1、martyrs

martyrs發(fā)音

英：　　美：

martyrs中文意思翻譯

常用釋義：烈士

v.使殉難（martyr的第三人稱(chēng)單數形式）

n.烈士；殉道者（martyr的復數）

martyrs雙語(yǔ)使用場(chǎng)景

1、like, the last an umbrella along the wet stone steps to climb up the mountain edge of the martyrs cemetery.───喜歡在雨絲中，撐一把雨傘，沿著(zhù)濕漉漉的石階，爬上后山崖邊的烈士陵園。

2、He lies at rest in the Martyrs' Cemetery.───他在烈士陵園安息著(zhù)。

3、So I started looking into the lives of some of these people, and I realized a lot of them were actually martyrs during the Boxer Rebellion.───因此，我開(kāi)始研究其中一些人的生平，并發(fā)現他們很多人是在“義和團運動(dòng)”期間殉教的。

4、Among the cathedral's treasures are the remains of martyrs who died for the Roman faith at the hands of a Protestant state.───大教堂的寶藏中包括為羅馬天主教信仰而被新教國家處死的殉教者的遺體。

5、The president acknowledged that there had been martyrs from the civilians as well as the army.───總統承認平民以及軍隊中都有殉道者。

6、Pope Gregory III designated November 1st as All Saints' Day, a time to honor saints and martyrs.───教皇格里高利三世將11月1日定為萬(wàn)圣節，以此紀念圣人和殉道者。

7、The thought has arisen upon a strong pedestal of the sacrifices of the great martyrs .───這一思想是建立在偉大的烈士們所付出犧牲的堅強基礎之上的。

8、He vowed to avenge martyrs.───他發(fā)誓要為烈士報仇。

9、In any event, many are ready to be martyrs for the global jihad.───許多戰士都準備好了為全球圣戰而在任何事件中犧牲自己。

martyrs相似詞語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)

1、martyries───n.烈士紀念堂；忠烈祠

2、martyrly───殉道的

3、martyrish───殉道的

4、markers───n.標記；記分員；書(shū)簽；馬克筆（marker的復數）

5、martyred───adj.故作受苦狀的；有犧牲精神似的，殉難的；v.殺害，折磨（martyr的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞）

6、martens───n.馬頓斯（男子名）

7、martyry───n.烈士紀念堂；忠烈祠

8、martyrise───殉難

9、martyr───n.烈士，殉道者；乞憐者；因疾病或困難長(cháng)期受折磨者；假圣人；v.殉難；折磨；殺害；n.(Martyr)馬特（人名）

2、萬(wàn)圣節英文簡(jiǎn)介

萬(wàn)圣節英文簡(jiǎn)介

　萬(wàn)圣節前夕，在每年的10月31日，是西方的傳統節日。許多亞洲地區的人將萬(wàn)圣節前夕誤稱(chēng)為萬(wàn)圣節。下面是我給大家提供的萬(wàn)圣節的英文簡(jiǎn)介，歡迎大家閱讀參考!

　萬(wàn)圣節英文簡(jiǎn)介

　Halloween is an autumn holiday that Americans celebrate every year. It means "holy evening," and it comes every October 31, the evening before All Saints' Day. However, it is not really a church holiday, it is a holiday for children mainly.

　Every autumn, when the vegetables are ready to eat, children pick large orange pumpkins. Then they cut faces in the pumpkins and put a burning candle inside. It looks as if there were a person looking out of the pumpkin! These lights are called jack-o'-lanterns, which means "Jack of the lantern".

　The children also put on strange masks and frightening costumes every Halloween. Some children paint their faces to look like monsters. Then they carry boxes or bags from house to house. Every time they come to a new house, they say,"Trick or treat! Money or eat!" The grown-ups put treat-money or candy in their bags.

　Not only children, but most grown-ups also love Halloween and Halloween parties because on this day,they can disguise themselves as personages or ghost as their imaginations will lead them. This bring them the satisfaction of being young.

　萬(wàn)圣節簡(jiǎn)介

　萬(wàn)圣夜英文稱(chēng)之“Halloween”，為“All Hallow Eve”的縮寫(xiě)，是指萬(wàn)圣節(All Hallow's Day)的前夜，類(lèi)似于圣誕夜被稱(chēng)為“Christmas Eve”?！癏allow”來(lái)源于中古英語(yǔ)halwen，與holy詞源很接近，在蘇格蘭和加拿大的某些區域，萬(wàn)圣節仍然被稱(chēng)為“All Hallow Mas”，意思是在紀念所有的圣人(Hallow)那一天，要舉行的彌撒儀式(Mass)。

　萬(wàn)圣夜通常與靈異的事物聯(lián)系起來(lái)。歐洲傳統上認為萬(wàn)圣節是鬼魂世界最接近人間的時(shí)間，這傳說(shuō)與中國的盂蘭節類(lèi)似。美國明尼蘇達州的Anoka號稱(chēng)是“世界萬(wàn)圣節之都”，每年都舉行大型的巡游慶祝。

　萬(wàn)圣節的起源

　兩千多年前，歐洲的天主教會(huì )把11月1日定為“天下圣徒之日” (ALL HALLOWS DAY) ?！癏ALLOW” 即圣徒之意。傳說(shuō)自公元前五百年，居住在愛(ài)爾蘭、蘇格蘭等地的.凱爾特人 (CELTS) 把這節日往前移了一天，即10月31日。

　他們認為該日是夏天正式結束的日子，也就是新年伊始，嚴酷的冬季開(kāi)始的一天。那時(shí)人們相信，故人的亡魂會(huì )在這一天回到故居地在活人身上找尋生靈，借此再生，而且這是人在死后能獲得再生的唯一希望。

　而活著(zhù)的人則懼怕死魂來(lái)奪生，于是人們就在這一天熄掉爐火、燭光，讓死魂無(wú)法找尋活人，又把自己打扮成妖魔鬼怪把死人之魂靈嚇走。之后，他們又會(huì )把火種燭光重新燃起，開(kāi)始新的一年的生活。傳說(shuō)那時(shí)凱爾特人部落還有在10月 31日把活人殺死用以祭奠死人的習俗。

　到了公元1世紀，占領(lǐng)了凱爾特部落領(lǐng)地的羅馬人也漸漸接受了萬(wàn)圣節習俗，但從此廢止了燒活人祭死人的野蠻做法。羅馬人慶祝豐收的節日與凱爾特人儀式結合，戴著(zhù)可怕的面具，打扮成動(dòng)物或鬼怪，則是為了趕走在他們四周游蕩的妖魔。這也就是今天全球大部分人以古靈精怪的打扮，來(lái)慶祝萬(wàn)圣節的由來(lái)。

　時(shí)間流逝，萬(wàn)圣節的意義逐漸起了變化，變得積極快樂(lè )起來(lái)，喜慶的意味成了主流。死魂找替身返世的說(shuō)法也漸漸被摒棄和忘卻。到了今天，象征萬(wàn)圣節的形象、圖畫(huà)如巫婆、黑貓等，大都有友善可愛(ài)和滑稽的臉。

　羅馬皇帝君士坦丁信主后，立基督教為國教，當時(shí)的基督教實(shí)際已演變成天主教。 君士坦丁下令全國人民都要皈依基督教，結果沒(méi)有悔改的異教徒加入了教會(huì )，把各樣 異教作風(fēng)帶進(jìn)來(lái)，包括死節，他們要維持這節日為生活的一部分。

　由于教會(huì )無(wú)法消除民眾的異教風(fēng)俗，只有把部分風(fēng)俗圣化，特別是十月三一日的死 節。在第八世紀，羅馬教皇定十一月一日為萬(wàn)圣日(All Saints’ Day)，來(lái)記念教會(huì )史 上一切殉道的圣徒。這樣，十月卅一日便是萬(wàn)圣日的前夕。天主教會(huì )容許民眾在十月 卅一日守節，因為十一月一日是圣日。

　后來(lái)All Saint’s Day 變成All Hallows Day， 而hallows是“神圣”的意思，十月卅一日便是萬(wàn)圣夜(All Hallows Evening)。Evening后來(lái)縮減為eve和een，前者是“前夕”的意思，后者是evening的 縮寫(xiě)，意即“夜晚”，便成為今天的Halloween，代表死節是萬(wàn)圣日的前夕。華人索性把十月三一日稱(chēng)為萬(wàn)圣節，其實(shí)該譯作“萬(wàn)靈節”。

　萬(wàn)圣節英文簡(jiǎn)介

　Halloween, or Hallowe'en, a holiday celebrated on the night of October 31, is a mix of ancient Celtic practices, Catholic and Roman religious rituals and European folk traditions that blended together over time to create the holiday we know today.

　萬(wàn)圣節前夜(每年10月31日)，在其形成過(guò)程中逐漸融合了凱爾特習俗、天主教儀式和歐洲民間傳統，最終形成了我們今天所見(jiàn)的這樣一個(gè)節日。

　Ancient

　遠古時(shí)期

　Shades: Throughout ancient history, Shades meant the spirit of a dead person, residing in the underworld.

　幽靈：遠古時(shí)期，人們認為幽靈是生活在地下世界的死者的靈魂。

　Carving gourds into elaborately decorated lanterns dates back thousands of years to Africa.

　將葫蘆精雕細刻、做成燈籠的習俗可追溯到幾千年前的非洲。

　800-450 B.C.

　公元前800-450年

　The ancient Celts believed that wearing masks would ward off evil spirits.

　古凱爾特人相信戴上面具可以避開(kāi)邪靈。

　Pre-1st Century

　1世紀前

　Samhain: The Festival of Samhain is a celebration of the end of the Gaelic harvest season.

　死神節：蓋爾人(蘇格蘭和愛(ài)爾蘭的凱爾特人)慶祝豐收季節結束的節日。

　1st Century

　1世紀

　Gaels believed that the border between this world and the otherworld became thin on Sambain; because animals and plants were dying, it allowed the dead to reach back through the veil that separated them from the living.

　蓋爾人相信，在死神節，現世與冥界的邊界會(huì )逐漸消失。動(dòng)物和植物紛紛死去，而死者將穿過(guò)把他們同生者隔開(kāi)的幕布重回世間。

　Bonfires played a major role in the Festival of Samhain. Celebrants wore costumes, mostly skins and animal heads, and danced around bonfires.

　篝火對于死神節來(lái)說(shuō)是必不可少的。參加慶典的人們穿上動(dòng)物的皮毛和頭顱做成的服裝，圍著(zhù)篝火舞蹈。

　By A.D. 43, Romans had conquered much of Celtic territory. Two Roman festivals were combined with the Celtic celebration of Samhain: Feralia, a day in late October when Romans commemorated the passing of the dead, and a day to honor Pomona, Roman goddess of fruit and trees.

　公元43年，羅馬人占領(lǐng)了凱爾特人的大部分領(lǐng)土，并將兩個(gè)羅馬節日與死神節的傳統結合起來(lái)：一個(gè)是紀念死者的Feralia節(十月末的一天)，另一個(gè)是紀念羅馬的果樹(shù)女神Pomona的節日。

　Werewolf: The original werewolf of classical mythology, Lycaon, a king of Arcadia who, according to Ovid's Metamorphoses, was turned into a ravenous wolf by Zeus. Possibly the source of the term lycanthropy.

　狼人：古羅馬詩(shī)人奧維德在他的《變形記》中描繪了古典神話(huà)中狼人的原型——阿卡迪亞王呂卡翁，由于觸怒天神宙斯而被變成了一匹狼。也許“變狼妄想狂”一詞就是來(lái)源于這個(gè)故事。

　3rd Century

　3世紀

　In the Roman Catholic church, a commemoration of "All Martyrs" was celebrated between mid April and early May.

　在每年四月中旬到五月初這段時(shí)間，羅馬天主教會(huì )慶祝一個(gè)名為“眾殉道者節”的紀念性節日。

　7th Century

　7世紀

　The festival of All Siants dates to May 13 in 609 or 610, when Pope Boniface IVconsecrated the Pantheon at Rome.

　公元609或610年，教皇卜尼法斯四世為羅馬萬(wàn)神殿祝圣，并將5月13日定為“眾圣人節”。

　This date was an ancient pagan observation, the end of the Feast of the Lemures, in which the evil and restless spirits of all the dead were appeased.

　這一節期原本是古老的異教節日——勒姆瑞斯(夜游魂)節的末尾，在這一節日期間人們試圖安撫那些邪惡且永不安寧的亡魂。

　8th Century

　8世紀

　Pope Gregory III designated November 1st All Saints' Day, a time to honor saints and martyrs.

　教皇格列高利三世將每年11月1日定為“眾圣人節”，以此紀念圣人和殉道者。

　Many believe the pope was attempting to replace the Celtic festival of the dead with a related, but church-sanctioned holiday.

　人們相信，教皇此舉是為了用一個(gè)教會(huì )認可的節日來(lái)替代凱爾特的亡者之節日。

　Saint Boniface declared that belief in the existence of witches was un-Christian.

　圣卜尼法斯(680-754，本篤會(huì )修士，美因茨大主教)宣布，相信女巫的存在是不合基督教教義的。

　10th Century

　10世紀

　The Catholic church made November 2nd All Souls' Day, a day to honor the dead.

　天主教會(huì )將每年11月2日定為“萬(wàn)靈節”，以紀念死者。

　The three Catholic celebrations, the eve of All Saints', All Saints', and All Souls', were called Hallowmas.

　至此，天主教的三大節日——眾圣人節前夜，眾圣人節，萬(wàn)靈節，被統稱(chēng)為“Hallowmas”(即“萬(wàn)圣節”之意)。

　Middle Ages

　中世紀

　Carved turnips in Ireland and Scotland are used as candle lanterns in windows to ward off harmful spirits.

　在愛(ài)爾蘭和蘇格蘭，人們將蕪菁(形似蘿卜)雕刻成燈籠放在窗臺上，以此抵擋邪靈。

　Soul cakes, often simply referred to as souls, were given out to soulers (mainly consisting of children and the poor) who would go from door to door on Hallowmas singing and saying prayers for the dead. Each cake eaten would represent a soul being freed from Purgatory.

　另一項傳統習俗涉及“靈魂餅”：在萬(wàn)圣節期間，小孩和窮人會(huì )挨家挨戶(hù)地唱歌并為死者祈禱，人們則給他們一種被稱(chēng)作“靈魂餅”的點(diǎn)心作為報酬。據說(shuō)每吃掉一個(gè)“靈魂餅”，就會(huì )有一個(gè)靈魂被從煉獄中拯救出來(lái)。

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