1、protists

protists發(fā)音

英：　　美：

protists中文意思翻譯

常見(jiàn)釋義：

n.[生物]原生生物

protists雙語(yǔ)使用場(chǎng)景

1、Many protists, particularly among the plankton, are also photosynthetic.───許多原生生物，特別是其中的浮游生物也可進(jìn)行光合作用。

2、Most thallus plants are currently classified as complex protists.───大部分的原植體現在被歸屬為復雜的原生生物。

3、Protists are mostly microscopic and have no organs or tissues. They are single-celled but may occur in colonies.───原生生物大部分是微生物，沒(méi)有器官或組織細胞，它們是單細胞生物但以群體存在。

4、Animals are eukaryotic and usually multicellular (although see Myxozoa), which separates them from bacteria, archaea and most protists.───動(dòng)物通常是多細胞真核生物（除了粘體動(dòng)物亞門(mén)），使它們區別于細菌，古細菌和大多數原生生物。

5、Some phytoplankton are bacteria, some are protists, and most are single-celled plants.───有些浮游植物是細菌，有些是原生生物，而大多數則是單細胞植物。

6、classified into plants, animals and protists.───歸類(lèi)為植物、動(dòng)物及原生生物。

7、Their article outlines inherited epigenetic variation in bacteria, protists , fungi, plants, and animals.───他們的文章概括了發(fā)現表觀(guān)遺傳的物種有：細菌、原生生物、真菌、植物和動(dòng)物。

8、There is no clear boundary between protists and plants, and authors differ in which organisms they consider in which kingdom.───植物與原生生物沒(méi)有明顯的界限，為此生物學(xué)家們對它們有不同的劃分。

9、Photosynthesis occurs only in the chlorophyll-containing cells of green plants, algae, and certain protists and bacteria.───光合作用只發(fā)生在含有葉綠素的綠色植物細胞，海藻，某些原生動(dòng)物和細菌之中。

protists相似詞語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)

1、serum protein in dairy───乳品中的血清蛋白

2、protococcus structure───原球菌結構

3、protuberant protein───突起蛋白

4、protected species───保護物種；受保護的物種

5、fungous proteoglycan efsa───真菌蛋白多糖

6、protestant reformation───[法]宗教改革

7、protein deficiency───蛋白質(zhì)缺乏，蛋白質(zhì)缺乏病

8、focused protection───集中防護

9、stimulating proteins───刺激蛋白

10、b powder protein───b粉蛋白

2、微生物多樣性（擴增子/16S rDNA測序）—物種組成方法描述

​一、物種組成分析內容及意義

a)物種相對豐度圖

根據 OTU 注釋結果分別在各個(gè)分類(lèi)水平：domain（域），kingdom（界），phylum（門(mén)），class（綱），order（目），family（科），genus（屬），species（種）統計各樣品的物種相對豐度并作圖（依據給定的物種比例分布表格）。

含義：樣品中包含何種物種；物種豐度是多少；在不同樣品間是否存在某些物種的變化及變化趨勢。

b)優(yōu)勢物種（關(guān)鍵物種） Heatmap 圖

它可以直觀(guān)地將數據值的大小以定義的顏色深淺表示出來(lái)。常需要將數據進(jìn)行物種或樣品間豐度相似性聚類(lèi)。

目的及意義：可將高豐度和低豐度的物種分塊聚集，通過(guò)顏色梯度及相似程度來(lái)反映多個(gè)樣品在各分類(lèi)水平上群落組成的相似性和差異性。

c)OTU 分布 Venn 圖

多個(gè)樣品中所共有和獨有的 OTU展示，依據是共有和獨有OTU表格。

意義：體現共性和獨特性上的差異。

二、物種組成分析在科技論文中的描述

a）物種相對豐度圖：

示例：

①關(guān)于圖表的描述：

Relative abundance of XXX taxa (y axis as group percentage of the total number of XXX rRNA gene sequences per sample, after rarefaction to correct for uneven sampling effort) grouped by general XXX class. Identities of the sites sampled are given on the x axis.

②關(guān)于圖表結果的描述：

 The rarified sequence data set suggests that soils from our sites were overwhelmingly dominated by taxa in the XXX with the Alveolata and Cercozoa representing 66.5% and 22.5%[具體數據來(lái)源于物種分布表], respectively, of all of the protistan sequences recovered. The green algae (Archaeplastida, Chloroplastida, Chlorophyta) were also highly abundant in a few soils from XX areas, as were the golden algae (SAR, Stramenopiles, Chrysophyceae)[圖片展示直觀(guān)描述]. Our finding that Cercozoa (diverse flagellates and amoebae within Rhizaria) and Ciliophora (one of three major groups within Alveolata, along with dinoflagellates and Apicomplexa) are common members of eukaryotic soil microbial communities is congruent with what we know from previously published direct observation studies of soil protistan communities[reference][圖片展示直觀(guān)陳述，與前人工作結果一致性]. The only comparable study using high-throughput pyrosequencing to examine terrestrial protistan diversity[reference], also found alveolates and Rhizaria to be the dominant protists in soil [圖片展示的直觀(guān)陳述，本研究手段的發(fā)現].

b）優(yōu)勢物種（關(guān)鍵物種） Heatmap 圖：

示例：

①圖表描述：

Heat map of XXX key OTUs responding to XXX and XXX treatment identified by XXX models. The colour of the spots in the panel represents the mean relative abundance (normalized and log-transformed) of the OTU in each group. The values on the colour bar are the relative abundance indicated by the corresponding colour.

②關(guān)于圖表結果的描述：

 XXX models identified XX OTUs responding to XX treatment and XX OTUs responding to XX augmentation. In total, XX non-redundant OTUs contributed significantly to the establishment of the models. XX OTUs were significantly enriched by A treatment. These OTUs belonged to [物種名稱(chēng)](差異分析結果). A total of XX OTUs were significantly decreased, most of which were species from the families [物種名稱(chēng)]. ……

c）OTU 分布 Venn 圖

示例：

①圖表描述：

The Venn diagram depicts OTUs that were unique to the XX cows used in this study (COWS), unique to the public repositories (REF) or shared.

②關(guān)于圖表結果的描述：

Out of  XXX bacterial species-level OTUs found in this study, only XXX (XX%) were shared with the three public repositories. Moreover, for every OTU found in the public repositories, a novel one was discovered from the new data, while still far from maximal Good’s coverage. Conversely, the majority of the archaeal OTUs (XX%) found in this study were previously observed in the public databases with only 2 new OTUs added; 1 [物種] and 1 [物種]. For Fungi, only 1 OTU was shared between the public repositories and the animals investigated in this study, suggesting the scientific community is only beginning to realize the extent of fungal diversity of ruminants. It should be noted that, of the XXX ruminal eukaryotic OTUs in public repositories, roughly XX % were fungal, which further highlights the paucity of rumen fungal rRNA sequences in these databases. ……

溫馨提示：

一般地，一些物種、組別之間的顯著(zhù)性差異分析結果，可以在顯著(zhù)差異分析名稱(chēng)的文件夾下找到。