯蓉(大蕓)、甘草、羅布麻、玫瑰花精油。
52 、Soft and seductive with cherry and licorice characteristics discernable in the flavors.───優(yōu)雅而柔和的櫻桃、甘草和黑皮果實(shí)口感十分誘人。
53 、Licorice. I never much cared for 'em before.─── 甘草糖 我之前一直不喜歡
54 、The method extracting Glycyrrhizin from licorice by using the extraction material of alcohol ammonia was introduced.───介紹了用氨性乙醇作提取劑,從甘草中提取甘草甜素的方法。
55 、Rhubarb root、Chastetree fruit、Chrysanthemum flower、Coptis chinensis root、Angelica dong gui root、Platycodon grandiflori root、Ledebouriella sesloides root、Lovage、Licorice root.───大黃、蔓荊子、菊花、黃蓮、當歸、桔梗、防風(fēng)、川芎、甘草。
56 、Main compositions: Pomegranate essence, Ivy vine, Mulberry tree extract, Licorice, Citrus paradise extract.───主要成份:紅石榴素、常青藤、天然桑樹(shù)萃取精華、甘草萃取液、葡萄柚精華。
57 、Main Ingredients:Hamamelis, chamomile, licorice extract, sea creature essence, biological essence, bio-enzyme, etc.───主要成份:含金縷酶、洋甘菊、甘草提取液、海洋生物精華、生物酶等。
58 、Even smuggled tea was expensive, however, and therefore extremely profitable, so many smugglers began to adulterate the tea with substances, such as willow, licorice, and sole leaves.───參考譯文:即使是**的茶葉也非常昂貴,因而利潤特別高。**者們便用其他的東西往茶葉里摻假。
59 、Packet of Drooble`s and a Licorice Wand.───一包吹寶,還要一根甘草棒.
60 、You're starting to think about the licorice again.─── 你又想吃甘草味兒的了對吧
61 、Jiuye deep red gem, full of red fruit and licorice aroma, smooth import balance, soft tannins, Heicu Li, the recollection of long red berries.───口感:深寶石紅色的酒液,充滿(mǎn)了紅色水果及甘草的香味,入口順滑平衡,單寧柔軟,黑醋栗,紅漿果的回味悠長(cháng)。
62 、Licorice Good for Both Man and Beast───對人畜兩利的甘草
63 、Relatively cold climate in northern mountainous areas, is Astragalus, Codonopsis, Licorice and other herbs suitable for cultivation.───北部山區氣候相對冷涼,是黃芪、黨參、甘草等藥材的適宜栽培區。
64 、Relaxing Allergy &Shining Face Lotion(165ml) Ingredients: red myrrh alcohol, Natural moistening gene, HA, licorice essence, Camomile, etc.───主要成份:紅沒(méi)藥醇、天然保濕因子、透明質(zhì)酸、尿囊素、甘草精華、洋甘菊等。
65 、Extremely complex bouquet, with characteristic Sangiovese aromas of soft tobacco, licorice and cacao.───典型的桑吉奧維斯葡萄的香氣伴隨著(zhù)煙草、歐亞甘草與可可的芳香。
66 、Muscular yet classy. Breathtaking aromas of black licorice, violets, berry and cherry, with light hints of spices and minerals. It's all there in the nose.───強勁卻不失優(yōu)雅。散發(fā)著(zhù)令人驚嘆的黑甘草,紫羅蘭、漿果及櫻桃的香氣,伴隨一絲香料及礦物味。
67 、North American plant similar to true licorice and having a root with similar properties.───北美植物,與真正的歐亞甘草相似,根也有相似的特性。
68 、Main compositions: Pomegranate essence, inerttype VC ramification, Licorice, unique factor, natural soap essence.───主要成份:紅石榴素、安定型VC衍生物、甘草精華、特制因子、天然皂精華。
69 、MAIN COMPOSITIONS: POMEGRANATE ESSENCE, VC MUCOPOLYSAECCHARIDE, ARBUTIN, UNIQUE FACTOR, LICORICE, CITRUS PARADISE EXTRACT.───主要成份:紅石榴素、VC粘多糖、熊果苷精華、特制因子、甘草萃取液、葡萄柚精華。
70 、Soft tannins structure combined with intense black currants, plum, ripe prune and licorice.───丹寧柔和配合濃郁的黑醋栗、李子、成熟蜜棗和甘草特性,令酒體更佳。
71 、INGREDIENT:licorice essence, coenzyme, ginseng, Chinese angelica.pure plant traditional Chinese medicine,tace element.───成份:甘草精華、輔酶、人參、當歸、純植物中藥、微量元素。
72 、Aromas of black cherries, black berries, licorice and a bint of chocolate.───富有黑漿果、櫻桃、甘草和輕微的巧克力氣味。
73 、Garlic with Licorice contains allicin and is blended with licorice to further strengthen our immunity to viral attacks.───健爾力香蒜甘草片內含蒜素,配合甘草精華,有助加強身體的防御機制。
74 、For the ladies, licorice did the trick, followed by banana bread.───對女性來(lái)說(shuō)甘草沒(méi)有用,僅次于香蕉餅。
75 、There are ephedra, Kwai straminea, wolfberry, licorice, Nostoc, yellow ginseng, Jue Ma, mushrooms, Motherwort and so on, are sold both within and outside the province.───主要有麻黃、葵艽、枸杞、甘草、發(fā)菜、黃參、厥麻、蘑菇、益母草等,遠銷(xiāo)省內外。
76 、All models were randomly divided into fourgroups: normal control group, positive drug controlled group(Decocton of Prepared Licorice DPL group), Boschniakiarossica Fedtsch (BRF) treated group, and virus control group.───實(shí)驗共分4個(gè)組:正常對照組,**對照藥物組(炙甘草湯組),草蓯蓉提取物組,病毒對照組。
77 、Main Ingredients: Hamamelis, chamomile, licorice extract, sea creature essence, biological essence, bio-enzyme, PNYE and native protein lecithin, etc.───主要成份:含金縷酶、洋甘菊、甘草提取液、海洋生物精華、生物酶、酵母萃取精華、甘酵酸、天然蛋白卵**脂等。
78 、Ingredient: Vitamin C, Glucoside (AAG), Hyaluronic acid, Licorice Extract, Vitamin E.───主要成份:維他命C、糖苷(AAG)、透明質(zhì)酸、甘草萃取液、維他命E。
79 、Ingredients: B7 renewal factor, ocean active factor, levo Vitamin C extract and licorice extract.───成份:B7再生因子、海洋活性因子、左旋C精華、甘草精華。
80 、The Xiao Chai Hu Tang consists of 7 herbs, which are bupleurum, scutellaria, pinellia, ginger, jujube, ginseng and licorice, and has been suggested to have anti inflammatory and anti allergy effects.───小柴胡湯包含有7味中草藥即柴胡、黃芩、半夏、生姜、大棗、人參和甘草。長(cháng)期以來(lái)被認為具有消炎,抗過(guò)敏作用,并被廣泛應用于臨床實(shí)踐中。
81 、Product source: Glabridin is a nature skin whitening agent extracted from special licorice.───產(chǎn)品來(lái)源:光甘草定是從特定品種甘草中提取的天然美白劑。
82 、Medium-full bodied dry red wine in ruby red color.Aromas of mineral, licorice, cherry liqueur and black currants.───中度至豐滿(mǎn)酒體干紅葡萄酒,寶石紅色澤,富有礦物、煙熏、甘草、櫻桃甜酒和黑醋栗氣味。
83 、The main ingredients: seaweed, arbutin, pomegranate extract, licorice essence, hyaluronic acid and so on.───主要成份:海藻、熊果苷、石榴提取物、甘草精華、透明質(zhì)酸等。
84 、Raw material: Steatitic 180 grams, licorice 30 grams, rice 100 grams.───原料:滑石180克,甘草30克,粳米100克。
85 、A heat-relieving beverage is prepared using cogongrass rhizome, mulberry leaf and licorice as the main ingredients.───以白茅根、桑葉、甘草為主要原料,輔以蜂蜜、檸檬酸、白砂糖,研制出色香味俱佳、清熱解暑的保健飲料。
86 、Main compositions: Extract of grape pip , Epidermis repair factor, Active hyaluronic acid, Licorice.───主要成份:甘草精華、表皮修復因子、葡萄籽精華、活性透明質(zhì)酸。
87 、COTES D’UZES in the region, manufacturers often add a licorice candy.───在COTES D’UZES地區,制造者經(jīng)常在糖果中加入甘草。
88 、Ingredients: botulinum toxin (Clostridium botulinum), hyaluronic acid, hydrogen protein, grape polyphenols, aloe extract, seaweed extract, glycyrrhizic acid, licorice extract and vitamin E.───成份:肉毒桿菌、玻尿酸、水解蛋白質(zhì)、葡萄多酚萃取、蘆薈萃取、褐藻萃取、甘草酸、甘草萃取、維生素E。
89 、Tobacco, curd soap, licorice and a hint of sweet semolina pudding.─── 煙草 鹽析皂 甘草 還有一絲甜小麥粉布丁的味道
甘草酸(干草甜素)和甘草次酸的提取技術(shù)
分類(lèi): 醫療健康 >> 中醫
問(wèn)題描述:
請盡快查找
本人不勝感激
要求很專(zhuān)業(yè),越詳細越好
另外桔梗中糖甙的提取技術(shù) 如果有同樣可以給你加一百分
不過(guò)還是要求很專(zhuān)業(yè),越詳細越好,越詳細越好
如果所給資料符合要求
本人將補謝100,決不食言?。?!
解析:
甘草酸的提取工藝及應用
介紹利用溶劑萃取法從甘草中提取甘草酸的工藝過(guò)程及甘草酸在醫藥、食品、化妝品等方面的應用。
關(guān)鍵詞:甘草 甘草酸 溶劑
THE PRAPARATION AND APPLICATION OF GLYCYRRHIZIC ACID
This acticle introduced the process of using the solvent extracting the glycyrrhizic acid from the licorice and the glycyrrhizic acids application of medicine、food and co *** etics.
Key words:Licorice,Glycyrrihizic acid,Solvent
1 甘草酸的結構及特性
甘草酸是由甘草中提取。甘草,又名美草、蜜甘、甜根子,多生長(cháng)在我國西北、華北、東北地區,為多年生草本植物。甘草酸作為其主要成分,隨產(chǎn)地不同含量亦不同,一般在(4~14)%之內。甘草酸是甘草甜味的有效成分,又名甘草甜素、甘草皂甙。分子式C42H62O16,相對分子質(zhì)量822.92,其結構式如圖1。
甘草酸為白色或淡**結晶型粉末,熔點(diǎn)220 ℃,有特殊甜味,其甜度約為蔗糖的250倍,溶于熱水和熱的稀乙醇,不溶于無(wú)水乙醇和乙醚。甘草酸遇酸則沉淀,常利用此性質(zhì)進(jìn)行提取和精制。為了使用方便,一般都把甘草酸制成水溶性的鹽類(lèi),如甘草酸鈉、甘草酸二鈉、甘草酸三鈉、甘草酸銨等。
2 甘草酸的制備
甘草酸的制備方法有溶劑萃取法,大孔樹(shù)脂吸附法和植物組織培養法等多種,現介紹采用第一種方法從甘草中提取甘草酸的工藝過(guò)程。
2.1 工藝流程
甘草挑選除雜→粉碎→提取→過(guò)濾→濃縮→分離→沉淀→重結晶→干燥→成品。
2.2 工藝過(guò)程
(1) 粉碎:將干凈干燥的甘草放入粉碎機中粉碎,過(guò)10目篩選,制得甘草粉。
(2) 提?。悍Q(chēng)取一定質(zhì)量的甘草粉放入反應器中,加入其5倍質(zhì)量的水,在攪拌下于85 ℃以上加熱回流2.5 h,過(guò)濾、濾渣再加3倍質(zhì)量的水重復提取一次,合并瀘液。
(3) 濃縮:將甘草酸提取液用薄膜蒸發(fā)器進(jìn)行真空濃縮,當濾液體積減少4/5時(shí),趁熱過(guò)濾。
(4) 分離:在已經(jīng)冷卻的濃縮濾液中,加入其1/2容量的95%的乙醇,然后靜止過(guò)夜,經(jīng)過(guò)濾除去植物蛋白、多糖等沉淀物。
(5) 沉淀:在經(jīng)上述處理的甘草酸濃縮液中,用濃硫酸調其PH值,使甘草酸沉淀析出,然后進(jìn)行離心分離,得粗甘草酸。
(6) 重結晶:用(60~70) ℃的稀乙醇進(jìn)行重結晶,減壓過(guò)濾后得甘草酸濕品。
(7) 干燥:將濕甘草酸放入真空干燥箱內,調節真空度,在(70~80) ℃溫度下加熱(40~60) min,即得干甘草酸。
(8) 成品:將干燥的甘草酸粉碎,過(guò)篩,即得甘草酸成品。
3 甘草酸的定性和定量測定
3.1 甘草酸的定性鑒別
取樣品4 mg,置白磁板上,加4%硫酸7滴,漸漸變成橙**至橙紅色。
3.2 甘草酸純度的測定
取樣品6g,精確稱(chēng)定,加蒸餾水50 mL溶解后,移置100 mL容量瓶中,用乙醇稀釋至刻度,搖勻,靜置10 h。吸取上清液250 mL置小燒杯中,加氨試液3滴。然后加熱至稠膏狀,加30 mL蒸餾水溶解,慢慢加入3%鹽酸溶液5mL,在冰水中冷卻30 min,過(guò)濾,沉淀物用5mL冰水洗3次。棄去洗液及濾液,將沉淀物放在表面皿中使水分自然蒸發(fā),然后加入10 mL65 ℃的乙醇,使沉淀物溶解,過(guò)濾,將乙醇溶液放入干燥恒重的燒杯中加熱蒸干,精確稱(chēng)定。則甘草酸純度(X)的計算采用下式:
3.3 甘草酸產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量指標
經(jīng)測試甘草酸的質(zhì)量指標如下(質(zhì)量分數):甘草酸含量(以C42H62O16計):≥65%;水分:≤12%;灰分:≤11%;重金屬:≤25×10-6;熔點(diǎn):218-220 ℃。
4 甘草酸的應用
甘草酸是甘草甜味的有效成分,通常使用的是其水溶性的鹽,稱(chēng)為甘草甜素。它的特點(diǎn)是高甜度,低熱能,安全無(wú)毒,起泡性和溶血作用很低。因此,在醫藥、食品、化妝品等行業(yè)廣泛使用。
甘草酸甜素能與多種生物堿、抗生素、氨基酸等生成復鹽或復方制劑。常具有協(xié)同、增溶、增加藥物穩定性,提高生物利用度及降低毒副作用的功效。甘草酸的許多金屬鹽,人體可適當吸收,不易造成元素的積蓄中毒,常用來(lái)配制健脾開(kāi)胃、止咳化痰、順氣止喘、治療慢性肝炎、降低血脂的良藥。日本學(xué)者對甘草酸甜素的抗病毒性進(jìn)行了篩選,表明它對艾滋病毒(HIV)的增殖及對細胞變性有抑制作用。1986年日本報道甘草對艾滋病毒的抑制率高達98%,因此,甘草被稱(chēng)為戰勝AIDS病的“仙草”。
甘草甜素作為天然的甜味劑與人們的生活密切相關(guān),在食品方面有著(zhù)廣泛的應用。蔗糖雖久負盛名,但糖尿病、肥胖癥、高血壓、心臟病等患者慎用或禁用。糖精雖低熱,但由于是人工合成,加之甜味不純不受歡迎。而甘草甜素可彌補上述甜素的弊端。甘草酸分子中兩分子葡萄糖與配糖體結合,在口腔酶的作用下,經(jīng)過(guò)幾秒鐘便開(kāi)始水解出葡萄糖,產(chǎn)生甜味,能持續較常時(shí)間,食用后口腔無(wú)余酸,集甜味與保健于一體,廣泛用于軟飲料、罐頭、糖果、面制品、醬油、腌制品等方面。
止渴、保健等飲料中加入適量甘草甜素,可以克服多用糖而引起的發(fā)酵、酸敗等缺點(diǎn);口香糖、巧克力等糖果中加入甘草甜素,有殺菌、潔齒、消炎、潤喉等功效;在醬油中加入甘草甜素,作矯味劑,可抑制鹽味和其苦味,增加醬油的風(fēng)味;在蛋糕、面包、餅干等面制品加入甘草甜素,起到增甜、疏松起泡、柔軟化的效果;在腌制品中加入甘草甜素,可克服因少加糖而出現的發(fā)酵腐敗、變色、硬化等弊端,起到抑腥臭增香甜的作用。
甘草甜素水溶液具有水凝性,可制成變凝性的化妝水劑或乳液,便于使用和保存。由甘草甜素配制的護膚霜、祛斑霜、高級珍珠膏等化妝品,既有美容護膚效果,又有消炎、抗變態(tài)反應和治療皮膚病的作用。
在卷煙方面,甘草甜素作為高級香煙的甜潤、增香和保濕劑,可使煙味柔和,減少煙的毒害作用,或許對無(wú)害香煙,保健香煙的研制有所裨益。
作者單位:基礎科學(xué)系
參考文獻
1 凌關(guān)庭.食品添加劑手冊.北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,1989.310
2 禹茂章.世界精細化工手冊.北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)部科技情報所,1990.428~429
3 雷學(xué)軍.甘草酸制備及其在食品工業(yè)中的應用.食品研究與開(kāi)發(fā),1994,(1):4
4 徐子碩.甘草及其制劑中化學(xué)成分測定方法進(jìn)展.中草藥,1994,25(7):385
wanfangdata/qikan/periodical.Articles/tjqgyxyxb/tjqg99/tjqg9901/990110
[植物來(lái)源] 豆科植物甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) 的干燥根及根莖,相思子Abrus precat orius L.葉
[分子式及分子量] C42H62O16;822.92
[結構式]
[物理性質(zhì)] 甘草酸為白色或淡**結晶型粉末,熔點(diǎn)220℃,有特殊甜味,其甜度約為蔗糖的250倍,溶于熱水和熱的稀乙醇,不溶于無(wú)水乙醇和乙醚。
[藥理作用] 甘草酸具有腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素樣作用,能抑制毛細血管通透性,減輕過(guò)敏性休克的癥狀??梢越档透哐獕翰∪说难迥懘?。
[研發(fā)進(jìn)展]甘草酸是甘草甜味的有效成分,通常使用的是其水溶性的鹽,稱(chēng)為干草甜素。它的特點(diǎn)是高甜度、低熱能、安全無(wú)毒,起泡性和溶血作用很低。因此,在醫藥、食品、化妝品等行業(yè)使用廣泛。
甘草酸甜素能與多種生物堿、抗生素、氨基酸等生成復鹽或復方制劑,具有協(xié)同、增溶、增加藥物穩定性、提高生物利用度及降低毒副作用的功效。甘草酸的許多金屬鹽,人體可適當吸收,不易造成元素的積蓄中毒。因此常被用來(lái)配制成健脾開(kāi)胃、止咳化痰、順氣止喘、治療慢性肝炎、降低血脂的良藥。日本學(xué)者對甘草酸甜素的抗病毒性進(jìn)行了篩選,表明它對艾滋病毒的增殖及對細胞變性有抑制作用。1986年日本報道甘草對艾滋病毒的抑制率高達98%,因此,甘草被稱(chēng)為戰勝AIDS病的“仙草“。
現代研究證明,甘草酸是甘草中最重要的有效成分之一。具有抗炎、抗病毒和保肝解毒及增強免疫功能等作用。由于甘草酸有糖皮質(zhì)激素樣藥理作用而無(wú)嚴重不良反應,在臨床中被廣泛用于治療各種急慢性肝炎、支氣管炎和艾滋病。還具有抗癌防癌、干擾素誘生劑及細胞免疫調節劑等功能。
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extract是什么意思
extract的意思是:摘錄。
extract,英語(yǔ)單詞,主要用作動(dòng)詞、名詞,作動(dòng)詞時(shí)意為“提取,提煉;索取,設法得到;選取,摘錄;取出,拔出;推斷出,引申出;開(kāi)(方),求(根)”;作名詞時(shí)意為“摘錄,引文;榨出物,汁”。
短語(yǔ)搭配:extract from從…提取,文件的摘錄。water extract水提取物。plant extract植物提取物;植物浸出液。yeast extract酵母膏;酵母提取物。aqueous extract水提物。grape seed extract葡萄籽萃取物;葡萄籽精華。
ginseng extract人參提取物,人參精華;人蔘萃取液,人參膏。crude extract n.粗提物,粗抽提物;粗提取液。ginkgo biloba extract銀杏葉提取物;銀杏萃取液;銀杏精華;銀杏黃酮。rosemary extract迷迭香萃取物;迷迭香精華。licorice extract甘草萃取,甘草浸液。
雙語(yǔ)例句
1、Read this extract from an information booklet about the work of an airline cabin crew.看看這段從有關(guān)航空公司乘務(wù)人員工作的信息手冊中摘錄的文字。
2、Language teachers often extract examples from grammar books.語(yǔ)言教師常從語(yǔ)法書(shū)里摘錄例子。
3、The following extract is taken from her new novel.下面一段摘自她的新**。
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