?humanness

humanness發(fā)音

英：['hju:m?nn?s]　　美：['hju:m?n?s]

英：　　美：

humanness中文意思翻譯

n. 為人, 為人的資格, 人性

humanness詞形變化

動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式: humanized | 動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數: humanizes | 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞: humanized | 名詞: humanization | 動(dòng)詞現在分詞: humanizing |

humanness常見(jiàn)例句

1 、He is really a mere bookworm lacking human experience.───他真是個(gè)缺乏人生閱歷的書(shū)呆子。

2 、Only a man full of the milk of human kindness could have continued to befriend the proud and obstinate young man.───只有天性善良的人才會(huì )和這個(gè)性情高傲脾氣倔強的年輕人繼續交往。

3 、The potentialities of the human brain are inexhaustible.───人類(lèi)頭腦的潛力是無(wú)窮的。

4 、Human beings have learned out how to make magnet of cast iron.───人類(lèi)已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì )如何從生鐵制出磁鐵。

5 、Responsible managerial position in human resources.───人力資源方面負責管理的職務(wù)。

6 、It would be an entertaining change in human affairs to determine everything by minorities; they are almost always in the right.───凡事均由少數決定的話(huà)，人類(lèi)的事情將會(huì )是引人入勝變化吧; 幾乎老是少數派有道理的嘛。

7 、All kinds of human experience testify to the close link between love and fear.───人類(lèi)的種種經(jīng)驗都證明了愛(ài)與怕之間的緊密聯(lián)系。

8 、A human hair consists mainly of a protein called Keratin. It also contains some moisture and the trace metals and minerals found in the rest of the body.───人類(lèi)的頭發(fā)主要由一種叫角朊的蛋白質(zhì)組成，并含有水分及在身體其他部分也可找到的微量金屬和礦物質(zhì)。

9 、Sexual relations between a human being and an animal.───**性關(guān)系人與獸之間的性關(guān)系

10 、His protests on human rights sound hollow.───他就人權問(wèn)題提出的抗議聽(tīng)來(lái)很空洞。

11 、A human being considered with respect to his or her physical, as opposed to spiritual, nature.───獸性，動(dòng)物性一個(gè)人身體方面的特性，與精神和性情相對的方面

12 、He sees that human stupidity and greed are about to plunge Europe into chaos.───他看到人間的愚蠢和貪婪即將使歐洲陷入一片混亂。

13 、Human biological rhythms are related to the natural cycle of day and night.───人的生物節奏與晝夜的自然循環(huán)有關(guān)。

14 、A life-size full or partial representation of the human body, used for the fitting or displaying of clothes; a dummy.───人體模型如真人大小的、全身或半身的人體模型，用于量試衣服是否合適或展示服裝; 人體模型

15 、He took a mournful view on human affairs.───他對人世持悲觀(guān)的態(tài)度。

16 、The human brain contains several billion nerve cells, which are connected with one another by fine nerves.───人類(lèi)的大腦含有幾十億個(gè)神經(jīng)細胞，這些細胞由纖細的神經(jīng)將彼此連接起來(lái)。

17 、The enemy of human happiness is always lying at lurch.───人類(lèi)幸福的大敵總是伺機進(jìn)行破壞的。

18 、If so, we are more human than any human ever will be.─── 如果是的話(huà)那我們就比所有人類(lèi)更加人類(lèi)

19 、Interpreting reality exclusively in terms of human values and experience.───人類(lèi)解釋宇宙說(shuō)的完全以人類(lèi)的價(jià)值標準和經(jīng)驗解釋宇宙存在的

20 、There are many aqueducts in the human body.───人的身上有許多導管。

21 、The totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought.───人類(lèi)文化通過(guò)社會(huì )傳導的行為方式、藝術(shù)、信仰、風(fēng)俗以及人類(lèi)工作和思想的所有其它產(chǎn)物的整體

22 、A degraded and squalid class or state of human existence.───下等階層人類(lèi)生活中一種墮落的，邋遢的階層或狀態(tài)

23 、The most melancholy of human reflections, perhaps, is that, on the whole, it is a question whether the benevolence of man does most harm or good.───人類(lèi)思考的最大的憂(yōu)郁，也許是：大體上，人的慈善行為究竟有益抑或更為有害，是一則疑問(wèn)。

24 、All these ruins, all these remains are monuments to human creativity, human ambitions, human hopes.─── 這些遺跡和廢墟都是豐碑 彰顯人類(lèi)的創(chuàng )造力 雄心壯志 以及美好希冀

25 、He was destitute of human feelings.───他毫無(wú)人的感情。

26 、A Titan who was the father of Prometheus and Atlas and an ancestor of the human race.───伊阿珀托斯一個(gè)提坦巨人，是普羅米修斯和阿特拉斯的父親，而且是人類(lèi)的祖先

27 、A side view of an object or a structure, especially of the human head.───側面從側面觀(guān)看的物體或構造，尤指人的腦袋

28 、He was the only human being on the island.───他是那個(gè)島上唯一的人。

29 、Human desires are not always fulfilled.───人的欲望是永遠無(wú)法滿(mǎn)足的。

30 、Human tissue is made up of cells.───人體的組織是由細胞構成的。

31 、It is not humanly possible (ie A human is not able) to lift the weight.───人舉不起這樣的重量。

32 、Human brains have more than 100 million cells per cubic centimeter.───人腦每立方公分有一億多個(gè)細胞。

33 、The study of human body measurement for use in anthropological classification and comparison.───人體測量學(xué)對人體測量的研究，用于人類(lèi)學(xué)的分類(lèi)和比較

34 、CO is not readily perceived by the human senses.───一氧化碳不易被人的感覺(jué)器官所覺(jué)察。

35 、There are many humorous allusions to human foibles in the drama.───劇中多處幽默地提到人類(lèi)的弱點(diǎn)。

36 、Human beings considered as a group; the human race.───人類(lèi)作為整體來(lái)講的人類(lèi); 人類(lèi)

37 、A case could be made out that it's more human to kill off these wild kangaroos.───人們可以提出理由，即殺光這些野袋鼠更為人道。

38 、A five-year plan unveiled by the Human Resources Administration last month promises beefed–up services to homeless families and better accommodations.───上月人力資源局所發(fā)表的一項五年計劃，將要加強對流離失所家庭的服務(wù)，并給予較好的安置。

39 、But that's not human nature, not the human heart.─── 但這并非人類(lèi)的天性 也不是出自本意

40 、The crisis we face today are created by humans and what is created by humans can be changed by humans.─── 我們今天面臨的危機 是由人類(lèi)造成的 而被人類(lèi)創(chuàng )造出來(lái)的東西 也能被人類(lèi)改變

41 、Human dignity was denied and trampled upon.───人的尊嚴遭到了蔑視和踐踏。

42 、If they had any respect for human life they wouldn't do such terrible things.───他們如果還顧及人的生命就不會(huì )做出這樣可怕的事來(lái)。

43 、Only human beings are capable of speech.───只有人類(lèi)才具有說(shuō)話(huà)的能力。

44 、Should another world war break out, what would become of human beings?───萬(wàn)一另一次世界大戰爆發(fā)，人類(lèi)將會(huì )發(fā)生什么事？

45 、Human ecology is a branch of social science.───人文生態(tài)學(xué)是社會(huì )科學(xué)的一個(gè)分支。

46 、The three most important events of human life are equally devoid of reason: birth, marriage, and death.───人生三件大事——出生、結婚以及死亡——都是全無(wú)道理可言的。

47 、The Rev.Lawrence Lucas is way out of line. His blatantly anti-Semitic statements Monday were not the stuff of tempered judgment. Or of moral leadership. Or of human sensitivity.───盧卡斯牧師太過(guò)離譜。他星期一大言不慚地發(fā)表反對猶太人的談話(huà)，不免偏激。既非道德楷模，也不顧他人感受。

48 、The belief that the sole moral obligation of humankind is the improvement of human welfare.───人道主義，博愛(ài)主義認為人類(lèi)唯一的道義責任是提高人類(lèi)福利的信仰

49 、So you are a human who cares about other humans.─── 所以你確實(shí)是個(gè)關(guān)心他人的人

50 、One of his frailties of human nature is laziness.───他的弱點(diǎn)之一是懶惰。

51 、A human being is an ingenious assembly of portable plumbing.───人類(lèi)，是一堆可以隨意拆卸的鉛管零件的巧妙裝配。

52 、And become a human doctor for humans.─── 來(lái)成為一個(gè)醫治人類(lèi)的人類(lèi)醫生

53 、The human being struggles with his environment.───人類(lèi)和環(huán)境競爭。

54 、A representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by human or automatic means.───事實(shí)、概念或指令按某一規格化方式的一種表示，適于人或自動(dòng)裝置進(jìn)行通信、解釋或處理。

55 、The Human Genome Project has several objectives.───人類(lèi)基因組計劃有若干目標。

56 、I have the germs of every human infirmity in me.───人類(lèi)所有的毛病在我身上都有發(fā)生的可能。

57 、The doctrine that the human being is purely animal with no spiritual nature.───人即獸理論主張人是純粹的野獸，沒(méi)有精神活動(dòng)的理論

58 、How long can a human being go (ie survive) without food?───人不吃東西能活多久?

59 、Everything you say seems to be pervaded with a mistrust of the human race.───你說(shuō)的一切似乎都滲透了對人類(lèi)的不信任。

60 、He thinks that the Second World War was the worst blood bath in human history.───他認為第二次世界大戰是人類(lèi)歷史上最慘重的大屠殺。

61 、The invention of writing was the most revolutionary of all human inventions.───書(shū)寫(xiě)是人類(lèi)各種發(fā)明中最具有革命性的。

62 、He disliked the litter of human dwellings.───他不喜歡住處搞得亂七八糟。

63 、Is the human race threatened with complete extinction?───人類(lèi)是否會(huì )受到完全滅絕的威脅呢？

64 、The October Revolution was a turning-point in human history.───十月革命是人類(lèi)歷史的一個(gè)轉折點(diǎn)。

65 、The issue of human rights is widely agitated.───人權問(wèn)題引起廣泛而激烈的辯論。

66 、All wealth comes ultimately from human labor.───一切財富歸根到底來(lái)源於人類(lèi)的勞動(dòng)。

67 、They listened to his discourse on human relations.───他們聽(tīng)他作關(guān)于人際關(guān)系的演講。

68 、Can a policemen possibly enjoy weltering in the dirty side of human behavior?───一個(gè)警察整天和人類(lèi)行為的丑惡面打交道，能感到津津有味嗎？

69 、History is a reservoir of human experience.───歷史是人類(lèi)經(jīng)歷的總匯。

70 、Human Being can subdue the nature.───人能夠征服自然。

71 、Human life and turnip remain cheap and plentiful.───人命與蘿卜依然是多而且便宜。

72 、Human beings are moral individuals.───人是有辨別是非能力的。

73 、NATO's invasion of this independent country is a brutal violation of human rights.───北約對這個(gè)獨立的國家的侵略是對人權的野蠻侵犯。

74 、They were upgraded humans, but they were still humans.─── 他們是升級人類(lèi) 但依然只是人類(lèi)

75 、Will 2003 be the year of the first human clone?───人類(lèi)第一個(gè)克隆人會(huì )在2003年誕生嗎?

76 、Because in order to develop their full human potential, the brains of our human babies need the stimulation of other humans.─── 為了完全激發(fā)出人類(lèi)的潛能 人類(lèi)孩子的大腦 需要其他人類(lèi)的*

77 、A joint, as of a bird or quadruped, corresponding to the human elbow.───關(guān)節，肘部鳥(niǎo)或四肢動(dòng)物的關(guān)節，相當于人的肘

78 、The human body is a very complicated organization.───人體是一個(gè)非常復雜的有機體。

79 、A full-scale nuclear war could lead to the annihilation of the human race.───全面的核子戰爭能導致人類(lèi)的滅絕。

80 、Concern for human welfare, especially as manifested through philanthropy.───人道主義，博愛(ài)精神對人類(lèi)福利的關(guān)注，尤指通過(guò)慈善活動(dòng)表現出來(lái)的

81 、A human being has the vestige of a tail.───人類(lèi)仍有尾巴退化的痕跡。

82 、When a human being interacts with something that looks like a human being, they're incapable of remembering that it is, in fact, not a human.─── 當人類(lèi)跟一個(gè)看起來(lái)像人類(lèi)的 物體互動(dòng)的時(shí)候 他們很難記住 這件物體 實(shí)際上 并不是人類(lèi)

83 、Human beings are creative animals.───人類(lèi)是有創(chuàng )造力的動(dòng)物

84 、The condition or quality of being human; humanness.───為人的資格成為人的條件和品質(zhì)；人

85 、Speeches distinguish human beings from animals.───人類(lèi)和動(dòng)物的區別在于人會(huì )說(shuō)話(huà)。

86 、Human beings are social animals.───人是社會(huì )性的動(dòng)物。

87 、Perhaps it is our human nature to be nostalgic.───也許是人類(lèi)天生有一種思古之幽情。

88 、You're more human than most humans I know.─── 你比我認識的大部分人類(lèi)更有人性

89 、How many acupuncture points are there in the human body?───人體有多少穴位?

90 、The study of the characteristics of human populations, such as size, growth, density, distribution, and vital statistics.───人口統計學(xué)對人口特征，例如數量、增長(cháng)情況、密度、分布和人口動(dòng)態(tài)統計等進(jìn)行研究的學(xué)科

簡(jiǎn)述人本主義理論

問(wèn)題一：簡(jiǎn)述人本主義學(xué)習理論？ 人本 主 義 心理學(xué)源于02世紀05年代的美國，其主要代表人物是馬斯洛

(A.Maslow)和羅杰斯(C.R.Rogers).與以行為主義心理學(xué)為基礎的程序教學(xué)

運動(dòng)和以認知心理學(xué)為基礎的學(xué)科結構一起，被稱(chēng)作20世紀的三大教學(xué)運動(dòng)。

一、人本主義學(xué)習理論的內涵

人本 主 義 最核心的思想就是認為人性來(lái)自自然，自然人性即人的本性，反對

將人的心理低俗化、動(dòng)物化，強調人是自然實(shí)體而非社會(huì )實(shí)體。這同以往的精神

分析學(xué)派和行為主義學(xué)派相對立，因此也被稱(chēng)作心理學(xué)中的第三思潮。

人本 主 義 心理學(xué)家根據人類(lèi)自身的發(fā)展特點(diǎn)，提出了人本主義的教育目標:

培養能夠適應變化的、知道如何學(xué)習的、個(gè)性充分發(fā)展的人。我國的素質(zhì)教育強

調尊重、關(guān)心、理解、信任每一個(gè)學(xué)生，尤其強調培養有創(chuàng )新精神和實(shí)踐能力的

人。盡管人本主義教育與我國素質(zhì)教育的理論背景和理論依據有差異，但二者所

倡導的教育目標在很大程度上是一致的。人本主義教育與我國推行的素質(zhì)教育從

教育的培養目標到教育教學(xué)的原則、方法等都強調以人為本，主張人的全面發(fā)展，

重視學(xué)生的認知、情感、興趣、動(dòng)機以及潛能的發(fā)揮，把學(xué)生看成是學(xué)習的主人，

教師是激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習的促進(jìn)者、指導者。同時(shí)，人本主義教育強調師生關(guān)系和諧、

平等，并重視意義學(xué)習，使學(xué)生的學(xué)習充滿(mǎn)樂(lè )趣。因此，有西方教育學(xué)者認為，

當代人本主義教育已成為當今教育之主流，未來(lái)教育之趨勢。在教育教學(xué)內容上，

人本主義教育主張不僅要重視智育、德育、美育、體育，而且要重視學(xué)生的情感

和意志的培養教育;在教育教學(xué)方法上，人本主義教育主張堅持學(xué)生的主體地位，

采用多樣化的教育方法，如自我教育法、陶冶教育法、暗示教育法、活動(dòng)教育法

問(wèn)題二：人本主義學(xué)習理論的主要觀(guān)點(diǎn)是什么？ 一、主要觀(guān)點(diǎn)　　人本主義學(xué)習理論強調學(xué)生自主學(xué)習，自主建構知識意義，強調協(xié)作學(xué)習。與建構主義不同，它更強調以人的發(fā)展為本，即強調學(xué)生的自我發(fā)展，強調發(fā)掘人的創(chuàng )造潛能，強調情感教育。人本主義學(xué)習理論主要可以分為五大觀(guān)點(diǎn)：即潛能觀(guān)、自我實(shí)現觀(guān)、創(chuàng )造觀(guān)、情感因素觀(guān)與師生觀(guān)?！　?、潛能觀(guān)　　人本主義理論認為：在學(xué)習與工作上人人都有潛在能力?？上У氖沁@種潛能沒(méi)有充分釋放出來(lái)。教育本身就要努力去發(fā)掘學(xué)生的潛在能力。所以人本主義理論研究的重點(diǎn)是在于怎樣通過(guò)教育來(lái)發(fā)掘每個(gè)學(xué)生的潛能。從這個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)出發(fā)，人本主義一方面強調學(xué)習要以學(xué)生為主體但也重視教師在這個(gè)過(guò)程中發(fā)揮主導作用，而這個(gè)主導作用在于怎樣去發(fā)掘學(xué)生的潛能?！　?、自我實(shí)現觀(guān)（也叫自我發(fā)展觀(guān)）　　人本主義理論高度重視學(xué)生的個(gè)性差異和個(gè)人價(jià)值觀(guān)；強調學(xué)生自我實(shí)現（發(fā)展），把學(xué)生的自我實(shí)現作為教學(xué)的目標。但由于人的知識水平、接受能力、興趣愛(ài)好，學(xué)習方法和學(xué)習習慣的不同，所以存在個(gè)性差異，教師在教學(xué)中，應該根據每個(gè)不同的學(xué)生的個(gè)性差異，進(jìn)行因材施教，為不同學(xué)生創(chuàng )設不同的學(xué)習條件，使得不同的學(xué)生都能得到自由發(fā)揮，滿(mǎn)足不同的個(gè)性需求，讓學(xué)生認識自身價(jià)值，促進(jìn)他們自身的發(fā)展　　3、創(chuàng )造觀(guān)　　人本主義與建構主義一樣在知識與能力之間，崇尚學(xué)生能力的培養，并把創(chuàng )造力作為教學(xué)的核心問(wèn)題。羅杰斯指出：人人有創(chuàng )造力，至少有創(chuàng )造力的潛能，人應該主動(dòng)地發(fā)展這些潛能。并認為：不應該把創(chuàng )造力看成某些專(zhuān)家的特權。而布魯姆也認為應該研究大多數人的潛能和創(chuàng )造力?！　?、情感因素觀(guān)　　學(xué)習中的情感因素，包括發(fā)掘學(xué)生潛能，發(fā)展學(xué)生創(chuàng )造力都有密切關(guān)系。對這一點(diǎn)，人本主義給予特別重視，認為學(xué)習是學(xué)生個(gè)人主動(dòng)發(fā)起的（不是被動(dòng)地等待 *** ）。個(gè)人對學(xué)習的整體投入，不但涉及認知能力，而且涉及情感、行為等等方面。學(xué)生對學(xué)習興趣很濃，目標明確，是十分重要的情感因素，教師必須充分地為學(xué)生創(chuàng )設良好的學(xué)習環(huán)境，把學(xué)生充分吸引到學(xué)習的情境中來(lái)，并長(cháng)時(shí)期堅持下去。這種情感因素的創(chuàng )造，一要教師積極引導，二要積極進(jìn)行鼓勵，三要創(chuàng )設良好的學(xué)習環(huán)境?！　?、師生觀(guān)　　人本主義更重視師生**觀(guān)；師生之間的關(guān)系也是以情感為紐帶，維持一種寬松、和諧、民主、平等的學(xué)習氛圍，建立起一種良好的人際關(guān)系與和諧的學(xué)習氛圍。教師應該平等地對待每一個(gè)學(xué)生，根據學(xué)生的個(gè)體差異，相信學(xué)生，尊重學(xué)生，在教學(xué)過(guò)程中要構建民主、平等、和諧的師生關(guān)系，使學(xué)生在學(xué)習中沒(méi)有感到壓抑或負擔，讓學(xué)生在學(xué)習中真正做到學(xué)得主動(dòng)積極和生動(dòng)活潑。教師由主宰者、權威變成學(xué)生的指導者和朋友，由教變成導，這樣才能讓學(xué)生的學(xué)變成真正的自主參與?！　《?、人本主義學(xué)習觀(guān)的內涵與啟示　　人本主義的學(xué)習理論的內涵體現在教學(xué)理論上，就是以學(xué)生為中心，鼓勵學(xué)生積極主動(dòng)地學(xué)習?！　∈紫?，人本主義學(xué)習理論的教育目標是培養學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì )學(xué)習，從而達到自我實(shí)現?！　∑浯?，人本主義學(xué)習理論主張學(xué)生在教育中的主體地位，強調在教學(xué)過(guò)程中讓學(xué)生保持和產(chǎn)生好奇心，以自己的興趣為導向去探究任何未知領(lǐng)域，意識到一切事物都是變化的、發(fā)展的?！　≡俅?，人本主義學(xué)習理論認為教師僅僅是學(xué)生學(xué)習的促進(jìn)者。作為促進(jìn)者的教師的首要任務(wù)不是教而是促,允許學(xué)生自由學(xué)習和滿(mǎn)足自己的好奇心?！　‰S著(zhù)經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展、國際間信息交流的融合，社會(huì )對人才的要求以從單一化逐漸走向了多元化，即在注重知識技能掌握的同時(shí)更加關(guān)注人的創(chuàng )造才能和創(chuàng )新才能的發(fā)揮。在這樣的形勢下,重新認識人本主義學(xué)習理論基本思想價(jià)值,相信對我國人才模式的培養具有一定的指導、借鑒作用。對于當前時(shí)期人才培養......>>

問(wèn)題三：簡(jiǎn)述人本主義學(xué)派的主要理論 人本主義主張，心理學(xué)應當把人作為一個(gè)整體來(lái)研究，而不是將人的心理肢解為不完整的幾個(gè)部分，應該研究正常的人，而且更應該關(guān)注人的高級心理活動(dòng)，如熱情、信念、生命、尊嚴等內容。人本主義的學(xué)習理論從全人教育的視角闡釋了學(xué)習者整個(gè)人的成長(cháng)歷程，以發(fā)展人性

問(wèn)題四：人本主義的基本理論 1、人性本善論

人性本善論是人本主義心理學(xué)基本的人性觀(guān)，也是人本主義的動(dòng)機論與人格論的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和理論支柱。它認為人的天性中就有實(shí)現自己的潛能和滿(mǎn)足人的基本需要的傾向。動(dòng)物在向人進(jìn)化的過(guò)程中，就顯出人性的自然性的一面即友愛(ài)、合作和創(chuàng )造等潛能。

他們認為，在適當的成長(cháng)和自我實(shí)現的環(huán)境中，人性是善良的，至少表現為中性。人性的惡是由于基本需要未被滿(mǎn)足，自我實(shí)現的環(huán)境被破壞而引起的。羅洛・梅還認為人性既善也惡。正是因為善與惡、美與丑、快樂(lè )與痛苦等積極與消極的這種兩極辯證關(guān)系才使人生有了動(dòng)力和深度。另外，馬斯洛還提出愛(ài)是人類(lèi)的本性，是一種健康的感情關(guān)系，需要雙方相互理解和接受。

2、需要層次理論

需要層次論（need hierarchy theory）是人本主義心理學(xué)的一種動(dòng)機理論，馬斯洛認為，動(dòng)機是人類(lèi)生存和發(fā)展的內在動(dòng)力，需要是產(chǎn)生動(dòng)機的源泉。需要的強度決定著(zhù)動(dòng)機的強度，但只有最為強烈的需要才形成人們的主要動(dòng)機。

馬斯洛還將需要分為兩類(lèi)：一類(lèi)是人的基本需要（basic needs），有生理需要、安全需要、歸屬與愛(ài)的需要和尊重的需要。這類(lèi)需要是人的低層次需要，經(jīng)歷著(zhù)由低到高的發(fā)展過(guò)程，較低層次的需要得到滿(mǎn)足后，人們才會(huì )產(chǎn)生新的高一層次的需要，這些需要得到滿(mǎn)足后就停止需要；第二類(lèi)需要是心理需要(psychological needs)，包括人的認知需要、美的需要和自我實(shí)現的需要。這些需要是人的高級需要。與低級需要不同的是，這類(lèi)需要越被滿(mǎn)足就越產(chǎn)生更強的需要，沒(méi)有嚴格的等級高低關(guān)系。馬斯洛龔張，低層次需要是高層次需要的基礎，各層次需要的產(chǎn)生與人的發(fā)育階段密切相關(guān)。

3、自我實(shí)現論

自我實(shí)現論（self-actualization theory）是人本主義心理學(xué)個(gè)性發(fā)展理論的核心。理論認為，人的自我實(shí)現是完滿(mǎn)人性（full humanness）的實(shí)現和個(gè)人潛能（personal potency）或特性(feature)的實(shí)現，前者是作為人類(lèi)共性的潛能的自我實(shí)現，后者是作為個(gè)體差異的個(gè)人潛能的自我實(shí)現。馬斯洛認為，自我實(shí)現是人的最高動(dòng)機，它是以人的生理需要等基本需要為物質(zhì)基礎的。馬斯洛的需要層次理論成為自我實(shí)現論的心理動(dòng)力學(xué)基礎。他還提出高峰體驗（peak experience）的概念，它是人們進(jìn)入自我實(shí)現和超越自我狀態(tài)時(shí)感受到的一種非?；磉_與極樂(lè )的瞬時(shí)體驗。高峰體驗是通向自我實(shí)現的重要途徑。

另外，羅杰斯通過(guò)研究還提出了教育改革論，主要以學(xué)生為中心的教學(xué)模式。同樣的人本主義思想還體現在他的心理治療方法上，與精神分析心理學(xué)不同，他認為應通過(guò)患者的自我理解產(chǎn)生自我指導的行為達到糾正不正常行為的目的。

問(wèn)題五：簡(jiǎn)述人本主義心理學(xué)的四項基本原則 1．人本主義心理學(xué)的自我同一性原則

教育應該使學(xué)生尋找內在的同一性，減少或消除學(xué)生內心的矛盾和精神上的分裂。并且幫助學(xué)生認識到自我與非我的統一，即個(gè)人與社會(huì )和自然的統一。

2．人本主義心理學(xué)的啟發(fā)性原則

此原則主要是為了激發(fā)和培養學(xué)生的創(chuàng )造性。不僅要通過(guò)知識教育來(lái)培養學(xué)生的理性控制、邏輯思維等，更重要的是通過(guò)情感交流、優(yōu)美人格的形成、自我的充分自由的體現等活動(dòng)來(lái)激發(fā)學(xué)生的非智力因素。

3．人本主義心理學(xué)的美育原則

重視音樂(lè )、舞蹈、美術(shù)等藝術(shù)教育。

4．人本主義心理學(xué)的超越性原則

對自我的超越，即超越自私，超越自我中心，從而達到忘我的境界。此外，還有對文化的超越，能夠以某種超脫的和客觀(guān)的態(tài)度對自己出身于其中的文化進(jìn)行審查，就是要培養一種具有批判精神的人。

5．人本主義心理學(xué)的價(jià)值原則

教育應使學(xué)生獲得價(jià)值感，應該挖掘、激發(fā)學(xué)生的內在價(jià)值，使受教育者獲得生存的意義。

6．人本主義心理學(xué)的基本觀(guān)點(diǎn)

人本主義心理學(xué)(humanistic psychology)是20世紀五六十年代興起于美國的一種心理學(xué)思潮，是繼行為主義和精神分析的第三大勢力。主要代表人物是亞伯拉罕?馬斯洛(Abraham Maslow)和卡爾?羅杰斯(Carl Rogers)。其學(xué)習觀(guān)與教學(xué)觀(guān)深刻地影響了世界范圍內的教育改革，是與程序教學(xué)運動(dòng)、學(xué)科結構運動(dòng)齊名的20世紀三大教學(xué)運動(dòng)之一。

問(wèn)題六：簡(jiǎn)述人本主義和認知派的意義學(xué)習理論存在的區別 認知主義學(xué)習理論與行為主義學(xué)習理論相對立，源自于格式塔學(xué)派的認知主義學(xué)習論，經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間的沉寂之后，再度復蘇。從20世紀50年代中期之后，隨著(zhù)布魯納、奧蘇貝爾等一批認知心理學(xué)家的大量創(chuàng )造性的工作，使學(xué)習理論的研究自桑代克之后又進(jìn)入了一個(gè)輝煌時(shí)期。他們認為，學(xué)習就是面對當前的問(wèn)題情境，在內心經(jīng)過(guò)積極的組織，從而形成和發(fā)展認知結構的過(guò)程，強調 *** 反應之間的聯(lián)系是以意識為中介的，強調認知過(guò)程的重要性。因此，使認知主義的學(xué)習論在學(xué)習理論的研究中開(kāi)始占據主導地位。

問(wèn)題七：人本主義理論主要代表人物有哪些 你好，人本主義心理學(xué)即題主所說(shuō)的人本主義，是一個(gè)有重要影響的心理學(xué)流派。馬斯洛、羅杰斯是其主要代表人物。

問(wèn)題八：論述人本主義精神 人本主義的基本意識指以人為萬(wàn)物的尺度，強調人的價(jià)值尊嚴和自由，是以人為中心和準則的哲學(xué)。追溯人本主義的歷史根源我們發(fā)現從公元前5世紀，希臘就形成人本主議哲學(xué)思想，主要是由早期思想的注重外在自然轉向智者學(xué)派的注重人本身，確立人是萬(wàn)物的主體認識論和價(jià)值觀(guān);在文藝復興和宗教改革時(shí)期，則以人文主義形式表現出來(lái)，并且在人本主義和神本主義的狹縫中產(chǎn)生。以普羅泰戈拉為代表的學(xué)者主張以人為中心，強調人的獨立性和價(jià)值，主張把人從神的統治下解放出來(lái)，主張個(gè)性解放，肯定個(gè)人的價(jià)值、尊嚴和自由，反對禁欲主義，痛斥經(jīng)院哲學(xué)，否認教會(huì )和封建特權，提倡理性;到了18世紀，則以人道主義形式表現，以自然主義的人性論作為理論基礎，提出自由平等，博愛(ài)的人本主義思想，其核心是人權，重視人的生命，主要包括兩個(gè)層面:一、同個(gè)體自我意識相聯(lián)系，強調尊重人的生命本身，尊重和愛(ài)護他人;二、與同類(lèi)意識相聯(lián)系，強調作為類(lèi)的一員的光榮與責任，強調自由、平等、博愛(ài)，并為人類(lèi)的幸福和獨立而斗爭;從19世紀中葉以來(lái)，以費爾巴哈為代表的學(xué)者構建了生物學(xué)人本主義，強調人對自然界、他人及社會(huì )的依賴(lài);而以叔本華、尼采、弗洛依德、柏格森、薩特等代表的一批學(xué)者，則主張非理性人本主義，強調人與生存環(huán)境的矛盾;而馬克思則認為人有自然屬性(強調人類(lèi)主體地位的確立，科學(xué)主義精神弘揚);社會(huì )屬性(強調合理人個(gè)主義和集體主義原則)和精神屬性(強調人自身物質(zhì)享受和精神追求的協(xié)調發(fā)展);到了20世紀中葉，人本主義則以人權主義的形式表現的更為深刻，出現了反主體主義，他們強調天人合一的思想和非理性主義，他們則從人性的角度出發(fā)和思考問(wèn)題。

問(wèn)題九：簡(jiǎn)述一下弗洛伊德的理論和人本主義以及區別 弗洛伊德從心理學(xué)的視點(diǎn)認為主要認為人格結構由本我（ID）、自我（ego）、超我（superego）三部分組成。 本我（ID），即原我，是指原始的自己，包含生存所需的基本欲望、沖動(dòng)和生命力。 自我（ego），其德文原意即是指“自己”，是自己可意識到的執行思考、感覺(jué)、判斷或記憶的部分，自我的機能是尋求“本我”沖動(dòng)得以滿(mǎn)足，而同時(shí)保護整個(gè)機體不受傷害，它遵循的是“現實(shí)原則”，為本我服務(wù)。 超我（superego），是人格結構中代表理想的部分，它是個(gè)體在成長(cháng)過(guò)程中通過(guò)內化道德規范，內化社會(huì )及文化環(huán)境的價(jià)值觀(guān)念而形成，其機能主要在監督、批判及管束自己的行為。 人本主義心理學(xué)家認為心理學(xué)應著(zhù)重研究人的價(jià)值和人格發(fā)展，人本主義是德文Anthropologi *** us的意譯，又譯人本學(xué)。希臘文詞源antropos和logos，意為人和學(xué)說(shuō)。通常指人本學(xué)唯物主義，是一種把人生物化的形而上學(xué)唯物主義學(xué)說(shuō)。 人本主義和弗洛伊德的理論最主要區別是人本主義反對弗洛伊德的理論中意識經(jīng)驗還原為基本驅力或防御機制。

麻煩采納，謝謝!

問(wèn)題十：人本主義教學(xué)理論的基本簡(jiǎn)介 人本主義心理學(xué)是20世紀五六十年代在美國興起的一種心理學(xué)思潮，其主要代表人物是馬斯洛(A.Maslow)和羅杰斯(C.R.Rogers)。人本主義學(xué)習觀(guān)與教學(xué)觀(guān)深刻地影響了世界范圍內的教育改革，是與程序教學(xué)運動(dòng)、學(xué)科結構運動(dòng)齊名的20世紀三大教學(xué)運動(dòng)之一。美國人本主義心理學(xué)家羅杰斯的非指導性教學(xué)就是這一流派的代表。

公司簡(jiǎn)介英文版模板

　公司簡(jiǎn)介英文版模板是什么樣的?下面由我為你提供的公司簡(jiǎn)介英文版模板，希望能幫到你。

　公司簡(jiǎn)介英文版模板(一)

　China Oil HBP Science & Technology Corporation Ltd (hereinafter referred to as HBP) is a stockholding-system new and high-tech enterprise approved by Beijing City Government and listed in Shenzhen Stock Exchange successfully. The company is mainly engaged in the development, production and marketing of oil, gas and water separator, heater, electric dehydrator, natural gas filter separator, cyclone separator, filter, dosing device and such surface process equipment and oilfield environmental-protection services, such as oily sludge treatment process proposal, tank cleaning process proposal, oily sewage treatment process proposal. The company has abundant software and hardware strength and first-class new and high-tech product researchers and Level A1 & A2 pressure vessel design qualifications and Class GC pressure pipe design qualification, so it constitutes a pattern of production, research and sales, and the business fields involves domestic and overseas petrochemical industries. Since the establishment of the company, it has been pursuing the development guideline of “Technological Innovation and People Orientation” and actively going deep into the front line of oilfield production in order to seek, find, explore and develop new and high-tech products that are good for sales, so we can commit ourselves to saving the energy, reducing the consumption, protecting the environment, decreasing the project investment and improving the management for our customers. The company has an annual income of 600,000,000 RMB.

　In early 2008, according to the demands of the international oil equipment market and the development plan, the company successfully introduced the strategic investment partners for capital injection in order to reconstruct the stockholding system. The registered capital was increased from the original 12,000,000 RMB to 202,500,000 RMB after the approval of Beijing City Administration for Industry and Commerce; meanwhile, the company established a comprehensive base integrated with production, research and service in Daqing, the largest oil production base in China. In the base, the plants cover an area of 40,000 m2, the research and comprehensive buildings 10,000 m2, the max lifting capacity 100 tons, equipped with various machining equipment, automatic welding equipment, blanking equipment, heat treatment equipment, full-automatic sand blasting and derusting equipment, baking varnish equipment, various testing equipment and material

　analysis instruments. The machining and general assembly ability is anticipated up to 30,000 tons annually, which lays the foundation for realizing the internationalization of oil equipment and technical service.

　The company has more than 500 staff, in which 2 staff with PhD degree, 26 staff with mater degree, 72 staff with senior technical title in relevant disciplines, most of the staff come from the oilfield design and production management units with abundant design and development experience. The company has developed many new and high-tech products leading in the same industry and the company has 15 national patents.

　Especially in the aspect of the oil, gas and water three-phase separation technique research, the company has a batch of middle-aged and young technicians. Xiao Rong, the deputy general manager and chief engineer of the company is a typical representative, who made major contributions in the aspect of oil, gas and water three-phase separation technique research in late 1980s, developed Type I & II three-phase separators, was awarded the 2nd Youth Technology Prize of China, Excellent Middle-Aged & Young Expert of CNPC and Excellent Designer, and was interviewed by Jiang Zemin, the former General Secretary of CPC and Comrade Wang Tao and Zhou Yongkang, the former leaders of CNPC.

　Our company especially invites Expert Pan Yuqi, the professor-class senior engineer, who made prominent contributions in the aspect of domestic fully-airtight crude gathering and transportation process research, was awarded the first batch of National-Class Design Master, as the technical consultant. Integrated with different geological conditions of reservoirs, characteristics of crude, development, gathering and transportation processes in domestic oilfields, Mr. Pan made a new breakthrough in the aspect of oil, gas and water three-phase separation technology. In resent years, HBP provided various separators, heaters, electric dehydrators, dosing devices and such products for Sudan FULA Oilfield, Kazakstan Zhanarol Oilfield, ADM Oilfield, Kenkyak Pre-salt Oilfield, North Buzachi Oilfield, Syria State-Owned Oil Company RUMELAN Oilfield, GEBEIBE Oilfield, Algeria ZARZAITINE Oilfield, BZ25-1 FPSO and WHP A/B/C/D/E/F of Bohai Sea Oilfield of CNOOC, Friendship FPSO of Bo South Oilfield, Daqing Oilfield, Dagang Oilfield, Liao River Oilfield, Shengli

　Oilfield, North China Oilfield, Sichuan Oilfield, Xinjiang Oilfield, Qinghai Oilfield and such oilfields, and provided filter separators, cyclone separators, filters and such equipment for Sino-Kazakstan Natural Gas Pipeline Project, Atasu-Alataw Pass Crude Pipeline Project, Sichuan-East Gas Transportation Project and part of domestic oil and gas pipeline projects. Both the product quality and after-sale service are praised by the customers.

　In recent years, with the consecutive increase of the business requirements in the aspect of environmental protection in the oilfields, HBP also sees this field as the important development direction of the company. HBP has developed the internationally leading process solutions in the aspects of oily sludge treatment, tank cleaning and oily sewage treatment in the oilfields, and promoted those technologies to the largest domestic oilfields. Based on a large number of practices, the environmental-protection philosophy and process solutions of HBP are verified and recognized by the customers.

　In the course of product design, machining, fabrication, commissioning and after-sale service, our company complies with the International Standard ISO9001:2000, keeps improving on design, carries out strict field management and considerate after-sale service.

　“Innovation, Pragmatism, Integrity and Humanness” is the development principle followed by our company all the time. With the help and support of all levels of leaders, we are competent and confident that we could make more contribution for the project development of your company.

　Daqing HBP Oil Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd (hereinafter referred to as Daqing HBP) is the wholly-owned subsidiary subject to China Oil HBP Science & Technology Corporation Ltd.

　Daqing HBP is located in Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province. As the integrated research and developing base of HBP, it covers an area of 40,000 m2 or so. Now it has about 300 staff, including more than 60 technicians and 12 senior engineers. The company is equipped with more than 100 sets of machining and manufacturing

　equipment and the annual production capacity is more than 30,000 tons.

　As a professional oil equipment manufacturing company, Daqing HBP can undertake the fabrication of Level I, II & III Pressure Vessel, including all kinds of non-standard pressure vessels. Daqing HBP has A2 Pressure Vessel Manufacturing Certificate (No.TS2210989-2013), ASME U Certificate of Authorization (No.39201) and the certificates of ISO9001-2000 QMS , ISO14001-2004 EMS and GB/T28001:2001 OHSMS.

　公司簡(jiǎn)介英文版模板(二)

　China Oil HBP Science & Technology Corporation Ltd (hereinafter referred to as HBP) is a stockholding-system new and high-tech enterprise approved by Beijing City Government and listed in Shenzhen Stock Exchange successfully. The company is mainly engaged in the development, production and marketing of oil, gas and water separator, heater, electric dehydrator, natural gas filter separator, cyclone separator, filter, dosing device and such surface process equipment and oilfield environmental-protection services, such as oily sludge treatment process proposal, tank cleaning process proposal, oily sewage treatment process proposal. The company has abundant software and hardware strength and first-class new and high-tech product researchers and Level A1 & A2 pressure vessel design qualifications and Class GC pressure pipe design qualification, so it constitutes a pattern of production, research and sales, and the business fields involves domestic and overseas petrochemical industries. Since the establishment of the company, it has been pursuing the development guideline of “Technological Innovation and People Orientation” and actively going deep into the front line of oilfield production in order to seek, find, explore and develop new and high-tech products that are good for sales, so we can commit ourselves to saving the energy, reducing the consumption, protecting the environment, decreasing the project investment and improving the management for our customers. The company has an annual income of 600,000,000 RMB.

　In early 2008, according to the demands of the international oil equipment market and the development plan, the company successfully introduced the strategic investment partners for capital injection in order to reconstruct the stockholding system. The registered capital was increased from the original 12,000,000 RMB to 202,500,000 RMB after the approval of Beijing City Administration for Industry and Commerce; meanwhile, the company established a comprehensive base integrated with production, research and service in Daqing, the largest oil production base in China. In the base, the plants cover an area of 40,000 m2, the research and comprehensive buildings 10,000 m2, the max lifting capacity 100 tons, equipped with various machining equipment, automatic welding equipment, blanking equipment, heat treatment equipment, full-automatic sand blasting and derusting equipment, baking varnish equipment, various testing equipment and material

　analysis instruments. The machining and general assembly ability is anticipated up to 30,000 tons annually, which lays the foundation for realizing the internationalization of oil equipment and technical service.

　The company has more than 500 staff, in which 2 staff with PhD degree, 26 staff with mater degree, 72 staff with senior technical title in relevant disciplines, most of the staff come from the oilfield design and production management units with abundant design and development experience. The company has developed many new and high-tech products leading in the same industry and the company has 15 national patents.

　Especially in the aspect of the oil, gas and water three-phase separation technique research, the company has a batch of middle-aged and young technicians. Xiao Rong, the deputy general manager and chief engineer of the company is a typical representative, who made major contributions in the aspect of oil, gas and water three-phase separation technique research in late 1980s, developed Type I & II three-phase separators, was awarded the 2nd Youth Technology Prize of China, Excellent Middle-Aged & Young Expert of CNPC and Excellent Designer, and was interviewed by Jiang Zemin, the former General Secretary of CPC and Comrade Wang Tao and Zhou Yongkang, the former leaders of CNPC.

　Our company especially invites Expert Pan Yuqi, the professor-class senior engineer, who made prominent contributions in the aspect of domestic fully-airtight crude gathering and transportation process research, was awarded the first batch of National-Class Design Master, as the technical consultant. Integrated with different geological conditions of reservoirs, characteristics of crude, development, gathering and transportation processes in domestic oilfields, Mr. Pan made a new breakthrough in the aspect of oil, gas and water three-phase separation technology. In resent years, HBP provided various separators, heaters, electric dehydrators, dosing devices and such products for Sudan FULA Oilfield, Kazakstan Zhanarol Oilfield, ADM Oilfield, Kenkyak Pre-salt Oilfield, North Buzachi Oilfield, Syria State-Owned Oil Company RUMELAN Oilfield, GEBEIBE Oilfield, Algeria ZARZAITINE Oilfield, BZ25-1 FPSO and WHP A/B/C/D/E/F of Bohai Sea Oilfield of CNOOC, Friendship FPSO of Bo South Oilfield, Daqing Oilfield, Dagang Oilfield, Liao River Oilfield, Shengli

　Oilfield, North China Oilfield, Sichuan Oilfield, Xinjiang Oilfield, Qinghai Oilfield and such oilfields, and provided filter separators, cyclone separators, filters and such equipment for Sino-Kazakstan Natural Gas Pipeline Project, Atasu-Alataw Pass Crude Pipeline Project, Sichuan-East Gas Transportation Project and part of domestic oil and gas pipeline projects. Both the product quality and after-sale service are praised by the customers.

　In recent years, with the consecutive increase of the business requirements in the aspect of environmental protection in the oilfields, HBP also sees this field as the important development direction of the company. HBP has developed the internationally leading process solutions in the aspects of oily sludge treatment, tank cleaning and oily sewage treatment in the oilfields, and promoted those technologies to the largest domestic oilfields. Based on a large number of practices, the environmental-protection philosophy and process solutions of HBP are verified and recognized by the customers.

　In the course of product design, machining, fabrication, commissioning and after-sale service, our company complies with the International Standard ISO9001:2000, keeps improving on design, carries out strict field management and considerate after-sale service.

　“Innovation, Pragmatism, Integrity and Humanness” is the development principle followed by our company all the time. With the help and support of all levels of leaders, we are competent and confident that we could make more contribution for the project development of your company.

　Daqing HBP Oil Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd (hereinafter referred to as Daqing HBP) is the wholly-owned subsidiary subject to China Oil HBP Science & Technology Corporation Ltd.

　Daqing HBP is located in Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province. As the integrated research and developing base of HBP, it covers an area of 40,000 m2 or so. Now it has about 300 staff, including more than 60 technicians and 12 senior engineers. The company is equipped with more than 100 sets of machining and manufacturing

　equipment and the annual production capacity is more than 30,000 tons.

　As a professional oil equipment manufacturing company, Daqing HBP can undertake the fabrication of Level I, II & III Pressure Vessel, including all kinds of non-standard pressure vessels. Daqing HBP has A2 Pressure Vessel Manufacturing Certificate (No.TS2210989-2013), ASME U Certificate of Authorization (No.39201) and the certificates of ISO9001-2000 QMS , ISO14001-2004 EMS and GB/T28001:2001 OHSMS.

　公司簡(jiǎn)介英文版模板(三)

　Established in (成立年份), (公司英文名稱(chēng)) is a manufacturer (生產(chǎn)兼貿易，可用manufacturer and trader) specialized in the research, development and production of (公司主打產(chǎn)品). We are located in (公司所在城市), with convenient transportation access. All of our products comply with international quality standards and are greatly appreciated in a variety of different markets throughout the world.

　If you are interested in any of our products or would like to discuss a custom order, please feel free to contact us. We are looking forward to forming successful business relationships with new clients around the world in the near future.