1、chronological order

chronological order發(fā)音

英：　　美：

chronological order中文意思翻譯

常用釋義：時(shí)間順序：按照時(shí)間先后順序排列的順序。

[計]年月日次序；（事情發(fā)生或發(fā)展的）時(shí)間次序

chronological order雙語(yǔ)使用場(chǎng)景

1、I have arranged these stories in chronological order.───我按時(shí)間順序排列了這些故事。

2、It is not easy for me to tell you, in chronological order just how it happened, how I met such a lovely being.───我很難把這事的經(jīng)過(guò)有條不紊地告訴你，我認識了一位最最可愛(ài)的人。

3、The facts should be presented in chronological order.───這些事實(shí)應按時(shí)間先后順序陳述。

4、Third bad idea: You could have entered the amounts in chronological order. At the end of each month you could have made a sum.───第三個(gè)糟糕想法：你按時(shí)間順序輸入了數據，在每個(gè)月末你還做了累計。

5、The runs are listed in chronological order, with the most recent run at the bottom of the list.───運行結果是按照年月日順序排列的，并在這個(gè)列表的底部有最近的運行結果。

6、Log down in the emergency logbook developments in chronological order under a fresh heading "Fire Emergency" .───在緊急事件登記冊中以新的“緊急火情”名頭下按時(shí)間順序登記采取的措施。

7、Notice that the members of these hierarchies are now sorted in chronological order , by year and then by quarter or semester, respectively .───注意，這些層次結構的成員現在按時(shí)間順序排序，首先按年份、然后分別按季度或半期排序。

8、By default, posts would still show up in reverse chronological order.───默認情況下，職位仍然會(huì )出現在時(shí)間順序。

9、Table 1 lists these activities in chronological order.───表1列出了這些活動(dòng)的順序。

chronological order相似詞語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)

1、chronological growth───按時(shí)間順序生長(cháng)

2、chronological examples───按時(shí)間順序排列的例子

3、order───vi.命令；訂貨；n.命令；順序；規則；訂單；（生物學(xué)）目；vt.命令；整理；訂購

4、chronological age───n.實(shí)足年齡（用途測定智商的數據）；實(shí)齡；n.實(shí)足年齡（用途測定智商的數據），實(shí)齡

5、chronological resume───時(shí)序型簡(jiǎn)歷

6、chronological definition───年代定義

7、chronological───adj.按發(fā)生時(shí)間順序排列的；按時(shí)間計算的；按先后順序的

8、gospels in chronological order───福音書(shū)按時(shí)間順序

9、chronological bible───年表圣經(jīng)

2、GRE閱讀練習每日一篇(三十三)

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Eight percent of the Earth’s crust is aluminum, and there are hundreds of aluminum-bearing minerals and vast quantities of the rocks that contain them. The best aluminum ore is bauxite, defined as aggregates of aluminous minerals, more or less impure, in which aluminum is present as hydrated oxides. Bauxite is the richest of all those aluminous rocks that occur in large quantities, and it yields alumina, the intermediate product required for the production of aluminum. Alumina also occurs naturally as the mineral corundum, but corundum is not found in large deposits of high purity, and therefore it is an impractical source for making aluminum. Most of the many abundant nonbauxite aluminous minerals are silicates, and, like all silicate minerals, they are refractory, resistant to analysis, and extremely difficult to process. The aluminum silicates are therefore generally unsuitable alternatives to bauxite because considerably more energy is required to extract alumina from them.

17. The author implies that a mineral must either be or readily supply which of the following in order to be classified as an aluminum ore?

(A) An aggregate

(B) Bauxite

(C) Alumina

(D) Corundum

(E) An aluminum silicate

18. The passage supplies information for answering all of the following questions regarding aluminous minerals EXCEPT:

(A) What percentage of the aluminum in the Earth’s crust is in the form of bauxite?

(B) Are aluminum-bearing nonbauxite minerals plentiful?

(C) Do the aluminous minerals found in bauxite contain hydrated oxides?

(D) Are aluminous hydrated oxides found in rocks?

(E) Do large quantities of bauxite exist?

19. The author implies that corundum would be used to produce aluminum if

(A) corundum could be found that is not contaminated by silicates

(B) the production of alumina could be eliminated as an intermediate step in manufacturing aluminum

(C) many large deposits of very high quality corundum were to be discovered

(D) new technologies were to make it possible to convert corundum to a silicate

(E) manufacturers were to realize that the world’s supply of bauxite is not unlimited

Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points—periods, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. It also has had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents one’s findings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof.

Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjects come directly from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects are accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old questions “What happened?” and “How did it happen?” have given way to the question “Why did it happen?” Prominent among the methods used to answer the question “Why” is psychoanalysis, and its use has given rise to psychohistory.

Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical contexts. Historians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them. But this pragmatic use of psychology is not what psychohistorians intend. They are committed, not just to psychology in general, but to Freudian psychoanalysis. This commitment precludes a commitment to history as historians have always understood it. Psychohistory derives its “facts” not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences, but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made history, and deduces its theories not from this or that instance in their lives, but from a view of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence: that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable by, all historians. And it violates the basic tenet of historical method: that historians be alert to the negative instances that would refute their theses. Psychohistorians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the “deepest” explanation of any event, that other explanations fall short of the truth.

Psychohistory is not content to violate the discipline of history (in the sense of the proper mode of studying and writing about the past); it also violates the past itself. It denies to the past an integrity and will of its own, in which people acted out of a variety of motives and in which events had a multiplicity of causes and effects. It imposes upon the past the same determinism that it imposes upon the present, thus robbing people and events of their individuality and of their complexity. Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances.

20. Which of the following best states the main point of the passage?

(A) The approach of psychohistorians to historical study is currently in vogue even though it lacks the rigor and verifiability of traditional historical method.

(B) Traditional historians can benefit from studying the techniques and findings of psychohistorians.

(C) Areas of sociological study such as childhood and work are of little interest to traditional historians.

(D) The psychological assessment of an individual’s behavior and attitudes is more informative than the details of his or her daily life.

(E) History is composed of unique and nonrepeating events that must be individually analyzed on the basis of publicly verifiable evidence.

21. It can be inferred from the passage that one way in which traditional history can be distinguished from psychohistory is that traditional history usually

(A) views past events as complex and having their own individuality

(B) relies on a single interpretation of human behavior to explain historical events

(C) interprets historical events in such a way that their specific nature is transcended

(D) turns to psychological explanations in historical contexts to account for events

(E) relies strictly on data that are concrete and quantifiable

22. It can be inferred from the passage that the methods used by psychohistorians probably prevent them from

(A) presenting their material in chronological order

(B) producing a one-sided picture of an individual’s personality and motivations

(C) uncovering alternative explanations that might cause them to question their own conclusions

(D) offering a consistent interpretation of the impact of personality on historical events

(E) recognizing connections between a government’s political actions and the aspirations of government leaders

23. The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?

(A) What are some specific examples of the use of psychohistory in historical interpretation?

(B) When were the conventions governing the practice of traditional history first established?

(C) When do traditional historians consider psychological explanations of historical developments appropriate?

(D) What sort of historical figure is best suited for psychohistorical analysis?

(E) What is the basic criterion of historical evidence required by traditional historians?

24. The author mentions which of the following as a characteristic of the practice of psychohistorians?

(A) The lives of historical figures are presented in episodic rather than narrative form.

(B) Archives used by psychohistorians to gather material are not accessible to other scholars.

(C) Past and current events are all placed within the same deterministic schema.

(D) Events in the adult life of a historical figure are seen to be more consequential than are those in the childhood of the figure.

(E) Analysis is focused on group behavior rather than on particular events in an individual’s life.

25. The author of the passage suggests that psychohistorians view history primarily as

(A) a report of events, causes, and effects that is generally accepted by historians but which is, for the most part, unverifiable

(B) an episodic account that lacks cohesion because records of the role of childhood, work, and leisure in the lives of historical figures are rare

(C) an uncharted sea of seemingly unexplainable events that have meaning only when examined as discrete units

(D) a record of the way in which a closed set of immutable psychological laws seems to have shaped events

(E) a proof of the existence of intricate causal interrelationships between past and present events

26. The author of the passage puts the word “deepest” (line 44) in quotation marks most probably in order to

(A) signal her reservations about the accuracy of psychohistorians’ claims for their work

(B) draw attention to a contradiction in the psychohistorians’ method

(C) emphasize the major difference between the traditional historians’ method and that of psychohistorians

(D) disassociate her opinion of the psychohistorians’ claims from her opinion of their method

(E) question the usefulness of psychohistorians’ insights into traditional historical scholarship

27. In presenting her analysis, the author does all of the following EXCEPT:

(A) Make general statement without reference to specific examples.

(B) Describe some of the criteria employed by traditional historians.

(C) Question the adequacy of the psychohistorians’ interpretation of events.

(D) Point out inconsistencies in the psychohistorians’ application of their methods.

(E) Contrast the underlying assumptions of psychohistorians with those of traditional historians.

答案：17-27：CACAACECDAD

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