1、castrates

castrates發(fā)音

英：　　美：

castrates中文意思翻譯

常見(jiàn)釋義：

vt.閹割；刪除；去掉最重要的部分；使喪失力量

castrates相似詞語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)

1、castrates man───閹割人

2、castrates starts with e───閹割從e開(kāi)始

3、castrates france───閹割法國

4、castrates synonym───閹割同義詞

5、castrates crossword───閹割縱橫字謎

6、castrates himself───閹割自己

2、介紹張衡英文版

Character synopsis

Open the graduated arm (78-139), character even child, westNanyang Hubei (now Henan Nanyang County Shiqiaozhen) person. He is theour country Eastern Han Dynasty time great astronomer, has made theindelible contribution for our country astronomy development; Inaspect and so on mathematics, geography, drawing and literature, ZhangHengye displayed extraordinary ability and the vast knowledge.

Zhang Heng is one of representative personages which the Eastern HanDynasty intermediate stage muddy day said; He pointed out Moon itselfand nonluminous, the moonlight actually is the sunlight reflection; Healso correctly explained origin, and realized with is away fromthe Earth far and near relations to the universe infinity and theplanetary motion speed.

Open the graduated arm observation record 2,500 stars, formulated inthe world first to be able quite accurately to perform the celestialphenomenon the water leakage to transfer the armillary sphere, firsttest earthquake instrument - seismograph, but also made thesouth-pointing chariot, the automatic recording drum, flew in numberof lines wooden bird and so on.

Zhang Henggong is having the science, the philosophy, and literaturework 32, astronomy work has "Spirit Constitution" and "SpiritConstitution Chart" and so on.

For commemorate Zhang Heng the merit, the people at the back of aMoon's crater will name as "the graduated arm crater", 1,802 will namethe planetoid as "the graduated arm planetoid".

The 20th century China renowned writers, historian Guo Moruo to openthe graduated arm the appraisal is: "Character of the so full scaledevelopment, is also rare in the world history, ten thousand offerssacrifice to thousand ages, makes one admire."

The later generation calls Zhang Hengwei wooden saint (branch saint).Zhang Hengzi even child. West Nanyang county Hubei county (now HenanNanyang) person. The Eastern Han Dynasty constructs the third day year(the A.D. 78 years) to live; The Yonghe four years (the A.D. 139years) died. Astronomy, mechanical technology, seismography.

"Graduated arm Biography"

Zhang Hengchuan (stems from Fan Ye "Historical Records of theEastern Han dynasty")

Original text:

Open the graduated arm, the character even child, west Nanyang theHubei person. Weighs little friendly composes a piece of prosewriting, swims to three auxiliary, because enters the Beijingteachers, observes Imperial College, then passes the Five Classics,passes through the six arts. Although highly talented to world, butwas not arrogant still the sentiment. Calm is often quiescent, notgood connects with wants the person. Forever in the Yuan, will lift is not good, including will ward off not. When the worldwill be peaceful in the course of time, from nobility below none whodoes not exceed extravagant. The graduated arm is draws up Ban Gu "TwoAll" to make "Two Beijing To bestow on", because of by 諷諫. Theessence thinks , ten years are become. General Deng Zhiqi itstalent, tiredly summons not to be supposed.

Weighs friendly is ingenious, You Zhi thinks to the astronomymasculine and feminine elements almanac. An Diya wen Hengshan thetechnique study, the public vehicle characteristic does obeisance thedoctor of Chinese medicine, again moves for the Taishi command. Thenis the masculine and feminine elements, the wonderfulcompletely fine jade machine, makes the armillary sphere, "SpiritConstitution", "Was calculating Deceives Discusses", word really

Along the beginning of the emperor, the extension turns round againfor the Taishi command. Weighs does not admire the present age,occupies the official always not change residence error 1778.From goes to the history duty, five years duplicate also.

The positive fine first year, duplicate makes the seismograph. To therefined copper casts, the diameter eight feet, gather the lid to stickout, take the form of the liquor to revere, play the part of shape ofby the seal script tortoise birds and beasts. Center has all thecolumn, approaches line of eight, Shi Guanfa machine. Outside haseight dragons, a title, gets down has the toad, open hornmouthpiece it. His/her the tooth ingenious system, all hides inrevering, the cover is thorough If has reveresinspires the dragon, machine sends spits the pill, but the toad holdsit. Inspires the sound to encourage therefore sense knowledge.Although Long Faji, but seven motionless, seeks its aspect, is theknowledge shakes is at. Examines it by the matter, gathers theagreement if god. Records from the book standard, has not had. TastesLong Jifa but unconsciously to move, the Beijing teacher scholar saltyblames it not to draft. Latter on severalth post to, fruit earthquakeLongxi, thereupon all takes its is wonderful. From now on after, isrecorded the official historian from the side.

When the politics gradually damage, the power moves to under, weighsbecause submits a memorial to the throne the Chen matter. ... ...

Initially, light Wu Shanchen, and reveals the ancestor, austere ZongYinzu states . Since resurgence, the Confucian scholar strugglestudy chart latitude, concurrently duplicate attaches by the evilwords. Weighs is fabricated by the chart latitude, law of the non-sage, is submits a memorial to the throne. ... ...

Latter moves waits on, the emperor directs in the army tent about,satirizes discusses. Tastes asked weighs the world Theofficials fear it to destroy the oneself, all altogether item it, thegraduated arm is craftily to. Castrates the vertical stroke to fearthe end for its trouble, then altogether slanders it.

Weighs Chang Situ matter of the body, thought the good and bad fortunedepends on, faint is difficult to be bright. Is does "ThinksUnreliable Tax" to proclaim expresses feelings the will. ... ...

At the beginning of Yonghe, leaves is between the river. When kingarrogant is extravagant, does not obey the standard constitution; Alsoare many 豪右, altogether is illegal. The graduated arm alights,governs the dignity, the entire law, the cloudy knowledge deceitfulparty name, receives the birds and beasts for a while, about with deepveneration, is called the political principle. Regards the matter forthree years, submits a written statement drafts doesobeisance Shangshu. The year 62, the Yonghe four years died.

"周官 Explanations of words in ancient books", Cui Yuan was thinkingcannot have is at variance with the various Confucians. Also wants tocontinue Kong Zi "To be easy" to say "彖", "Likely" incomplete,unexpectedly cannot. The poem, the tax, the inscription,seven-syllable, "Spirit Constitution", "Should Idle", "Seven Debates","Patrols Informs", "Hangs Chart" every 32.

Character's history

Open the graduated arm family background to the famous familyprominent family. His/her grandfather Zhang Kanzi the small will highenergetically puts into practice, by the person is the child prodigy,once million gave handed down in the family Yu Caishu he the nephew.After light Wu Dideng the base Zhang Kanshou recommends does obeisancethe official. Once no matter what punitive expeditionestablishes a separatist regime Suchuan county Gongsun for the Suchuancounty along with big Sima the Wu to state, stands has the greatmerit. After that commands troops resists Hsiungnu to have the merit,does obeisance is positive (nearby now Beijing) for the fishing Once defeated the Hsiungnu 10,000 cavalry soldiers byseveral thousand cavalry soldiers. Hereafter Hsiungnu has not dared inhis tenure in office to invade again. He teaches the people tocultivate, opens the rice paddy 8,000 area units, the people from thisbecomes rich. Therefore, has the ballad to eulogize him to say: "Mr.Zhang is a politics, is overjoyed." Zhang Kanwei the official isincorruptible. Cuts down when Suchuan he first attacks into Chengdu,but he states the treasure to Gongsun which stays behind piles up notto take. The Suchuan county is known as the day government office, butZhang Kan in to Suchuan county no matter what time ridesis a broken vehicle, carries only has a volume cotton clothing pouch.

Zhang Hengxiang his grandfather is same, from small assiduouslystudies, has the literary talent very much. 16 years old later oncewill leave to study away from home the hometown to the outside areas.He first arrived then academic cultural center three auxiliary (areanow Shaanxi Xi'an). This local grand mountains and rivers and thegrand the Qin and Han Dynasty ancient capital ruins have provided therich literature creation source material to him. Later arrived EasternHan Dynasty capital Luoyang. In the there, he has entered then highestschool - Imperial College, has known a young scholar Cui tieswith him for the good friend. Cui Yuan was then after the scientist,the astronomer Jia Kui student, also was skilled in knowledge and soon astronomy, calendar, mathematics. With the emperor forever a Yuan12 year (the A.D. 100 years) Zhang Hengying inviting of the Nanyang Baud, has been him governs the desk job. After 8 yearsBaud is transferred to a new post the Beijing teachers, Zhang Hengjiresigns from office the home. In Nanyang period he devotes toknowledge and so on discussion astronomy, masculine and feminineelements, almanac, and repeatedly studies the Western Han Dynasty toraise male "Too Unreliably after". He has brought to the Chinese AnDi's attention in these aspects reputations. Forever fifth day theyear (the A.D. 111 years) a graduated arm is recruited goes to thecapital, does obeisance for the doctor of Chinese medicine.

Yuan Chu first year (the A.D. 114 years) moves the Shangshu courtattendant. Next year, will move the Taishi command. Later once wastransferred to a new post his duty, after but 5 years turn round forthe Taishi command. Around the grand total no matter what this dutyreaches for 14 years long time, open the graduated arm manysignificant research all is completes in this stage. (The A.D. 133years) rise along the emperor positive fine two years for to wait on.But soon receives the officials to push aside stabs, first year (theA.D. 136 years) adjusts outside Beijing to Yonghe, no matter whatbetween river Wang Liu Zheng. Liu Zheng is the person whichoverbearing luxurious, does not defend the central statute book, placemany powerful bullies and he for is altogether illegal. After open thegraduated arm to assume a post the orderly law and discipline, theattack powerful bullies about, causes with deep veneration. After 3years, he to is suitable on the emperor the table to request toretire, but the royal government actually drafts does obeisance him isShangshu. This matter quite has the fishy, because Shangshu'sgovernment position far is lower than waits on or, whether he issubject to duty, the history does not carry On in this year (theYonghe four years, namely the A.D. 139 years) he namely considerspassed away

人物簡(jiǎn)介

張衡（78-139），字平子，南陽(yáng)西鄂（今河南南陽(yáng)縣石橋鎮）人。他是我國東漢時(shí)期偉大的天文學(xué)家，為我國天文學(xué)的發(fā)展作出了不可磨滅的貢獻；在數學(xué)、地理、繪畫(huà)和文學(xué)等方面，張衡也表現出了非凡的才能和廣博的學(xué)識。

張衡是東漢中期渾天說(shuō)的代表人物之一；他指出月球本身并不發(fā)光，月光其實(shí)是日光的反射；他還正確地解釋了月食的成因，并且認識到宇宙的無(wú)限性和行星運動(dòng)的快慢與距離地球遠近的關(guān)系。

張衡觀(guān)測記錄了兩千五百顆恒星，創(chuàng )制了世界上第一架能比較準確地表演天象的漏水轉渾天儀，第一架測試地震的儀器——候風(fēng)地動(dòng)儀，還制造出了指南車(chē)、自動(dòng)記里鼓車(chē)、飛行數里的木鳥(niǎo)等等。

張衡共著(zhù)有科學(xué)、哲學(xué)、和文學(xué)著(zhù)作三十二篇，其中天文著(zhù)作有《靈憲》和《靈憲圖》等。

為了紀念張衡的功績(jì)，人們將月球背面的一環(huán)形山命名為“張衡環(huán)形山”，將小行星1802命名為“張衡小行星”。

20世紀中國著(zhù)名文學(xué)家、歷史學(xué)家郭沫若對張衡的評價(jià)是：“如此全面發(fā)展之人物，在世界史中亦所罕見(jiàn)，萬(wàn)祀千齡，令人景仰?！?/p>

后世稱(chēng)張衡為木圣（科圣）。張衡字平子。南陽(yáng)郡西鄂縣(今河南南陽(yáng))人。東漢建初三年(公元78年)生；永和四年(公元139年)卒。天文學(xué)、機械技術(shù)、地震學(xué)。

《張衡傳》

張衡傳（出自范曄《后漢書(shū)》）

原文:

張衡，字平子，南陽(yáng)西鄂人也。衡少善屬文，游于三輔，因入京師，觀(guān)太學(xué)，遂通五經(jīng)，貫六藝。雖才高于世，而無(wú)驕尚之情。常從容淡靜，不好交接欲人。永元中，舉孝廉不行，連辟公府不就。時(shí)天下承平日久，自王侯以下莫不逾侈。衡乃擬班固《兩都》作《二京賦》，因以諷諫。精思傅會(huì )，十年乃成。大將軍鄧騭奇其才，累召不應。

衡善機巧，尤致思于天文陰陽(yáng)歷算。安帝雅聞衡善術(shù)學(xué)，公車(chē)特征拜郎中，再遷為太史令。遂乃研核陰陽(yáng)，妙盡璇機之正，作渾天儀，著(zhù)《靈憲》、《算罔論》，言甚詳明。

順帝初，再轉復為太史令。衡不慕當世，所居之官輒積年不徙。自去史職，五載復還。

陽(yáng)嘉元年，復造候風(fēng)地動(dòng)儀。以精銅鑄成，員徑八尺，合蓋隆起，形似酒尊，飾以篆文山龜鳥(niǎo)獸之形。中有都柱，傍行八道，施關(guān)發(fā)機。外有八龍，首銜銅丸，下有蟾蜍，張口承之。其牙機巧制，皆隱在尊中，覆蓋周密無(wú)際。如有地動(dòng)，尊則振龍，機發(fā)吐丸，而蟾蜍銜之。振聲激揚，伺者因此覺(jué)知。雖一龍發(fā)機，而七首不動(dòng)，尋其方面，乃知震之所在。驗之以事，合契若神。自書(shū)典所記，未之有也。嘗一龍機發(fā)而地不覺(jué)動(dòng)，京師學(xué)者咸怪其無(wú)征。后數日驛至，果地震隴西，于是皆服其妙。自此以后，乃令史官記地動(dòng)所從方起。

時(shí)政事漸損，權移于下，衡因上疏陳事?！?

初，光武善讖，及顯宗、肅宗因祖述焉。自中興之后，儒者爭學(xué)圖緯，兼復附以妖言。衡以圖緯虛妄，非圣人之法，乃上疏?！?/p>

后遷侍中，帝引在帷幄，諷議左右。嘗問(wèn)衡天下所疾惡者?；鹿賾制錃Ъ?，皆共目之，衡乃詭對而出。閹豎恐終為其患，遂共讒之。

衡常思圖身之事，以為吉兇倚仗，幽微難明。乃作《思玄賦》以宣寄情志?！?/p>

永和初，出為河間相。時(shí)國王驕奢，不遵典憲；又多豪右，共為不軌。衡下車(chē)，治威嚴，整法度，陰知奸黨名姓，一時(shí)收禽，上下肅然，稱(chēng)為政理。視事三年，上書(shū)乞骸骨，征拜尚書(shū)。年六十二，永和四年卒。

著(zhù)《周官訓詁》，崔瑗以為不能有異于諸儒也。又欲繼孔子《易》說(shuō)《彖》、《象》殘缺者，竟不能就。所著(zhù)詩(shī)、賦、銘、七言、《靈憲》、《應閑》、《七辯》、《巡誥》、《懸圖》凡三十二篇。

人物的歷史

張衡出身于名門(mén)望族。其祖父張堪自小志高力行，被人稱(chēng)為圣童，曾把家傳余財數百萬(wàn)讓給他的侄子。光武帝登基后張堪受薦拜官。曾被任為蜀郡太守隨大司馬吳漢討伐割據蜀郡的公孫述，立有大功。其后又領(lǐng)兵抗擊匈奴有功，拜為漁陽(yáng)(今北京附近)太守。曾以數千騎兵擊破匈奴來(lái)犯的一萬(wàn)騎兵。此后在他的任期內匈奴再也沒(méi)有敢來(lái)侵擾。他又教人民耕種，開(kāi)稻田八千頃，人民由此致富。所以，有民謠歌頌他說(shuō)：“張君為政，樂(lè )不可支?！睆埧盀楣偾辶?。伐蜀時(shí)他是首先攻入成都的，但他對公孫述留下的堆積如山的珍寶毫無(wú)所取。蜀郡號稱(chēng)天府，但張堪在奉調離蜀郡太守任時(shí)乘的是一輛破車(chē)，攜帶的只有一卷布被囊。

張衡像他的祖父一樣，自小刻苦向學(xué)，很有文采。16歲以后曾離開(kāi)家鄉到外地游學(xué)。他先到了當時(shí)的學(xué)術(shù)文化中心三輔(今陜西西安一帶)。這一地區壯麗的山河和宏偉的秦漢古都遺址給他提供了豐富的文學(xué)創(chuàng )作素材。以后又到了東漢首都洛陽(yáng)。在那兒，他進(jìn)過(guò)當時(shí)的最高學(xué)府——太學(xué)，結識了一位青年學(xué)者崔瑗，與他結為摯友。崔瑗是當時(shí)的經(jīng)學(xué)家、天文學(xué)家賈逵的學(xué)生，也精通天文、歷法、數學(xué)等學(xué)問(wèn)。和帝永元十二年(公元100年)張衡應南陽(yáng)太守鮑德之請，作了他的主簿，掌管文書(shū)工作。8年后鮑德調任京師，張衡即辭官居家。在南陽(yáng)期間他致力于探討天文、陰陽(yáng)、歷算等學(xué)問(wèn)，并反復研究西漢揚雄著(zhù)的《太玄經(jīng)》。他在這些方面的名聲引起了漢安帝的注意。永初五年(公元111年)張衡被征召進(jìn)京，拜為郎中。

元初元年(公元114年)遷尚書(shū)郎。次年，遷太史令。以后曾調任他職，但5年后復為太史令?？傆嬊昂笕未寺氝_14年之久，張衡許多重大的科學(xué)研究工作都是在這一階段里完成的。順帝陽(yáng)嘉二年(公元133年)升為侍中。但不久受到宦官排擠中傷，于永和元年(公元136年)調到京外，任河間王劉政的相。劉政是個(gè)驕橫奢侈、不守中央法典的人，地方許多豪強與他共為不法。張衡到任后嚴整法紀，打擊豪強，使得上下肅然。3年后，他向順帝上表請求退休，但朝廷卻征拜他為尚書(shū)。此事頗有蹊蹺，因尚書(shū)的官職遠低于侍中或相，他是否應征，史載不彰。就在這一年(永和四年，即公元139年)他即告逝世。