1、menacing crime

menacing crime發(fā)音

英：　　美：

menacing crime中文意思翻譯

常見(jiàn)釋義：

威脅犯罪

menacing crime相似詞語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)

1、milking time───擠奶時(shí)間

2、opening time───營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間

3、meningocele───n.腦脊髓膜突出

4、menacing───adj.威脅的；險惡的；v.威脅（menace的ing形式）；恐嚇

5、knife crime───持刀犯罪

6、menacingly───adv.脅迫地；險惡地

7、menagerie───n.動(dòng)物園；動(dòng)物展覽；（馬戲團豢養的）獸群

8、sentencing circle───量刑小組

9、feeding time───供料時(shí)間；喂養時(shí)間

2、誰(shuí)知道1800年 18世紀 英國的教育狀態(tài) 形式 政策 等等

In 1807 Samuel Whitbread proposed to deal with the whole of the Poor Law with the introduction of a Bill in the House of Commons. Of particular interest is the first part of the Bill, which dealt specifically with education. Whitbread advocated making the parish responsible for education and proposed that each child should have two years of education between the ages of 7 and 14. He thought this would reduce crime and pauperism.

3.It was considered too expensive to implement and it was also thought that the introduction of such a scheme would take the people away from manual work and make them dissatisfied with their social situation. Although unsuccessful the thought of generalised education for the masses was even then being expressed and was later to be reiterated constantly throughout the century eventually leading up to the 1880 Education Act.

4.The idea of widespread education was also helped by the gradual increase in collectivist thought especially after 1865. This is quite evident in the works of Carlyle and Ruskin. It was only after this date that any idea of widespread state intervention in the field of education could find fertile ground.

5.The various Factory Acts of 1833, 1844, and 1867 were another contributory factor towards the general tendency towards national education. These acts focused not only on the condition of workers but they also had the effect of imposing certain restrictions on child labour, which in turn favoured the opportunity of an alternative: education for the child.

6.In the second half of the 19th-century crime and pauperism increased, so did riots strikes and social unrest. The commercial and manufacturing supremacy of Britain was in decline and this was seen to be mostly due to the fact that other European countries had a more developed technical education system. Political stability and economic prosperity now seemed to be associated with the education of the people. Education now seemed financially viable.

7.In 1869 two other societies were established: the Education League, which turned secular and the National Education Union, which was conservative and Anglican. It was mainly due to these two societies that the Education Act of 1880 was passed.

The Education Act of 1880

It was with the Education Act of 1880, also known as the "Forster Act", that we have the real birth of the modern system of education in England. This not only gave rise to a national system of state education but also assured the existence of a dual system - voluntary denominational schools and nondenominational state schools.

The act required the establishment of elementary schools nationwide. These were not to replace or duplicate what already existed but supplement those already run by the churches, private individuals and guilds.

The country was divided into school districts and in those areas where there was inadequate provision school boards were to be elected. These were responsible for raising sufficient funds to maintain the schools. The schools were often called " board schools".

These elementary schools had to be non-denominational. The school boards could charge a weekly fee not exceeding 9 pence. For a limited period the school boards could pay the fees if the parents were unable to do so. The Voluntary Schools could also receive such payment of fees from the school boards.

They had to guarantee attendance for all children in their respective districts between the ages of 5 and 13. The School Board could appoint officers to enforce attendance. These officers or "Board Men", as they were commonly known, became one of those terribly menacing figures firmly implanted in the minds of young schoolboys. This figure was an effective deterrent in playing truant. All the more menacing because the child could only picture him in his imagination (if he faithfully attended school, that is!!). He was also known as the School Attendance Officer.

Religious instruction was an integral part of the school curriculum but was not compulsory. This was to be nondenominational.

Since 1880 Voluntary Schools declined except Roman Catholic Schools because Boards Schools provided better buildings and higher pay for teachers.

Elementary education became effectively free with the passing of the 1891 Education Act.