?evapotranspiration

evapotranspiration發(fā)音

英：[??v?p???tr?nsp?'re???n]　　美：[??v?po??tr?nsp?'re???n]

英：　　美：

evapotranspiration中文意思翻譯

n. 蒸散

evapotranspiration常見(jiàn)例句

1 、Measured Sap Flow and Estimated Evapotranspiration of Tropical Eucalyptus urophylla Plantations in South China───華南桉樹(shù)人工林樹(shù)液流通量及蒸散作用

2 、Evapotranspiration Characteristics of Soil Microbiotic Crusts───土壤生物結皮蒸散特征研究

3 、The regional distribution of actual evapotranspiration───區域變化

4 、Actual evapotranspiration in farmland───農田實(shí)際蒸散

5 、reference crop evapotranspiration───參考作物蒸發(fā)蒸騰量

6 、Water and Heat Transfer Mechanics in the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum and Regional Evapotranspiration Model───土壤-植被-大氣系統水和熱傳輸機理及區域蒸散模型

7 、Seasonal and interannual variation in evapotranspiration, energy balance and surface conductance in a northern temperate grassland───北部溫帶草原蒸散能量平衡和地面傳導系數的季節性和年際變化

8 、The Study of Tasseled Cap Transformation and Regional Evapotranspiration Models Based on ASTER───基于A(yíng)STER的穗帽變換與區域蒸散模型研究

9 、The correlation between water and soil conservation effect coefficient and the difference between precipitation and evapotranspiration was negative.───保土作用系數與降水蒸發(fā)差呈負相關(guān),與植物初級生產(chǎn)力呈正相關(guān),其相關(guān)性很高,可信度均超過(guò)0.01水平。

10 、evapotranspiration potential───可能蒸發(fā)蒸騰

11 、Evapotranspiration Process and Water Balance of Different Plant Communities in Lower Taihang Mountainous Areas───太行山低山區不同植被群落蒸散與水量平衡研究

12 、Reference evapotranspiration is evaluated by Penman-Monteithmethod newly recommend by FAO.───參考作物騰發(fā)量采用聯(lián)合國糧農組織(FAO)推薦使用的 Penman-Monteith 方法計算。

13 、Measurement of Evapotranspiration by the Microlysimeters in the Mountain Vegetation Zone of the Hei River Basin───兩種小型蒸滲儀在黑河流域山區植被帶的應用研究

14 、Isoline map of crop evapotranspiration───作物需水量等值線(xiàn)圖

15 、Comparing Two Methods for Calculating Major Crop Evapotranspiration in the Pediment of Mt. Taihang───太行山山前平原主要農作物蒸散量估算方法比較

16 、reference evapotranspiration───參考作物騰發(fā)量

17 、The ratio between soil evaporation and crop evapotranspiration in each month and in the whole growing period of winter wheat are obtained from observed evolution of soil evaporation rate in the field.───在農田水量平衡的各種計算模型中，總是用參照騰發(fā)量與作物系數的乘積計算作物總騰發(fā)量，而如何將土面蒸發(fā)與葉面蒸騰分開(kāi)，一直是困擾著(zhù)人們的難題。

18 、In contrast to the conventional view, it haeen noted that evapotranspiration from nonirrigated cropland also is a water resource that beneficial to society (7).───與常規觀(guān)點(diǎn)對比，已被注意的是從未灌溉過(guò)的農田的蒸散量也是對社會(huì )有益的水資源(7)。

19 、Therefore, developing evapotranspiration models of vegetation is always an important research topic in both ecological process and water resources management of terrestrial ecosystem.───因此,植被蒸發(fā)散量的估算模型開(kāi)發(fā)一直是陸地生態(tài)系統的生態(tài)學(xué)過(guò)程和水資源管理研究的重要領(lǐng)域。

20 、two-source evapotranspiration───雙源蒸散發(fā)

21 、Influence of as and bs Values on Determination of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration by Penman-Monteith Formula───as和bs取值對參考作物蒸發(fā)蒸騰量計算結果的影響

22 、Price, John C, 1990. Using Spatial Context in Satellite Data to Infer Regional Scale Evapotranspiration .IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 28(5): 940-948.───劉俊志，（2000），克利金空間推估應用于控制點(diǎn)選取與影像幾何校正，國立臺灣大學(xué)生物環(huán)境系統工程研究所碩士論文。

23 、On the farmland of Heishui River basin, which was distributed in dry valley, evapotranspiration was much higher than precipitation.───兩個(gè)流域草地水量平衡對景觀(guān)格局的響應模式與有林地基本一致；

24 、Using the ground-truth weatherdata, the modeling results of field evapotranspiration, latent heat and sensible heatare compared to a real-time observation by eddy correlation measurement.───以先進(jìn)的渦度相關(guān)法為對照，對下墊面的蒸散、潛熱和顯熱進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)的動(dòng)態(tài)觀(guān)測和資料采集，并與模型結果進(jìn)行比較。

25 、Influence of e_a on calculation of reference crop evapotranspiration with Penman-Monteith formula───不同e_a計算方法對Penman-Monteith公式的影響

26 、The relationship between evapotranspiration in wheat field and the groundwater level in Beijing-Tianjin Corridor───京津走廊麥田蒸散及其與地下水位變化關(guān)系研究

27 、Development and Application of A Reference Evapotranspiration Instrument───參考蒸發(fā)蒸騰儀的研制及其應用研究

28 、Soil temperature has minor influence on the evapotranspiration of Tamarix ramosissima, but variety of soil temperature has basic consistence with change of evapotranspiration rate.───土壤溫度對檉柳種群蒸散速率的影響不大,但土壤溫度的增加值的變化與蒸散速率的變化基本一致。

29 、consulting evapotranspiration───參照蒸散量

30 、Potential evapotranspiration greatly exceeds precipitation in the North China Plain.───在華北平原，潛在蒸騰量遠遠超過(guò)降雨。

31 、The relationship between relative evapotranspiration and leaf area index and surface soil water content in winter wheat field of North China Plain───華北平原冬小麥相對蒸散與葉面積指數及表層土壤含水量的關(guān)系

32 、annual mean evapotranspiration───多年平均蒸散量

33 、Modified Penman and Penman Monteith formulae were recommended to calculate the reference crop evapotranspiration by FAO one after another.───FAO先后建議用Penman修正式和Penman Monteith公式計算參考作物蒸散量 .

34 、Duo to crops' physiological mechanism and the unsteady,non-linear stochastic variation of meteorological factors,reference crop evapotranspiration time series is characterized by its periodicity.───受作物本身生理機制以及近地層氣象因子非線(xiàn)性、非平穩化隨機變化的影響,參考作物潛在騰發(fā)量時(shí)序過(guò)程具有周期特性。

35 、Average annual evapotranspiration in the monsoon evergreen broad leaf forest is 948 2 mm, which amounts to 49 7% of annual precipitation.───( 4 )季風(fēng)常綠闊葉林多年平均蒸散 948.2 mm,占同期降水量的 49.7% ;

36 、Keywords three basins in ShanXi province;evapotranspiration;quantitative remote sensing;surface energy balance;───山西三大盆地;蒸散發(fā);定量遙感;地表能量平衡;

37 、Using radial basis function network based on project pursuit to forecast reference evapotranspiration───基于投影尋蹤的徑向基函數網(wǎng)絡(luò )在參考騰發(fā)量預測中的應用

38 、Assessing bias in evapotranspiration and soil moisture estimates due to the use of modeled solar radiation and dew point temperature data───在蒸散和土壤濕度估算中因使用模式太陽(yáng)輻射和露點(diǎn)溫度資料引起的偏差評估

39 、Based on the daily meteorological data of more than 200 stations all over China,daily reference evapotranspiration(ET_0) was(estimated) by using the FAO Penman-Monteith equation.───基于全國范圍200多個(gè)氣象站測站逐日氣象觀(guān)測資料,應用FAO-Penm an-M on te ith公式,計算得出各站歷年逐日參照作物騰發(fā)量ET0。

40 、crop potential evapotranspiration───作物潛在騰發(fā)量

41 、reference crops evapotranspiration quantity───參照作物騰發(fā)量

42 、The evapotranspiration of 51 accessions of Zoysia spp. which included three check accessions such as Lanyin No. 3(Z077)(Z.japonica cv.Lanyin No.3),Qingdao(Z081)(Z.japonica cv.Qingdao) and Manila (Z014)(Z.matrella) were evaluated.───以‘蘭引3號’結縷草(Z077)(Zoysia japon icacv.Lany in N o.3)、青島結縷草(Z081)(Z.japon ica cv.Qing dao)和馬尼拉(Z014)(Z.matrella)為對照,研究結縷草屬5個(gè)種48份種源的蒸散量。

43 、Title： Evapotranspiration of winter wheat field in North China Plain.───關(guān)鍵詞：農田墑情;農田蒸散;冠層溫度;渦度相關(guān)技術(shù)

44 、An Update for the Definition of Reference Evapotranspiration ICID Bulletin[J]。───土壤-植物-大氣連續體模型中的蒸散發(fā)計算[J]。

45 、Reference Crop Evapotranspiration Calculation in Short Interval of Mountainous Area in North China───華北山區短時(shí)段參考作物蒸散量的計算

46 、regional land surface evapotranspiration───區域蒸散

47 、Ratio of soil evaporation to the evapotranspiration for summer maize field───夏玉米棵間土面蒸發(fā)與蒸發(fā)蒸騰比例研究

48 、How to integrate the results of the Tasseled Cap and the evapotranspiration models together to get more exact outcome will be study stress in the future.───如何將穗帽變換結果和蒸散模型有效結合,獲得更準確的計算結果,將是以后的研究重點(diǎn)。

49 、Keywords desert area;artificially re-vegetated desert area;soil moisture;water balance;evapotranspiration;───關(guān)鍵詞荒漠帶;人工固沙植叢;土壤水分;水分平衡;蒸散發(fā);

50 、STUDY OF FIELD EVAPOTRANSPIRATION───農田蒸散的研究

51 、Comparative analysis of regional evapotranspiration estimation models using remotely sensed data───估算區域蒸發(fā)蒸騰量的遙感模型對比分析

52 、The crop reference evapotranspiration, estimated from meteorological data with methods such as the Penman-Monteith method recommended by FAO, is useful for precision irrigation decision-making.───在估算大氣蒸發(fā)力方面,以參考作物蒸散量為指標,估計作物參考蒸散量的方法以聯(lián)合國糧農組織(FAO)最新推薦的Penman Monteith方法較為精細。

53 、Evapotranspiration is the combination of water loss through atmospheric evaporation, coupled with the evaporative loss of water through the life processes of plants.───土壤水分蒸發(fā)蒸騰損失總量是水通過(guò)大氣蒸發(fā)損失的總和，結合通過(guò)植物生命過(guò)程蒸發(fā)損失。

54 、land surface evapotranspiration───地表蒸散

55 、The result show that the CRAE model seems effective for estimating catchment evapotranspiration.───因此，CRAE模型在流域蒸發(fā)估算、水文資源分析、農業(yè)生產(chǎn)中有較強的應用性。

56 、Comparison Applying of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration Computing Method in the Longitudinal Range Gorge Region───參考作物需水量計算方法在縱向嶺谷區的應用對比

57 、References evapotranspiration───參考作物蒸散量

58 、total evapotranspiration of crops───作物蒸發(fā)蒸騰量

59 、Of all components of water balance in farmlands, evapotranspiration, capillary rise from a water table and deep percolation are difficult to determine.───在農田水分平衡中,較難測定的要素有農田蒸騰蒸發(fā)量、地下水毛細上升量和土壤水滲漏量。

60 、Comparison of Different Complementary Relationship Models for Regional Evapotranspiration Estimation───基于互補相關(guān)原理的區域蒸散量估算模型比較

61 、Many kinds of approaches have been used for estimating crop evapotranspiration,here,we use crop coefficient approach recommended by FAO.───估算作物騰發(fā)速率的方法很多,本研究采用了聯(lián)合國糧農組織推薦的作物系數法。

62 、Penman - Monteith evapotranspiration model───Penman-Monteith蒸散模型

63 、The changing laws of the diurnal evapotranspiration and soil evaporation between plants in the winter wheat field of the North China Plain───華北平原冬小麥田間蒸散與棵間蒸發(fā)的變化規律研究

64 、Neural network model for reference crop evapotranspiration prediction based on weather forecast───基于氣象預報的參考作物蒸發(fā)蒸騰量的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò )預測模型

65 、Conventional engineers of water resources consider the water withdrawn from surface and groundwater as water resources and evapotranspiration as a loss of water from the precipitatedwater.───傳統的水利工程師把開(kāi)采的地表水和地下水看作是水資源，而把騰發(fā)看作是來(lái)自于降水的水量的損失。

66 、Application and verification of distributed model in simulating watershed evapotranspiration───分布式模型在流域蒸散模擬中的應用與驗證

67 、The experiment based on the auto-weighing lysimeters aims to study the soil moisture dynamics and evapotranspiration (ET) of revegetated and bare desert dune area.───以大型自動(dòng)稱(chēng)重式蒸滲儀為試驗設施,對草原化荒漠帶固沙植叢區與無(wú)植被沙區土壤水分動(dòng)態(tài)及蒸散發(fā)進(jìn)行對比研究。

68 、It’s a “deep fresh marshes” “surface water depression”, loses water only through infiltration into the ground and through evapotranspiration.───溼地的主要水源為降雨，主要損失為蒸發(fā)、入滲及排水管。

69 、Experimental study on evapotranspiration and soil evaporation in summer maize field───夏玉米田蒸發(fā)蒸騰量與棵間蒸發(fā)的試驗研究

70 、regional averaged evapotranspiration───區域平均蒸散發(fā)率

71 、In that sense, precipitation minus evapotranspiration over land is a measure of the maximum available RFWR.───從這個(gè)意義上講，用陸地上的降水量減去蒸散量即是可利用RFWR的最大值。

72 、reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0)───參考作物蒸發(fā)蒸騰量（ET0）

73 、Estimated Evapotranspiration Based on NOAA Data in the Yellow River Delta───利用NOAA數據估算黃河三角洲區域蒸散量

74 、Based on the achievements of forest history, ecology, climatology and desertology, the relationships of forest, evapotranspiration, climate and desert were studied.───以森林歷史、生態(tài)學(xué)、氣候學(xué)、沙漠學(xué)研究成果為基礎,綜合研究森林、蒸散、氣候、沙漠之間的關(guān)系。

75 、Effects of different row spacings on soil evaporation, evapotranspiration and yield of winter wheat───不同行距對冬小麥麥田蒸發(fā)、蒸散和產(chǎn)量的影響

76 、Potential Evapotranspiration in Ulan Buh Desert───烏蘭布和沙漠可能蒸散的研究

77 、It has an effective, logarithmic relationship between net primary production of climax vegetation and evapotranspiration.───它在頂極植被凈第一性生產(chǎn)量與實(shí)際蒸發(fā)量之間有一個(gè)有效的對數關(guān)系。

78 、In a situation that there has no test evapotranspiration (ET) data, in this paper, we use the result that calculated by FAO-PM equation as comparison.───在沒(méi)有實(shí)測的蒸散發(fā)資料的情況下，本研究采用被公認和廣泛使用的國際糧農組織**使用的FAO-PM方法計算日蒸散發(fā)量，以此作為對照(?)行結果檢驗。

79 、ZHAI H B,LI J Y,NIE L S.Forestland evapotranspiration and water balance of Pinus tabulaeformis and Quercus variabilis mixed stand[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2004,26(2):48-51.───[8]翟洪波,李吉躍,聶立水.油松栓皮櫟混交林林地蒸散和水量平衡研究[J].北京林業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報,2004,26(2):48-51.

80 、reference evapotranspiration instrument───參考蒸發(fā)蒸騰儀

用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一個(gè)水的報告

太籠統了。。水的報告是怎樣的？有什么格式？題目是關(guān)于水污染的還是水再利用？

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Water cycle

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search

The water cycle.The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle or H2O cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. Water can change states among liquid, vapor, and ice at various places in the water cycle. Although the balance of water on Earth remains fairly constant over time, individual water molecules can come and go. Over geologic time, water-rich planets such as the Earth lose gases such as Hydrogen over time, which can lead to run away greenhouse effects which in turn accelerate Hydrogen loss, and by association water loss, from a planet's atmosphere.

Contents

1 Description

1.1 Different Processes

2 Residence times

3 Changes over time

4 Effects on climate

5 Effects on biogeochemical cycling

6 Slow loss over geologic time

7 See also

8 Notes

9 External links

Description

The sun, which drives the water cycle, heats water in oceans and seas. Water evaporates as water vapor into the air. Ice and snow can sublimate directly into water vapor. Evapotranspiration is water transpired from plants and evaporated from the soil. Rising air currents take the vapor up into the atmosphere where cooler temperatures cause it to condense into clouds. Air currents move water vapor around the globe, cloud particles collide, grow, and fall out of the sky as precipitation. Some precipitation falls as snow or hail, and can accumulate as ice caps and glaciers, which can store frozen water for thousands of years. Snowpacks can thaw and melt, and the melted water flows over land as snowmelt. Most water falls back into the oceans or onto land as rain, where the water flows over the ground as surface runoff. A portion of runoff enters rivers in valleys in the landscape, with streamflow moving water towards the oceans. Runoff and groundwater are stored as freshwater in lakes. Not all runoff flows into rivers, much of it soaks into the ground as infiltration. Some water infiltrates deep into the ground and replenishes aquifers, which store freshwater for long periods of time. Some infiltration stays close to the land surface and can seep back into surface-water bodies (and the ocean) as groundwater discharge. Some groundwater finds openings in the land surface and comes out as freshwater springs. Over time, the water returns to the ocean, where our water cycle started.

Different Processes

Precipitation

Condensed water vapor that falls to the Earth's surface . Most precipitation occurs as rain, but also includes snow, hail, fog drip, graupel, and sleet.[1] Approximately 505,000 km3 (121,000 cu mi) of water fall as precipitation each year, 398,000 km3 (95,000 cu mi) of it over the oceans.[2]

Canopy interception

The precipitation that is intercepted by plant foliage and eventually evaporates back to the atmosphere rather than falling to the ground.

Snowmelt

The runoff produced by melting snow.

Runoff

The variety of ways by which water moves across the land. This includes both surface runoff and channel runoff. As it flows, the water may seep into the ground, evaporate into the air, become stored in lakes or reservoirs, or be extracted for agricultural or other human uses.

Infiltration

The flow of water from the ground surface into the ground. Once infiltrated, the water becomes soil moisture or groundwater.[3]

Subsurface Flow

The flow of water underground, in the vadose zone and aquifers. Subsurface water may return to the surface (e.g. as a spring or by being pumped) or eventually seep into the oceans. Water returns to the land surface at lower elevation than where it infiltrated, under the force of gravity or gravity induced pressures. Groundwater tends to move slowly, and is replenished slowly, so it can remain in aquifers for thousands of years.

Evaporation

The transformation of water from liquid to gas phases as it moves from the ground or bodies of water into the overlying atmosphere.[4] The source of energy for evaporation is primarily solar radiation. Evaporation often implicitly includes transpiration from plants, though together they are specifically referred to as evapotranspiration. Total annual evapotranspiration amounts to approximately 505,000 km3 (121,000 cu mi) of water, 434,000 km3 (104,000 cu mi) of which evaporates from the oceans.[2]

Sublimation

The state change directly from solid water (snow or ice) to water vapor.[5]

Advection

The movement of water — in solid, liquid, or vapor states — through the atmosphere. Without advection, water that evaporated over the oceans could not precipitate over land.[6]

Condensation

The transformation of water vapor to liquid water droplets in the air, creating clouds and fog.[7]

Transpiration

The release of water vapor from plants and soil into the air. Water vapor is a gas that cannot be seen.

彭曼方程計算潛在蒸散和實(shí)際蒸散的區別

作物實(shí)際蒸散發(fā)量et測量計算

農田土壤蒸發(fā)植物蒸騰總耗水量.稱(chēng)蒸散、騰發(fā)量或總蒸發(fā)量.蒸散量農田水平衡重要組部.蒸散量受三面素制約:①氣干燥程度、輻射條件及風(fēng)力所綜合決定蒸發(fā)勢.②土壤濕潤程度導水能力所決定壤供水狀況.③植狀況,包括植物水輸導組織、葉片氣孔數量與及群體結構湍流交換系數影響等.平坦面矮稈綠色作物全部遮蔽,土壤充濕潤情況蒸散量稱(chēng)蒸散勢(Potential Evapotranspiration),稱(chēng)能蒸散量、潛蒸散量或能蒸散量.實(shí)際蒸散量蒸散勢、土壤含水量及植覆蓋狀況函數.測定蒸散量六種:①器測.應用蒸散計(內裝著(zhù)植物土柱狀儀器)定期測定土壤水損失量.②經(jīng)驗公式.用數理統計,確定蒸散量與各種氣候要素相關(guān)關(guān)系,建立計算蒸散量經(jīng)驗程.③水平衡.水較深,根布層水補給情況,通定期測定降雨量土壤水含量確定蒸散量.④湍流交換.通測定近面層水汽梯度湍流系數計算水垂直通量,確定蒸散量.⑤熱量平衡.通測定表熱量收支各量確定消耗于蒸散熱量.⑥綜合.綜合應用熱量平衡程湍流交換程計算能蒸散量(見(jiàn)能蒸散量),再用能蒸散量土壤水含量及植狀況參數建立函數關(guān)系,計算實(shí)際蒸散量.(