1、cross function

cross function發(fā)音

英：　　美：

cross function中文意思翻譯

常用釋義：交叉功能：指在軟件開(kāi)發(fā)中

跨部門(mén)

跨功能組織

cross function雙語(yǔ)使用場(chǎng)景

1、Good interpersonal skills to be able to work with cross- function teams .───良好的人際交流技能，有團隊精神和能與客戶(hù)溝通協(xié)作。

2、Before each build, team member from cross function department should sign off in readiness sheet to confirm status of each function.───在每次生產(chǎn)前，項目成員應當在準備就緒表上簽名確認各職能部門(mén)準備的狀態(tài)。

3、Work jointly with cross-function team to implement equipment maintenance projects & supplier selection.───與跨部門(mén)團隊合作執行設備的日常維護以及設備供應商的選擇。

4、Take lead in cross function collaboration by building sustained productive relationships with all levels of colleagues.───建立與所有相關(guān)同事的良好工作關(guān)系以利于跨職能的協(xié)同合作。

5、The Cross Function Team is responsible for implementation of production part approval process and preparation of the required information.───橫向協(xié)調項目組負責新品生產(chǎn)件批準過(guò)程的實(shí)施和所需資料的準備。

6、Driven on time delivery performance continuous improvement by cooperation with cross function.───合作與跨功能，驅動(dòng)時(shí)間交付績(jì)效的持續改進(jìn)。

7、In the realistic practice of grassroots community, the relative clear boundary and the widely cross function, fusional boundary coexisted.───在基層社區的現實(shí)實(shí)踐中，相對清晰的邊界與職能廣泛交叉、邊界融合的情況卻是同時(shí)存在的。

8、Honesty, Self-motivated, Good communication skill, cross function project management experience.───誠實(shí)，主動(dòng)，良好的溝通技巧，多功能的項目管理經(jīng)驗。

cross function相似詞語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)

1、function───n.功能；[數]函數；職責；盛大的集會(huì )；vi.運行；活動(dòng)；行使職責

2、nucleolus function───核仁函數

3、basic function───基本功能；[數]基本函數

4、urethra function───尿道功能

5、clasper function───扣合器功能

6、cross───vi.交叉；雜交；橫過(guò)；n.交叉，十字；十字架，十字形物；adj.交叉的，相反的；乖戾的；生氣的；vt.雜交；渡過(guò)；使相交

7、leveling function───調平功能

8、trigonometrical function───三角函數

9、function generator───信號（函數）發(fā)生器；信號[函數]發(fā)生器

2、有關(guān)人力資源管理的中英文文獻

注意！樓上的這個(gè)英文文獻是google譯的，不順。。。

http://www.managementhelp.org/hr_mgmnt/hr_mgmnt.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_resource_management

http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8A%9B%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86

http://books.google.com.sg/books?id=FciK6xtWfy0C&pg=PT166&lpg=PT166&dq=Private+Enterprise+human+resource+management&source=web&ots=OFncstpski&sig=6f_0AsxbQZFRexeS08L8UAT_Zf8&hl=en

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_human_resource_management_topics

http://books.google.com.sg/books?hl=en&id=9fWF_ndSCcAC&dq=human+resource+management&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=4xwIYBuMf9&sig=6qfNhxSFoKD-_s0NWnwVdVS-vHk

http://books.google.com.sg/books?hl=en&id=EZ1CLRm3FnQC&dq=human+resource+management&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=e9ZXXrcD0q&sig=i_JxI28y7ZXehl-dqvoX-KtdldI

http://books.google.com.sg/books?hl=en&id=1m0i_YKPDNwC&dq=human+resource+management&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=yu6BZIhFj_&sig=WU6l52bZ0JH2JZPN4Qy038OtuKA

http://books.google.com.sg/books?hl=en&id=Gu1YWQGHgLcC&dq=human+resource+management&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=H7SbJNAizE&sig=Y3GssDjBHljJr3aRrmVgCaA9gTY

http://books.google.com.sg/books?hl=en&id=bnAiaXdzbRwC&dq=human+resource+management&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=NbX4F8U9oG&sig=umxDaoU05w_dZkxyT_usnZH5lR0

http://books.google.com.sg/books?hl=en&id=Vs98_GTpU5EC&dq=human+resource+management&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=571NexI6ER&sig=i8A4B8m2nb1LkNv8UrzVcgm2XI8

http://books.google.com.sg/books?hl=en&id=aQpPzvu4eC0C&dq=human+resource+management&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=9c4a-JsUBC&sig=N8_-lXARbKr61H9yKwrhNcPQF8Y

http://books.google.com.sg/books?hl=en&id=2BWLZTWoAeUC&dq=human+resource+management&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=msCayB2Gwr&sig=2WxIZuqhy3ZvWW7rPYsqCwkOwcY

Human resource management (HRM) is the strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organization's most valued assets - the people working there who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the business.[1] The terms "human resource management" and "human resources" (HR) have largely replaced the term "personnel management" as a description of the processes involved in managing people in organizations.[1] Human Resource management is evolving rapidly. Human resource management is both an academic theory and a business practice that addresses the theoretical and practical techniques of managing a workforce.

Features

Its features include:

Personnel administration

Personnel management

Manpower management

Industrial management[2][3]

But these traditional expressions are becoming less common for the theoretical discipline. Sometimes even industrial relations and employee relations are confusingly listed as synonyms,[4] although these normally refer to the relationship between management and workers and the behavior of workers in companies.

The theoretical discipline is based primarily on the assumption that employees are individuals with varying goals and needs, and as such should not be thought of as basic business resources, such as trucks and filing cabinets. The field takes a positive view of workers, assuming that virtually all wish to contribute to the enterprise productively, and that the main obstacles to their endeavors are lack of knowledge, insufficient training, and failures of process.

HRM is seen by practitioners in the field as a more innovative view of workplace management than the traditional approach. Its techniques force the managers of an enterprise to express their goals with specificity so that they can be understood and undertaken by the workforce, and to provide the resources needed for them to successfully accomplish their assignments. As such, HRM techniques, when properly practiced, are expressive of the goals and operating practices of the enterprise overall. HRM is also seen by many to have a key role in risk reduction within organisations.[5]

Synonyms such as personnel management are often used in a more restricted sense to describe activities that are necessary in the recruiting of a workforce, providing its members with payroll and benefits, and administrating their work-life needs. So if we move to actual definitions, Torrington and Hall (1987) define personnel management as being:

“a series of activities which: first enable working people and their employing organisations to agree about the objectives and nature of their working relationship and, secondly, ensures that the agreement is fulfilled" (p. 49).

While Miller (1987) suggests that HRM relates to:

".......those decisions and actions which concern the management of employees at all levels in the business and which are related to the implementation of strategies directed towards creating and sustaining competitive advantage" (p. 352).

Academic theory

The goal of human resource management is to help an organization to meet strategic goals by attracting, and maintaining employees and also to manage them effectively. The key word here perhaps is "fit", i.e. a HRM approach seeks to ensure a fit between the management of an organization's employees, and the overall strategic direction of the company (Miller, 1989).

The basic premise of the academic theory of HRM is that humans are not machines, therefore we need to have an interdisciplinary examination of people in the workplace. Fields such as psychology, industrial engineering, industrial and organizational psychology, industrial relations, sociology, and critical theories: postmodernism, post-structuralism play a major role. Many colleges and universities offer bachelor and master degrees in Human Resources Management.

One widely used scheme to describe the role of HRM, developed by Dave Ulrich, defines 4 fields for the HRM function:[6]

Strategic business partner

Change agent

Employee champion

Administration

However, many HR functions these days struggle to get beyond the roles of administration and employee champion, and are seen rather as reactive than strategically proactive partners for the top management. In addition, HR organizations also have the difficulty in proving how their activities and processes add value to the company. Only in the recent years HR scholars and HR professionals are focusing to develop models that can measure if HR adds value.[7]

Critical Academic Theory

Postmodernism plays an important part in Academic Theory and particularly in Critical Theory. Indeed Karen Legge in 'Human Resource Management: Rhetorics and Realities' possess the debate of whether HRM is a modernist project or a postmodern discourse (Legge 2004). In many ways, critically or not, many writers contend that HRM itself is an attempt to move away from the modernist traditions of personnel (man as machine) towards a postmodernist view of HRM (man as individuals). Critiques include the notion that because 'Human' is the subject we should recognize that people are complex and that it is only through various discourses that we understand the world. Man is not Machine, no matter what attempts are made to change it i.e. Fordism / Taylorism, McDonaldisation (Modernism).

Critical Theory also questions whether HRM is the pursuit of "attitudinal shaping" (Wilkinson 1998), particularly when considering empowerment, or perhaps more precisely pseudo-empowerment - as the critical perspective notes. Many critics note the move away from Man as Machine is often in many ways, more a Linguistic (discursive) move away than a real attempt to recognise the Human in Human Resource Management.

Critical Theory, in particular postmodernism (poststructualism), recognises that because the subject is people in the workplace, the subject is a complex one, and therefore simplistic notions of 'the best way' or a unitary perspectives on the subject are too simplistic. It also considers the complex subject of power, power games, and office politics. Power in the workplace is a vast and complex subject that cannot be easily defined. This leaves many critics to suggest that Management 'Gurus', consultants, 'best practice' and HR models are often overly simplistic, but in order to sell an idea, they are simplified, and often lead Management as a whole to fall into the trap of oversimplifying the relationship.

Business practice

Human resources management comprises several processes. Together they are supposed to achieve the above mentioned goal. These processes can be performed in an HR department, but some tasks can also be outsourced or performed by line-managers or other departments.

Workforce planning

Recruitment (sometimes separated into attraction and selection)

Induction and Orientation

Skills management

Training and development

Personnel administration

Compensation in wage or salary

Time management

Travel management (sometimes assigned to accounting rather than HRM)

Payroll (sometimes assigned to accounting rather than HRM)

Employee benefits administration

Personnel cost planning

Performance appraisal

Careers

The sort of careers available in HRM are varied. There are generalist HRM jobs such as human resource assistant. There are careers involved with employment, recruitment and placement and these are usually conducted by interviewers, EOE (Equal Opportunity Employment) specialists or college recruiters. Training and development specialism is often conducted by trainers and orientation specialists. Compensation and benefits tasks are handled by compensation analysts, salary administrators, and benefits administrators.

Professional organizations

Professional organizations in HRM include the Society for Human Resource Management, the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD), the International Public Management Association for HR (IPMA-HR) and the International Personnel Management Association of Canada (IPMA-Canada).Management Association of Nepal [MAN]

人力資源管理，是指為了完成管理工作中涉及人或人事方面的任務(wù)所進(jìn)行的管理工作。

人力資源管理工作包括：工作分析；制定人力需求計劃以及人員招募；培訓及開(kāi)發(fā)；薪酬及福利管理、績(jì)效評估；勞動(dòng)關(guān)系管理等。

人力資源管理愈來(lái)愈被重視。在經(jīng)濟發(fā)展成熟的體系下，人力資源管理必須配合以爭取最佳的資源效益，若將不適當的人力配對不適當的職位，資源效益不但全無(wú)，或可能有損耗?，F代經(jīng)濟講求平衡及配合，提升管理效能和質(zhì)素，就要人力資源配合以作平衡，個(gè)中的內容是設立人力資源架構框架，用最適合的人做最適合的工作。建立人力資源平臺，作為溝通及搜集資訊渠道，將各方意見(jiàn)綜合，舍短取長(cháng)，以處理薪酬、福利等事宜。人力資源最重要是培訓及發(fā)展，人力資源發(fā)展必須投資在培訓方面，以發(fā)揮各階層的人力資源潛能。

發(fā)展簡(jiǎn)史

在現實(shí)世界不同的國家人力資源的發(fā)展情況以及歷史都不同。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，人力資源的學(xué)術(shù)界發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了：人事管理（Personnel Management），人力資源管理（Human Resource Management）到現在新近興起的人力資本管理（Human Capital Management）。其只要不同即在于公司和企業(yè)對待職員的理念的變化和發(fā)展。

在人事管理階段，人事經(jīng)理們的工作是管理職工福利，以及和工會(huì )的法律程序方面。公司的上層管理部門(mén)將人事部門(mén)的各種活動(dòng)以及公司職員皆看作公司的大筆純支出，而盡可能的削減這部分的開(kāi)支。公司對人事部的活動(dòng)持不積極的支持態(tài)度。

在人力資源管理階段，企業(yè)員工被看成企業(yè)的可以增值的資產(chǎn)而被發(fā)展以期充分利用潛能。人力資源部門(mén)充分利用職位分析，工作分析，職位概述，人員選擇和招聘，員工培訓等等活動(dòng)來(lái)提高企業(yè)員工的效率，從而增加企業(yè)的管理和運營(yíng)更加有效。當一個(gè)公司實(shí)行人力資源管理戰略的時(shí)候，人力資源部門(mén)將被納入公司戰略計劃的一個(gè)重要組成部分。公司的未來(lái)發(fā)展，市場(chǎng)拓展，新產(chǎn)品研發(fā)等等都要牽扯到人力資源部門(mén)的支持，協(xié)調與合作。人力資源被作為提高公司競爭力的戰略手段而被重視。除此之外，人力資源管理就是協(xié)助公司去激勵員工，透過(guò)一些物質(zhì)上的滿(mǎn)足和一些財務(wù)獎勵，從而增加員工的對公司歸屬感、增加員工士氣和減低對工作的不滿(mǎn)等¨。有高昂的士氣會(huì )使工作更加有效率和使工作更加順利，最終公司和員工也各有得益。

在人力資本管理階段，人力部門(mén)的基本職責仍與人力資源管理時(shí)期相似，但是企業(yè)員工不再被看作有發(fā)展潛力的資產(chǎn)，而是公司可以利用的資本。人力資源部門(mén)的各項活動(dòng)被量化與公司的利潤率掛鉤，并且這也是衡量職工和各部門(mén)是否有效工作的主要手段。

主要職能

人力資源管理的主要職能包括：人員招募；培訓及開(kāi)發(fā)；薪酬及福利管理。

人員招募：

人員招募又稱(chēng)為人員招聘。主要是基于組織（公司，政府，非盈利組織等）的近期及遠期的業(yè)務(wù)需要，來(lái)制定人員需求的計劃，并通過(guò)各種招聘手段來(lái)完成組織的人員需求。

人員招募主要涉及人員規劃，簡(jiǎn)歷收集，選聘，錄用及員工入職培訓。

培訓及開(kāi)發(fā)：

培訓及開(kāi)發(fā)主要是通過(guò)一些培訓及開(kāi)發(fā)的技術(shù)及手段，提高員工的技能，以適應公司所處經(jīng)營(yíng)環(huán)境中的技術(shù)及知識的變化。

主要的技術(shù)及手段有：

培訓 在崗培訓 輪崗 員工繼續教育計劃 輔導，訓導

薪酬；福利管理：

人力資源管理的內外部條件

人力資源管理的外部條件

勞動(dòng)法規

勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)

當地文化

人力資源管理的內部條件

企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)戰略

國際化程度

人力資源部的組織設置

有以下三種方式：

職能型組織設置

人力規劃

人力購得

培訓與進(jìn)修

工資和薪水

社會(huì )事業(yè)

對象型組織設置

技術(shù)類(lèi)員工

管理類(lèi)員工

領(lǐng)導層

受培訓者

混合模式