?cringing

cringing發(fā)音

英：[kr?nd??]　　美：[kr?nd??]

英：　　美：

cringing中文意思翻譯

n. 諂媚, 奉承

動(dòng)詞cringe的現在分詞形式

adj. 諂媚的, 奉承的

cringing詞形變化

動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數: cringes | 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞: cringed | 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式: cringed | 動(dòng)詞現在分詞: cringing |

cringing常見(jiàn)例句

1 、"Perfect," I lied, cringing as the sound of the slamming door echoed in my head.───“棒極了，”我撒謊了，車(chē)門(mén)被重重撞上發(fā)出聲音在我腦中嗡嗡的回響，我瑟縮了一下。

2 、In the film, Fiona Shaw portrays this very well by cringing as the dog jumps on her and impusively clenching and unclenching her fist during Marge's speeches against Harry and by extension against Petunia's family.───在**里，費歐娜?蕭完美地表現了這一點(diǎn)：狗跳向她的時(shí)候她畏縮了一下；瑪姬指責哈利，牽扯到了她的家庭時(shí)她不斷地握緊拳頭。

3 、A lane of dead bones, of crooked, cringing figures buried in shrouds.Spines made of sardine bones.───這是死人尸骨鋪砌的胡同，下面埋著(zhù)衣衫襤樓、歪七扭八、互相摟抱在一起的死人，還有沙丁魚(yú)骨制成的脊骨。

4 、second, that we release ourselves into the nothing, which is to say, that we liberate ourselves from those idols everyone has and to which they are wont to go cringing;───雖然沒(méi)有它，我還是一樣拿這么多薪水，一樣自如地應付老外，但這應該是英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)的一種情結吧，更何況兩次都是擦肩而過(guò)。

5 、Most people cringe at something like that.─── 大多數人看到這個(gè)都會(huì )嚇一跳

6 、the daily papers had a dozen men on his trail to chronicle his every word of wisdom;he had been honoured in caricature holding the Tiger cringing in leash.───他正日漸富有，每天都有十來(lái)個(gè)日報記者跟在他的屁股后頭記下他的警言睿語(yǔ)，在漫畫(huà)里他可敬地捉著(zhù)拴在皮帶里畏縮的老虎。

7 、The young prince obliged, happy no doubt to be making the kind of news that would not leave his family cringing.───年輕的王子應允了。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)他很高興能夠制造這種為家族爭光的新聞。

8 、and foreigners come cringing to me; as soon as they hear me, they obey me.───45外邦人要投降我，一聽(tīng)見(jiàn)我的名聲就必順從我。

9 、An act or instance of cringing.───阿諛?lè )畛邪⒄樂(lè )畛械男袨榛蚴吕?/p>

10 、5.So your enemies shall come cringing to you, And you shall tread upon their high places.───我還記得，每當家長(cháng)必須到學(xué)校會(huì )見(jiàn)老師時(shí)，我就有一種畏縮的感覺(jué)。

11 、I could even examine the sheaf of bills without cringing.───我甚至可以毫不畏懼地打開(kāi)那一疊賬單了。

12 、I can't tell if your overwhelming idiocy is cute or cringe.─── 我都看不出你令人發(fā)指的愚蠢是可愛(ài)還是奉承

13 、Staggering out of their fortresses, they came to me cringing and trembling.───外邦的子民向我諂媚奉承，一聽(tīng)到是我，即刻向我服膺。

14 、Uh, now, I cringe when I think about how immature I was.─── 我只要想到自己之前有多幼稚就會(huì )感到難堪

15 、At the mere hearing of a report, they obey me; Foreigners come cringing to me;───44他們一聽(tīng)見(jiàn)我的名聲，就必順從我；外邦人要歸順我。

16 、I cringe still when I think about it.─── 我想起來(lái)的時(shí)候還是會(huì )感到害怕

17 、This makes me cringe talking into this, listening to my stupid voice.─── 對著(zhù)錄音機說(shuō)話(huà) 聽(tīng)著(zhù)自己笨拙的聲音 讓我直發(fā)毛

18 、Vaulting the railing back into the promenade, he noticed Shu-chen cringing behind Ming-feng. "Aren't you ashamed?" he twitted her. "Scared of nothing at all."───他又跳進(jìn)回廊里來(lái)，看見(jiàn)淑貞膽怯地偎著(zhù)鳴鳳，便哂笑道： “這樣膽小，不害羞

19 、Their servile lives were spent in grovelling and cringing and toiling and running about like little dogs at the behest of their numerous masters───他們卑躬屈節的一生是在拍馬奉承、拼命干活中度過(guò)的，他們象小狗般的奔走在無(wú)數主人膝下。

20 、meek and submissive; servile; cringing───低聲下氣

21 、Then, what submission, what cringing and fawning, what servility, what abject humiliation!───好一個(gè)低眉垂首、阿諛?lè )暧?、脅肩諂笑、卑躬屈膝的場(chǎng)面！

22 、She's always cringing to the boss.───她在上司面前總是卑躬屈膝。

23 、She stepped towards him with a movement that was horribly cringing.───她沖他走了一步,做出一個(gè)低三下四,令人作嘔的動(dòng)作。

24 、I'd been filming for about a year and a half before this and I still find it difficult - I can't watch stuff I'm in without cringing all the way through.───我演出了一年半了，但還是不太習慣看到自己在屏幕上，我無(wú)法從頭看到尾都感到很自在。

25 、Say to God, How awesome are Your deeds! Because of the greatness of Your strength, Your enemies come cringing to You.───3當對神說(shuō)，你的作為何等可畏！因你的大能，仇敵要歸順你。

26 、Quiver by the fiery light, Cringing as your soul ignites,───在火光中顫抖,靈魂也被焚燒

27 、Nationalists believe the Philippines is cringing before its former masters.───民族主義者認為菲政府阿諛?lè )畛羞^(guò)去的主人美國。

28 、So your enemies shall come cringing to you, And you shall tread upon their high places.───你的仇敵必投降你；你必踏在他們的高處。

29 、I'm cringing for myself when I cringe for you.───當我因你流淚的時(shí)候，我是為自己傷心。

30 、and foreigners come cringing to me;as soon as they hear me, they obey me.───外邦人要投降我、一聽(tīng)見(jiàn)我的名聲、就必順從我。

31 、"fawn:To exhibit affection or attempt to please, as a dog does by wagging its tail, whining, or cringing."───"搖尾乞憐狗:搖尾巴、哀鳴、卑躬屈膝,表示喜愛(ài)或試圖討好."

32 、Cringe away 'cause we don't have another choice.─── 那就畏縮吧 因為我們別無(wú)選擇了

33 、My one-year-old nephew, i made hime cring just as geting back home.───我的侄子,一歲,我剛回家就把他弄哭了。

34 、To exhibit affection or attempt to please, as a dog does by wagging its tail, whining, or cringing.───搖尾乞憐狗搖尾巴、哀鳴、卑躬屈膝，表示喜愛(ài)或試圖討好

35 、But when Japan failed to bring China cringing to her knees as she vaunted, the world took solace in this phenomenon by declaring that they had overestimated Japan's military might.───但日本并不能如其所夸，迫使中國屈膝；于是舉世人士，對此現象，深感慰藉，并謂當初對于日本武力，估計過(guò)高。

36 、He had a cringing manner but a very harsh voice.───他有卑屈諂媚的神情，但是聲音卻十分粗沙。

37 、I'm just saying, the feminist inside me is cringing.─── 順口一說(shuō) 我內心的女權主義畏縮了

38 、He used to attack women in especial, never suspecting that it was to be his fate a few months later to be cringing before his wife───他尤其喜歡攻擊女人，他決沒(méi)有想到幾個(gè)月以后命運會(huì )叫他拜倒在他妻子的腳下。

39 、Hsin-mei stared wide-eyed at the cringing Kao Suns-nien and with a "humph" turned and departed───辛楣睜大眼，望一望瑟縮的高松年，“哼”一聲，轉身就走。

40 、In admitting that and letting go of that, even the cringing, the fact that I cringe when I watch it just reminds me that I've made the right choices in my life.───承認，然后釋然，即使是畏縮了，正是因為我在觀(guān)看它的時(shí)候畏縮了才提醒了我，我對生活做了正確的選擇。

41 、"Indeed!" rejoined Brass, cringing excessively───“真的！”布拉斯說(shuō)道，奉承得有些過(guò)分。

42 、It was like seeing a servant cringe.─── 就像看著(zhù)一個(gè)奴仆畏縮順從

43 、No, I'm not a cringing poetaster licking the hand of authority: I think one should also paint the other side of the picture───當然不能！我不是那樣阿諛權勢的假詩(shī)人！自然也得寫(xiě)寫(xiě)對方。

44 、Ever since you went away, I die a little more each day.Cause I'm cring my heart out over you.───自你走后,我的心日漸凋零,因為我為你悲痛欲絕。

45 、The expression of that base and cringing smile, that he knew so well in his wife, infuriated Pierre.───他從妻子臉上見(jiàn)過(guò)的這種畏葸而可鄙的微笑，觸怒了皮埃爾。

46 、In the show ring, he should exhibit poise and attentiveness and permit himself to be examined by the judge without resentment or cringing.───在比賽中，顯得鎮靜而專(zhuān)著(zhù)，允許裁判檢查他的身體，既不憤怒，也不阿諛。

47 、10. “Makelele was practising penalties yesterday after training,” the Premier League-winning manager revealed, cringing, “and he missed two out of two!───"馬克萊萊在昨天的訓練結束后加練了點(diǎn)球，"英超冠軍教練邊透露到邊聳了聳肩，"但他兩次罰球都沒(méi)有中！"收藏指正

48 、servile; cringing; subservient───卑躬屈膝

49 、a child cringing in terror───嚇得直退縮的孩子

50 、Moutains standing solemnly,rivers cring sadly,our immense contry totally immerse in huge grif.───群山肅立,江河揮淚,遼闊的祖國大地沉浸在巨大的悲痛之中。

51 、I had some hope again.I could even examine the sheaf of bills without cringing.───再次萌發(fā)了希望的我甚至能夠毫不畏縮地去查看那一摞帳單。

52 、I leaned away from his fierce scowl, cringing into Edward, and instinctively wiped the back of my right hand across my forehead to remove the evidence.───我拉遠與怒發(fā)沖冠的他的距離，縮進(jìn)愛(ài)德華懷里，本能地用右手手背抹去寶額前的罪證。

53 、court favor by cringing or flattering.───通過(guò)奉承某人來(lái)討某人的歡心。

54 、After meetings with several lawyers, a frustrated Leung gave up efforts to further pursue the complaint, cringing at the potential legal costs.───梁咨詢(xún)了幾名律師后，因昂貴的律師費而不得不放棄對其損失的進(jìn)一步申訴。

55 、we will look back and cringe at the barbari* of today's approach.─── 我們回顧現在原始的治療手段會(huì )難堪的

56 、Chances are you’ve stopped mentally processing these to-dos as tasks in the world and now just let your eyes fly past them so as to minimize the guilt, pain, and cringing that they cause you.───處理這些任務(wù)的機會(huì )已經(jīng)過(guò)去了，現在將這些任務(wù)忽略掉，減輕它們帶給你的負罪感、痛苦和畏縮。

57 、"Indeed!" rejoined Brass, cringing excessively.───“真的

58 、He was growing rich;the daily papers had a dozen men on his trail to chronicle his every word of wisdom;he had been honoured in caricature holding the Tiger cringing in leash.───他正日漸富有，天天都有十來(lái)個(gè)日報記者跟在他的屁股后頭記下他的警言睿語(yǔ)，在漫畫(huà)里他可敬地捉著(zhù)拴在皮帶里畏縮的老虎。

59 、abject or cringing submissiveness.───帶有媚態(tài)和奉承的順從。

60 、He frightens keep cringing, saw ghost similar for the good elephant.───他嚇得直哆嗦,就好象看到了鬼一樣.

61 、And then what is English Thinking? English Thinking is cringing at the sight of people eating dog meat in a restaurant.───“所謂英語(yǔ)思維,可以形象地比作看到人們在餐館里大饜狗肉時(shí),你不禁會(huì )激靈打個(gè)冷戰”。

62 、This little she makes me feel a little bit cringing now.─── 我內心的少女心讓我現在很慌亂

63 、I put Peggy to bed and set up her gifts around the tree and a sweet peace flooded me like a benediction.I had some hope a gain.I could even examine the sheaf of bills without cringing.───我安置好佩吉睡覺(jué)，將她的禮物放在圣誕樹(shù)的周?chē)?。一種甜蜜的寧靜籠罩著(zhù)我，像在給我祝福，我心里又燃起了希望。我甚至可以熹不畏懼地打開(kāi)那一疊賬單了。

64 、Cringing, sulking, lying down to be avoided.───萎縮、沉郁、放棄等現象都需要避免。

65 、The concentration of the suspended particles at transporting dregs was determined with a light scat cring dust meter constructing tunnel.───用光散射數字粉塵計對施工隧道裝運碴時(shí)顆粒物濃度進(jìn)行了測定。

66 、"Makelele was practising penalties yesterday after training," the Premier League-winning manager revealed, cringing, "and he missed two out of two!───"馬克萊萊在昨天的訓練結束后加練了點(diǎn)球，"英超冠軍教練邊透露到邊聳了聳肩，"但他兩次罰球都沒(méi)有中！"

67 、1.lowly; mean; humble; 2.servile; obsequious; cringing───低三下四

68 、Eyre was so sad that she shed bloody tears with curse on all the people in the village.She kept cring,"I trusted you so much.I was always trusting you.But now I hate you.───愛(ài)留下了血淚，血紅色的眼淚帶著(zhù)對全村的詛咒，她一直哭：我那么那么相信，相信你，我一直都相信的。

69 、Flatters are always bowing and cringing.───阿諛獻媚者必彎腿曲背。

讀呼嘯山莊英文讀后感

　導語(yǔ)：《呼嘯山莊》是英國女作家勃朗特姐妹之一艾米莉·勃朗特的作品，是19世紀英國文學(xué)的代表作之一。以下是我整理讀呼嘯山莊英文讀后感的資料，歡迎閱讀參考。

　Thoughts or reflections on reading Wuthering Heights

　The book was written by Emily Bronte, it published in 1847.But at that time, it seemed to hold little promise, selling very poorly and receiving only a few mixed reviews. I found this in our school library, I chose this book because the title attracted me. The book is structured around two parallel love stories, the first half of the novel centering on the love between Catherine and Heathcliff, while the less dramatic second half features the developing love between young Catherine and Hareton. In contrast to the first, the latter tale ends happily, restoring peace and order to Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. In the story, the two houses, Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange, represent opposing worlds and values.

　I spent twenty days reading this book. After reading this book, I felt for Heathcliff at first. Heathcliff begins his life as a homeless orphan on the streets of Liverpool, and then he tyrannized by Hindley Earnshaw. But he becomes a villain when he acquires power and returns to Wuthering Heights with money and the trappings of a gentleman. His malevolence proves so great and long—lasting. As he himself points out, his abuse of Isabella—his wife is purely sadistic, as he amuses himself by seeing how much abuse she can take and still come cringing back for more.

　Catherine represents wild nature, in both her high, lively spirits and her occasional cruelty. She loves Heathcliff so intensely that she claims they are the same person. However, her actions are driven in part by her social ambitions, which initially are awakened during her first stay at the Lintons, and which eventually compel her to marry Edgar. Catherine is free—spirited, beautiful, spoiled, and often arrogant, she is given to fits of temper, and she is torn between her both of the men who love her. The location of her coffin symbolizes the conflict that tears apart her short life. She is buried in a corner of the Kirkyard. In contrast to Catherine, Isabella Linton—Catherine’s sister—in—law represents culture and civilization, both in her refinement and in her weakness. Ultimately, she ruins her life by falling in love with Heathcliff. He never returns her feelings and treats her as a meretool in his quest for revenge on the Linton family.

　Just as Isabella Linton serves as Catherine’s foil, Edgar Linton serves as Heathcliff’s. Edgar grows into a tender, constant, but cowardly man. He is almost the ideal gentleman. However, this full assortment of gentlemanly characteristics, along with his civilized virtues, proves useless in Edgar’s clashes with his foil. He sees his wife obviously in love with another man but unable to do anything to rectify the situation. Heathcliff, who gains power over his wife, sister , and daughter.

　The whole story make people’s mood heavy. Fortunately, the end is happy.

　The author Emily Bronte lived an eccentric, closely guarded life. She was born in 1818, two years after Charlotte—the author of Jane Eyre and a year and a half before her sister Anne, who also became an author. Her father worked as a church rector, and her aunt, who raised the Bronte children after their mother died, was deeply religious. Emily Bronte did not take to her aunt’s Christian fervor, the character of Joseph, a caricature of an evangelical, may have been inspired by her aunt’s religiosity. The Brontes lived in Haworth, a Yorkshire village in the midst of the moors. These wild, desolate expanses—later the setting of Wuthering Heights—made up the Brontes daily environment, and Emily lived among them her entire life. She died in 1848, at the age of thirty.

　I like this book because it rest on the unforgettable characters. Wuthering Heights is based partly on the Gothic tradition, a style of literature that featured supernatural encounters, crumbling ruins, moonless nights, and grotesque imagery, seeking to create effects of mystery and fear. I would like to recommend this book to other readers.

　閱讀《呼嘯山莊》的想法或思考

　這本書(shū)的作者是艾米莉·勃朗特，出版于1847年。但當時(shí)，它似乎沒(méi)有什么承諾，銷(xiāo)售很差，只收到了一些褒貶不一的評論。我在學(xué)校圖書(shū)館找到了這個(gè)，我選了這本書(shū)，因為書(shū)名吸引了我。這本書(shū)的結構圍繞著(zhù)兩個(gè)平行的愛(ài)情故事，**的前半部分圍繞著(zhù)凱瑟琳和希斯克利夫之間的愛(ài)情，而沒(méi)有那么戲劇性的后半段則是年輕的凱瑟琳和哈里頓之間的愛(ài)情發(fā)展。與前者相反，后者的故事結局很愉快，恢復了《呼嘯山莊》和畫(huà)眉田莊的和平與秩序。在故事中，兩個(gè)房子，呼嘯山莊和畫(huà)眉山莊，代表著(zhù)相反的世界和價(jià)值觀(guān)。

　我花了二十天時(shí)間讀這本書(shū)?？赐赀@本書(shū)，我一開(kāi)始就覺(jué)得希刺克厲夫。希斯克利夫開(kāi)始了他在利物浦街頭無(wú)家可歸的孤兒的生活，然后他被辛德雷·恩肖統治。但當他獲得權力并帶著(zhù)金錢(qián)和紳士的派頭回到呼嘯山莊時(shí)，他就變成了一個(gè)惡棍。他的惡意證明是如此的偉大和持久。正如他自己指出的那樣，他虐待伊莎貝爾和mdash;他的妻子是純粹的虐待狂，因為他看到了她可以承受的虐待，并且還在為更多的東西而畏縮。

　凱瑟琳代表著(zhù)狂野的天性，她的高貴、活潑的精神和偶爾的殘酷。她非常愛(ài)希斯克利夫，她聲稱(chēng)他們是同一個(gè)人。然而，她的行動(dòng)部分是由于她的社會(huì )野心，最初是在她第一次在林頓的停留期間被喚醒，最終迫使她嫁給埃德加。凱瑟琳是自由的，精神上的`，美麗的，被寵壞的，經(jīng)常傲慢的，她的脾氣很好，她在她和愛(ài)她的男人之間被撕裂。她的棺木的位置象征著(zhù)她短暫的生命中撕裂的沖突。她被葬在教堂的一個(gè)角落里。與凱瑟琳相比，伊莎貝拉·林頓& mdash;catherine& rsquo;in—法律代表文化和文明，在她的文雅和她的弱點(diǎn)。最終，她愛(ài)上了希斯克利夫，從而毀了她的一生。他從不歸還她的感情，把她當作一個(gè)工具來(lái)報復林頓家。

　就在伊莎貝拉·林頓扮演凱瑟琳·林頓的陪襯時(shí)，埃德加·林頓扮演了希斯克利夫的角色。埃德加成長(cháng)為一個(gè)溫柔、堅定而又怯懦的人。他幾乎是理想的紳士。然而，這充分的紳士風(fēng)度，連同他的文明美德，在Edgar&rsquo的沖突中被證明是沒(méi)有用的。他看到他的妻子顯然愛(ài)上了另一個(gè)男人，但卻無(wú)法改變現狀。希斯克利夫對他的妻子、妹妹和女兒都有權力。

　整個(gè)故事使人心情沉重。幸運的是，結局是幸福的。

　作家艾米麗·勃朗特(Emily Bronte)過(guò)著(zhù)一種古怪而嚴密的生活。她出生在1818年，在夏洛蒂& mdash的兩年后，她是《簡(jiǎn)·愛(ài)》的作者，在她的姐姐安妮之前一年半，她也成為了作家。她的父親是一名教會(huì )牧師，她的姑姑在母親去世后撫養了勃朗特的孩子，她的父親篤信宗教。艾米莉·勃朗特不喜歡她的基督教狂熱，約瑟夫的性格，一種對福音的諷刺，可能是受到她的宗教信仰的啟發(fā)。勃朗特家族住在霍沃斯，這是摩爾人中間的一個(gè)約克郡村莊。這些荒涼、荒涼的移居者;后來(lái)的《呼嘯山莊》的背景，構成了勃朗特的日常環(huán)境，而埃米莉一生都生活在其中。她于1848年去世，年僅30歲。

　我喜歡這本書(shū)，因為它依賴(lài)于令人難忘的人物?！逗魢[山莊》(Wuthering Heights)部分基于哥特傳統，這是一部以超自然的偶遇、支離破碎的廢墟、無(wú)月之夜和怪誕意象為題材的文學(xué)作品，力圖創(chuàng )造出神秘與恐懼的效果。我想向其他讀者推薦這本書(shū)。

如何把這段簡(jiǎn)單的材料物盡其用

如何把這段簡(jiǎn)單的材料物盡其用

2016-06-09 英語(yǔ)學(xué)習筆記

這篇文章開(kāi)始擬的標題是“如果這樣學(xué)英語(yǔ)，想學(xué)不好都難”，后來(lái)想了想還是少點(diǎn)噱頭吧。不過(guò)這的確是我內心的想法，也是我一直在踐行的學(xué)習方法。我的英文基礎也很差，公共四級考了三次才勉強通過(guò)。憑著(zhù)我的小聰明，我一次考過(guò)了專(zhuān)四專(zhuān)八，后來(lái)有幸去美國讀TESL。我在學(xué)習英文的過(guò)程中走過(guò)不少彎路，同時(shí)我也覺(jué)得這些彎路是必不可少的訓練，根據我的學(xué)習經(jīng)驗和專(zhuān)業(yè)知識，我想把一些所謂的“技巧”分享給大家（向每個(gè)人學(xué)習也是一種學(xué)習方法）。還是那句話(huà)：具體怎么做不重要，重要的是為什么要這么做。

我一直都很推崇“從簡(jiǎn)單的英文中學(xué)一些地道的英文”。小詞往往更靈活更有“四兩撥千斤”的大用，我們在閱讀中常碰到的一些障礙也是這些熟悉的陌生人。這么說(shuō)倒不是說(shuō)那些“大詞”不重要 -- 詞匯量的積累是讓我們的表達更精確，不會(huì )因為詞匯的原因而限制了我們的思考。大詞小詞都要學(xué)習，雙管齊下，和平相處，要能寫(xiě)應試作文也要能寫(xiě)幽默的雙關(guān)段子。

在美國讀研的時(shí)候我在afterschool打過(guò)工，就是看小孩子寫(xiě)作業(yè)。讓我印象深刻也很受打擊的是一年級的小朋友雖然詞匯量有限，但是他們可以完成包含堪比GRE級別詞匯的科學(xué)作業(yè)。小學(xué)三年級的小朋友的表達清楚流利，可以獨立的通過(guò)電腦完成social study的作業(yè)，例如內戰的原因是什么，你如何評價(jià)這場(chǎng)戰爭。

有一天他們在看動(dòng)畫(huà)片，Curious George, 我發(fā)現我有很多地方都看不懂。但是這些孩子們看完之后就可以手舞足蹈，模仿地惟妙惟肖, 還能借題發(fā)揮聯(lián)系實(shí)際給我講故事。這是我第一次體驗到兒童的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習能力的強大，對我一個(gè)20多歲才開(kāi)始學(xué)英文的人來(lái)說(shuō)，暗羨不已，悔不當初。

其實(shí)也沒(méi)什么羨慕的，人家的英語(yǔ)是母語(yǔ)，理應如此，我小時(shí)候的中文能力也不比他們差。我們常會(huì )覺(jué)得：兒童學(xué)二外比成年人要快，過(guò)了puberty(12/14歲左右）, 語(yǔ)言學(xué)習能力就急劇下降。盡管這個(gè)結論在我們現實(shí)生活中也有一些例證，但是需要注意的是這個(gè)結論的前提: 年齡，語(yǔ)言環(huán)境，學(xué)習目的。這個(gè)結論的驗證也會(huì )涉及到其它領(lǐng)域，也有很多不同的聲音。

我認為我們成年人的優(yōu)勢也是不可低估的。我們有強大的母語(yǔ)系統支持（這個(gè)優(yōu)勢很多時(shí)候也是弱勢），在認知能力上也已經(jīng)成熟 -- 我們已經(jīng)懂了很多東西，我們可以對這一點(diǎn)加以利用。另外我們還要向孩子們學(xué)習，學(xué)習他們的“學(xué)習方法”: 沒(méi)有壓力，隨學(xué)隨用，手舞足蹈...... 我認為這些看起來(lái)很“幼稚”的方法是值得我們學(xué)習的。我們往往對語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習過(guò)于嚴肅和功利，我們更怕犯錯誤被嘲笑，更容易對簡(jiǎn)單的東西不屑一學(xué)。

Every act of conscious learning requires the willingness to suffer an injury to one's self-esteem. That is why young children, before they are aware of their own self-importance, learn so easily.

-- Thomas Szasz

這個(gè)月的讀書(shū)群中我把它設為了兒童文學(xué)專(zhuān)題，這一個(gè)月中我們會(huì )一起讀"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" "Alice's Adventure in Wonderland" "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory" "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone", 算是一次對英語(yǔ)學(xué)習的試驗 -- 像孩子一樣學(xué)英文，姿態(tài)放低，心情放松，但是更踏實(shí)更有效率。我希望可以把我的一些學(xué)習思路分享給更多的人：

我們需要經(jīng)常復習整理已學(xué)的知識，并且能夠把它們連接起來(lái)。

善用字典和搜索，讓自己“無(wú)意”中加深記憶，掌握知識。

多問(wèn)幾個(gè)“自己真的清楚這句話(huà)這個(gè)表達嗎？”經(jīng)常進(jìn)行自查。

分享給他人，教給他人是最好的檢驗學(xué)習的方法。

例如在The Wizard of Oz中，有這樣一句:

The waiting was tiresome and wearing, and at last they grew vexed that Ozshould treat them in so poor a fashion, after sending them to undergo hardships and slavery.

這段簡(jiǎn)單的英文中我們能學(xué)些什么？我根據這段話(huà)中的紅色標記部分分享一下我是如何物盡其用一段簡(jiǎn)單材料的。

「wear」

當我們想表達“等的不耐煩了，感到身心疲憊”的時(shí)候, tiresome and wearing是一個(gè)很好的表達。wear除了有“穿”的意思外還有什么意思？(例如wear a look of amazement, wear and tear)

wear out, wear down, wear off, wear thin, wear the pants是什么意思，如何使用？你有沒(méi)有聽(tīng)過(guò)這些表達？例如在上個(gè)月讀的1984中就有這樣的句子：

The sting of the catapult bullet had worn off.

His face, seen from below, looked coarse and worn, with pouches under the eyes and tired lines from nose to chin.

They wore them down by torture and solitude until they were despicable, cringing wretches, confessing whatever was put into their mouths, covering themselves with abuse, accusing and sheltering behind one another, whimpering for mercy.

通過(guò)這種“自查”，我可以溫故而知新，把一個(gè)詞掌握的更加牢固。查字典的過(guò)程中也會(huì )讀到wear, dress, put on的辨析。

「vex」

看到vex我的第一反應就是: 這個(gè)詞是《經(jīng)濟學(xué)人》偏愛(ài)的詞之一，必須掌握。我一下子想不到曾經(jīng)看過(guò)的具體的例句了但又非常想復習一下，我們就可以用google來(lái)搜索:

因為我經(jīng)常讀經(jīng)濟學(xué)人，看到標題我就大概知道我曾經(jīng)看過(guò)的那句話(huà)。在這個(gè)復習的過(guò)程中我“無(wú)意”地把新句子和老句子連接在了一起，印象更深刻，“無(wú)意”中就記住了這個(gè)詞和它的用法。

「should」

They grew vexed that Oz should treat them in so poor a fashion.

這句話(huà)中的should顯然不是“應該”的意思，我們可以猜到在這里可以理解為“竟然”，可是這是什么語(yǔ)法現象呢，為什么會(huì )這么用呢？

我的手頭有10多本和語(yǔ)法有關(guān)的書(shū)，在查這些語(yǔ)法書(shū)之前我先查一查should這個(gè)詞的用法，在我歐路加載的詞庫中有陳用儀先生的《英語(yǔ)常用詞疑難用法手冊》，其中就找到了答案：

借著(zhù)這次查閱的機會(huì )我把should這個(gè)詞條認真的看了一下，對這個(gè)詞的用法有了更深的了解。知道了這個(gè)用法后，以后讀到含有should這個(gè)詞的句子的時(shí)候，我會(huì )提醒自己進(jìn)行自查 -- 通過(guò)閱讀學(xué)語(yǔ)法，通過(guò)學(xué)語(yǔ)法輔助閱讀。

「in so poor a fashion」

They grew vexed that Oz should treat them in so poor a fashion.

這句話(huà)中的fashion是什么意思？我想到了上個(gè)月在讀Animal Farm時(shí)的句子:

Before long the other animals began to arrive and make themselves comfortable after their different fashions.

這里的fashion是“以...方式”的意思。

為什么是 in so poor a fashion, 而不是 in a so poor fashion呢？這讓我之前寫(xiě)過(guò)的一篇文章：語(yǔ)法 | 不定冠詞倒置

其中記錄了一個(gè)經(jīng)濟學(xué)人的句子：

France’s Marine Le Pen, leader of the National Front, has taken care not to strike too inflammatory a note, but said: “Our fears and warnings about the possible presence of jihadists among migrants have unfortunately now been turned into tangible reality.

通過(guò)翻閱一些資料和網(wǎng)絡(luò )搜索，我最終選擇了《葛傳椝英語(yǔ)慣用法》《英語(yǔ)閱讀參考手冊》和Michael Swan的Practical English Usage。其中Michael Swan的解釋是：

In a rather formal style, too can be used before adjective + a/an + noun.

It's too cold a day for tennis.

第14頁(yè)中提到:

After as, how, so, too and this/that meaning so, adjectives go before a/an. This structure is common in a formal style.

as/how/so/too/this/that + adjective + a/an +noun

I have as good a voice as you.

She is too polite a person to refuse.

I couldn't afford that big a car.

因為我之前碰到過(guò)類(lèi)似的問(wèn)題，我可以迅速的找到答案。這也是一個(gè)“天然”的復習方式。通過(guò)把這個(gè)知識點(diǎn)分享給群內的朋友，我記得更扎實(shí)了，下一次就可以順手拈來(lái)了。

以上就是這段話(huà)的學(xué)習。每天我都會(huì )針對不同的材料進(jìn)行這樣的學(xué)習，因為是持續的輸入，雖然忘的快（記不住是因為見(jiàn)的太少），但是重復的地方也很多，記住的會(huì )比忘掉的多。這個(gè)公眾號和我的微博上就是其中的一些產(chǎn)出。例如昨天我在群里的分享截圖：

讀書(shū)群內的一些分享

在印象筆記中以我自己習慣的方式零星的做的筆記：

平時(shí)閱讀中的一些零星，定期自查和復習

昨晚讀「小屁孩日記」時(shí)的筆記

還有一些在書(shū)上，便簽上，Kindle上的筆記和標記。我不喜歡抄寫(xiě)，我一般是能復制粘貼的就復制粘貼，怎么方便怎么來(lái)。當然，造句仿句還是要一個(gè)字一個(gè)字的打，這樣印象更加深刻。

看到我的這個(gè)所謂的方法，你可能會(huì )覺(jué)得“至于嗎” “怎么那么麻煩”?？雌饋?lái)費時(shí)間，但是實(shí)際上是在省時(shí)間，這是在做有用功。開(kāi)始的時(shí)候可能會(huì )慢一點(diǎn)，中間有一些麻煩，但是熟練了之后，就是幾分鐘的事情，而且這種習慣可以讓我們受益匪淺。

通過(guò)這篇文章我也想分享給大家最有效的學(xué)習方法：教別人。我自己學(xué)習起來(lái)是很快的，但是如果要讓我寫(xiě)下來(lái)分享給大家，這就需要我想的更全面更有條理一些。通過(guò)寫(xiě)作我整理了自己的思路，更重要的是在嘗試教別人的同時(shí)，我把目標知識又整理了一遍。只有如此，這個(gè)知識點(diǎn)才算是真正的掌握了。

另外要利用搜索，這個(gè)搜索不只是發(fā)生在網(wǎng)絡(luò )上，也可以發(fā)生在我們儲存的那些資料中和我們的大腦中。電腦是人腦的一個(gè)外接系統，兩者搭配使用將會(huì )使效率最大化。

例如我們在讀1984的時(shí)候，dingy這個(gè)詞就反復出現：

我當然不會(huì )每次出現都記一下，我是覺(jué)得這個(gè)詞出現的頻率很高就在iBooks里搜了一下:

如果一個(gè)詞我們見(jiàn)過(guò)了好幾次，那這就是屬于我們自己的高頻詞匯了，每一次相遇都是緣分。順手在google上搜一下經(jīng)濟學(xué)人中有沒(méi)有用到過(guò)這個(gè)詞：

電腦里有一些書(shū)的pdf和epub版，我試著(zhù)在mac的spotlight search中搜了一下:

發(fā)現在哈利波特系列的2,4,5,7中都有這個(gè)詞，在Catch 22這本書(shū)中也出現了3次，隨便翻了一翻其中的句子，這個(gè)詞就永遠的都記住了 -- 甚至會(huì )記得是在哪里見(jiàn)過(guò)這個(gè)詞。這個(gè)搜索過(guò)程和寫(xiě)這篇文章的過(guò)程也幫助我把它記住。

看起來(lái)毫不費力的學(xué)習背后是經(jīng)過(guò)探索琢磨出來(lái)的方法，這個(gè)方法具體怎么操作不重要，重要的是其中的思路。你或許記過(guò)許多漂亮的筆記，堅持打卡，但是有沒(méi)有想過(guò)反思和升級一下自己的思路？我們走出了一個(gè)comfort zone就會(huì )來(lái)到另一個(gè)comfort zone, 所以只有不斷的學(xué)習和反思，才有可能讓自己的努力更有效果。

這篇文章通過(guò)實(shí)際的操作展現了這個(gè)思路，它適用于聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)的訓練，其中變化需要根據你自己的學(xué)習情況綜合考慮 -- Great learners steal:)